Changes in Western Europe, the US and the Soviet Union: A Post-WWII Analysis
Soviet Union After WWII
description
Transcript of Soviet Union After WWII
![Page 1: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Soviet Union After WWII
![Page 2: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Berlin Airlift
![Page 7: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Zhdanovshchina
Doctrine of the communist party in Russia created in 1946 by Andrei Zhdanov
Divided world culture into the “imperial” or “democratic” categories
- U.S. was “imperial”
- Soviet Union was “democratic” All artwork, literature, and scholarship had to
avoid anything connected to “imperial” ideas
- What might this include?
![Page 8: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Economic Recovery
¼ of Russia's capital resources had been destroyed
Industrial and Agricultural output far short of pre-war levels
- Why else aside from the capital destruction? Took some economic aid from Sweden and
Britian but rejected all else Focused on heavy industry rather than food or
consumer goods
![Page 10: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Marshal Plan
United States gave 13 billion (equal to 135 billion now) to rebuild Western Europe
Mutual security plan continued some of this spending later
Helped erase trade barriers Set up institutions to help the greater European
economy Focused on modernizing Europe Soviets forced all Eastern-Bloc nations to reject
Marshall plan aid
![Page 12: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Exploitative Trade
Soviet Union forced satellite states into unequal trade agreements
- kind of like mercantilism Used them to help Soviet Industry recover
- Satellite states supplied machinery and raw materials
- Exchanged for items that the Soviet Union could afford to lose
![Page 14: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Nuclear Weapons and Ballistic Missiles
Nuclear program started during WWII and accelerated after Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Relied heavily on the “atomic spy ring” First test was Aug. 1949 (successful) Important to maintain equal footing Most powerful weapon was 50 megatons
(capable of 100 megatons)
- Fat Man was only 21 kilotons First intercontinental ballistic missile 1957
![Page 15: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
From 99 miles away
![Page 16: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Space Race
Part of proving Soviet science superior Firsts:
- Satellite in space- Sputnik I (1957)
- Animal in space (dog)
- Human in space (Yuri Gagarin)
- Woman in space
- Space Walk
- Moon impact
- Interplanetary probe
![Page 17: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Space Race
Until 1955 it was heavily aided by captured German scientists
Several groups in competition Kept failures a secret (why?) Came up with early plans to reach Mars
![Page 18: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
KGB
In 1953 the NKGB and the MGB merged their functions
In 1954 they were changed to the KGB Functions:
- Intelligence
- Counter- Intelligence
- Search for state criminals
- Internal and border armies
![Page 19: Soviet Union After WWII](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56814860550346895db56c78/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
KGB
After WWII many newer or more moderate members were purged from the party
KGB known for using violence and imprisonment
- Euphemism “wetwork” teams
Vladimir Putin, Russia's president, is former KGB