SP1.Students will analyze the forms and transformations of energy.
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Transcript of SP1.Students will analyze the forms and transformations of energy.
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SP1. Students will analyze the forms and transformations of energy.
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Mechanical Energy
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Energy
Energy is the ability to cause change
Anything that changes uses energy
Energy is measured in Joules (J), just like work
One form of energy is Kinetic energy (KE)
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How much KE?
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How Much KE?
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Kinetic Energy (KE)
Moving energy
Dependent on– Mass Mass, KE
– Velocity Velocity, KE
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Kinetic Energy (KE)
The equation for KE is
KE = 1/2mv2
Because velocity is squared, the KE will go up very fast as you increase velocity
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Example
A 1,000kg truck was traveling at 4m/s and then accelerated to 10m/s. Find the initial KE and the final KE.
KE = 1/2mv2
KE = (½)(1000)(4)2
– KE = 8000J
KE = (½)(1000)(10)2
– KE = 50000J
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Potential Energy
Potential energy is stored energy
It comes in many forms:– Gravitational– Elastic– Chemical– Electric– Etc.
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What kind of PE?
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Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)
Is the energy an object will use to fall.
Depends on the object’s :– Weight (mass * gravity)– Height from ground (or whatever it’s falling to)
Equation for GPE:
PEg = mgh
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Problem
A 0.06 kg tennis ball starts to fall from a height of 2.9m. What was its gravitational potential energy at that height?
GPE = mgh
GPE = (0.06)(10)(2.9)
GPE = 1.74J
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Elastic Potential Energy
Elastic potential energy comes when an object is stretched or compressed.
This depends on how far the object has been distorted.
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Mechanical Energy
Mechanical energy is the energy of a system
Mechanical energy (ME) comes from two different sources:– Potential energy– Kinetic energy
Mechanical energy typically does not include nuclear, chemical, electrical and other ancillary types of energy
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Conservation of Energy
In a system, the mechanical energy is conserved. The amount of energy in the beginning should equal the amount of energy at the end*
*minus energy loss due to friction
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Converting Energy
Mechanical Energy is the total of the potential and kinetic energy in a system.
ME = PE + KE
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Converting Energy
Though GPE and KE change, the total energy remains constant.
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Open vs. Closed Systems
A closed system is one where no energy is added
An open system does add energy
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Try It
The tops of the towers on the Golden Gate Bridge are 227m above the water. Suppose that a worker drops a 0.655 kg wrench from the top of the tower. What will be the kinetic energy of the wrench when it hits the water?
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Mass and Energy
Sometimes, mass can be converted into energy– Ex: Nuclear fission/fusion
The equation for the amount of energy produced is E = mc2
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Now it’s your turn!
Do the problems on the worksheet
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ToD
Name three types of energy transformations you’ve used today
Show your work