Soviet Control Of Daily Life Outlawed Cultural Celebrations Prohibited Native Languages Controlled...

Soviet Control

Of Daily Life

Outlawed Cultural

Celebrations

Prohibited Native

Languages

Controlled Media(TV, Radio, News, Etc.)

Destroyed Places of Worship (Churches,

Etc.) Killed Religious Leaders

Prohibited Celebration of

Religious Holidays

Today’s Standard(s)Today’s Standard(s)

SS6H7 The student will explain SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to conflict and change in Europe to

the 21st century. the 21st century.

c. Explain how the collapse of the c. Explain how the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Soviet Union led to the end of the

Cold War and German reunification. Cold War and German reunification.

Intro to Our Intro to Our Essential Questions….Essential Questions….What is the What is the relationship relationship between the between the

collapse of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union, the reunification of reunification of

Germany, and the Germany, and the end of the Cold end of the Cold

War? War?

(R39)(R39)Collapse of Collapse of

Communism in Communism in EuropeEurope

The Collapse of theThe Collapse of thesoviet unionsoviet union

MikhailMikhail GorbachevGorbachev was the was the final leader of the Soviet final leader of the Soviet

Union.Union.

He attempted to make many He attempted to make many reformsreforms, or changes in the , or changes in the

way the Soviet Union way the Soviet Union governed its people.governed its people.

Gorbachev believed in the Gorbachev believed in the ideals of the Soviet Union, ideals of the Soviet Union, but he wanted to solve the but he wanted to solve the

USSR’s economic and USSR’s economic and political problems.political problems.


Gorbachev tried to increase Gorbachev tried to increase friendly relations with the friendly relations with the

U.S.U.S.

Gorbachev’s reforms did not Gorbachev’s reforms did not have the success that he have the success that he

had hoped.had hoped.

The “puppet governments” of The “puppet governments” of eastern Europe recognized eastern Europe recognized the vulnerable position of the vulnerable position of the USSR & decided that the USSR & decided that

this was the time to go for this was the time to go for independence.independence.


Gorbachev did not force the Gorbachev did not force the countries of eastern countries of eastern

Europe to remain Europe to remain communist.communist.

Many “hard-line” communist Many “hard-line” communist leaders in the Soviet Union leaders in the Soviet Union

were very upset.were very upset.

They considered Gorbachev They considered Gorbachev as too “soft.”as too “soft.”

In 1991, these people In 1991, these people planned a coup to oust planned a coup to oust

Gorbachev.Gorbachev.


Thousands of people Thousands of people supported the changes supported the changes

being proposed by being proposed by Gorbachev and opposed and opposed

the coup.the coup.

It failed.It failed.

After this, the puppet After this, the puppet governments of eastern governments of eastern Europe started declaring Europe started declaring

independence.independence.


The Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact was dissolved.was dissolved.

By 1992, the Soviet By 1992, the Soviet Union no longer Union no longer

existed.existed.

The USSR had The USSR had become 15 new become 15 new

nations.nations.

Let’s go back to the end of

WWII………..

A Divided A Divided Germany Germany

When World War II When World War II ended, Germany was ended, Germany was

divided into two divided into two different countries.different countries.

The United States, France, & The United States, France, & the UK occupied the UK occupied West West

GermanyGermany..

&&

The Soviet Union occupied The Soviet Union occupied

East GermanyEast Germany..

West West Germany Germany

The U.S., the UK, & France The U.S., the UK, & France helped West Germany set helped West Germany set

up a democratic up a democratic government.government.

With U.S. aid ($), With U.S. aid ($), West West GermanyGermany was able to was able to

rebuild its factories & in 20 rebuild its factories & in 20 years time it had become years time it had become

one of the richest nations in one of the richest nations in the world.the world.

The U.S. supported West The U.S. supported West Germany because it Germany because it separated the rest of separated the rest of Western Europe from Western Europe from

communist Eastern Europe.communist Eastern Europe.

East East Germany Germany

East GermanyEast Germany, under the , under the thumb of the Soviet Union, thumb of the Soviet Union,

did not experience the did not experience the same economic revival.same economic revival.

For the most part, the lives of For the most part, the lives of those living in East those living in East

Germany were harder than Germany were harder than it was for West Germans.it was for West Germans.

Many of the people living in Many of the people living in East Germany wanted to East Germany wanted to

move to the West.move to the West.

East East GermanyGermany

East Germanys’ communist East Germanys’ communist government discouraged government discouraged communication between communication between

east and west.east and west.

In order to prevent people in In order to prevent people in the divided capital city of the divided capital city of Berlin from fleeing to the Berlin from fleeing to the

west, they built the west, they built the Berlin Berlin WallWall..

The Berlin Wall served as a The Berlin Wall served as a symbol of a divided symbol of a divided

Europe.Europe.

East GermanyEast GermanyBy the late 1980’s, the Soviet By the late 1980’s, the Soviet

Union was losing power. Union was losing power. It was no longer able to It was no longer able to

control its puppet control its puppet governments.governments.

It was at this time that many It was at this time that many East Germans fled into East Germans fled into

West Germany.West Germany.

HungaryHungary started allowing East started allowing East Germans to come through Germans to come through Hungary into Austria & on Hungary into Austria & on

into West Germany.into West Germany.

East GermanyEast GermanyAs the Soviet union continued As the Soviet union continued

to weaken its grip, the to weaken its grip, the puppet governments puppet governments

started tasting freedom.started tasting freedom.

In 1989, the In 1989, the Berlin WallBerlin Wall was was taken down and more East taken down and more East

Germans fled into West Germans fled into West Germany.Germany.

This event, more than any This event, more than any other, symbolized the other, symbolized the collapse of the Soviet collapse of the Soviet

Union.Union.

Reunified Germany Reunified Germany

Since the Since the reunificationreunification, or , or the reuniting of East and the reuniting of East and

West Germany, the West Germany, the government of Germany government of Germany has had to spend billions has had to spend billions

trying to catch the eastern trying to catch the eastern part of the country up to part of the country up to

the west.the west.

This effort included the This effort included the rebuilding of Berlin & the rebuilding of Berlin & the construction of factories, construction of factories,

roads, housing, & roads, housing, & hospitals.hospitals.

Modern Eastern EuropeModern Eastern Europe

When the Soviet Union When the Soviet Union collapsed, the puppet collapsed, the puppet governments formerly governments formerly

under it’s control, started under it’s control, started setting up non-communist setting up non-communist

governments.governments.

Many countries had Many countries had democratic elections.democratic elections.

Most of them changed or Most of them changed or

re-wrote their constitutions.re-wrote their constitutions.

Modern Eastern EuropeModern Eastern EuropeIn the Czech Republic, In the Czech Republic, communists were banned communists were banned from government office.from government office.

In Bulgaria, the communists In Bulgaria, the communists re-organized as a new re-organized as a new

political party and have political party and have had some success in had some success in getting re-elected.getting re-elected.

In the Balkans, many ethnic In the Balkans, many ethnic groups tried to establish groups tried to establish their own independent their own independent nations within nations.nations within nations.


Most of the countries once controlled by the Soviet Most of the countries once controlled by the Soviet Union, have since established parliamentary Union, have since established parliamentary

republics.republics.

A A

ParliamentaryParliamentary

RepublicRepublicis a form of government led by the head of the is a form of government led by the head of the

political party with the most members in political party with the most members in parliament.parliament.

Parliamentary RepublicsParliamentary Republics


In some countries, smaller In some countries, smaller political parties with political parties with

different ideas have joined different ideas have joined forces to create forces to create

Coalition Coalition

GovernmentsGovernments

These are countries that are These are countries that are ruled by many different ruled by many different groups that must share groups that must share

power.power.


Though the nations of eastern Though the nations of eastern Europe achieved Europe achieved

independence, they had independence, they had inherited struggling inherited struggling

command economiescommand economies..

Some nations, like Slovakia & Some nations, like Slovakia & some other Balkan some other Balkan

countries are making the countries are making the change to a market change to a market

economy slowly.economy slowly.

Poland reformed it’s economy Poland reformed it’s economy quickly with great success.quickly with great success.


Some former soviet Some former soviet “satellite states” “satellite states” have had many have had many struggles since struggles since independence.independence.

Many nations have Many nations have experienced violence experienced violence

and civil war.and civil war.

The Soviets left a nasty The Soviets left a nasty mess, and some mess, and some places never got places never got

cleaned up.cleaned up.

Modern Eastern EuropeModern Eastern EuropeAfter the collapse of the After the collapse of the

Soviet Union, many of Soviet Union, many of the eastern bloc the eastern bloc

nations feared being nations feared being invaded by stronger invaded by stronger

nations.nations.

Many wanted to join NATO Many wanted to join NATO for protection.for protection.

1999- Poland, Hungary, &1999- Poland, Hungary, &Czech Rep.Czech Rep.

2004- Bulgaria, Romania, 2004- Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia &Slovakia, Slovenia &The Baltic StatesThe Baltic States


Since the collapse of the Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Balkans Soviet Union, the Balkans have been the hardest hit have been the hardest hit by violence and unrest.by violence and unrest.

The area that was once the The area that was once the nation of Yugoslavia has nation of Yugoslavia has

experienced much experienced much bloodshed since the 1980’s bloodshed since the 1980’s

& 90’s.& 90’s.

Modern Eastern EuropeModern Eastern EuropeAfter WWII, Yugoslavia

became a communist country under the

dictatorship of Marshal Tito.

Tito was an ethnic Croat, but he had many different ethnic groups (Serbs,

Muslims, etc.) under his control.

This ethnic diversity caused much in-fighting and

instability.

Modern Eastern EuropeModern Eastern EuropeAfter Tito’s death in 1980, After Tito’s death in 1980,

Yugoslavia began to fall Yugoslavia began to fall deeper into chaos.deeper into chaos.

In 1989, In 1989, Slobodan Slobodan Milosevic Milosevic (Serb) became (Serb) became the leader of Yugoslavia.the leader of Yugoslavia.

He wanted the He wanted the SerbsSerbs to rule to rule Yugoslavia.Yugoslavia.

Soon, the Serbs were fighting Soon, the Serbs were fighting their own Croat & Muslim their own Croat & Muslim countrymen in the area of countrymen in the area of

Bosnia.Bosnia.

Modern Eastern EuropeModern Eastern EuropeThe policy shifted towards The policy shifted towards murder, when the Bosnian murder, when the Bosnian Serbs started killing Croats Serbs started killing Croats

& Muslims.& Muslims.

The goal was to make the The goal was to make the SerbsSerbs the majority. the majority.

The Serbs called the killing of The Serbs called the killing of these minority groupsthese minority groups

““EthnicEthnic CleansingCleansing””

NATO NATO bombed the Bosnian bombed the Bosnian Serbs & ended the war.Serbs & ended the war.


In 1995, all of the groups in Bosnia signed a peace

treaty.

In 1999, Milosevic started ethnically cleansing Kosovo of Muslim

Albanians.

NATO attacked Yugoslavia & defeated Serbian-ruled

Yugoslavia.


In 2000, the people In 2000, the people ousted ousted Milosevic..

The United Nations The United Nations arrested him and to arrested him and to

him to the Hague to be him to the Hague to be tried for war crimes.tried for war crimes.

He died of natural He died of natural causes, before his trial causes, before his trial

ended.ended.

Modern RussiaModern Russia

The people of Russia have The people of Russia have experienced some changes experienced some changes

for the better.for the better.

Russia now has a Russia now has a democracy, , and businesses are and businesses are starting to flourish.starting to flourish.

Many problems still remain.Many problems still remain.

Crime rates are high and Crime rates are high and poverty is abundant. is abundant.

Modern RussiaModern RussiaThere is some political There is some political

instability in some parts of instability in some parts of Russia.Russia.

In the south western area of In the south western area of Russia lies Chechnya.Russia lies Chechnya.

The people of Chechnya want The people of Chechnya want to become independent of to become independent of

the Russian Federation.the Russian Federation.

Some say that many Some say that many atrocities are being atrocities are being

committed in the area committed in the area today.today.


With the fall of communism, With the fall of communism, people were more free to people were more free to embraced their cultural embraced their cultural

heritage.heritage.

Literature and art once Literature and art once outlawed by the Soviets outlawed by the Soviets

was now allowed.was now allowed.

People were able to practice People were able to practice their religions freely again.their religions freely again.

Modern RussiaModern RussiaThe Russian federation is a The Russian federation is a

democratic republic. republic.

The current President is The current President is Dmitry Medvedev.Dmitry Medvedev.

They also have a legislature They also have a legislature called thecalled the

““Duma”Duma”

Unfortunately, many sources Unfortunately, many sources point towards corruption in point towards corruption in

the government.the government.


Russia is a massive country.Russia is a massive country.

It has many valuable natural It has many valuable natural resources such as oil and resources such as oil and

timber.timber.

The fishing industry is a The fishing industry is a major contributor the major contributor the

Russian economy.Russian economy.

Russia also has a very Russia also has a very productive manufacturing productive manufacturing

industry.industry.

Modern RussiaModern RussiaRussia’s move from a Russia’s move from a command economy to a command economy to a

market economy has been market economy has been gradual.gradual.

Many have benefited.Many have benefited.

Those with less education & Those with less education & those living in small towns those living in small towns

find it hard to do well.find it hard to do well.

The majority of the The majority of the population in the Russian population in the Russian

Federation is what we Federation is what we would consider would consider

“poor”

Return to Our Return to Our Essential Questions….Essential Questions….

How did the How did the differing differing

philosophies of philosophies of the United the United

States and the States and the Soviet Union Soviet Union

after WWII lead after WWII lead to the Cold War? to the Cold War?

Aspect Under Communism After Communism

Government

Economy

culture

Government distributed Propaganda, controlled

the economy, & restricted

cultural activities

Controlled by government,

widespread poverty, private property is

seized

Many cultural celebrations outlawed, art censored, sports & space programs well

funded

Greater freedom for citizens, multi-party democracies (mostly

Parliamentary) in many eastern European

countries

Change to free market economies in eastern Europe (slow growth)

some inflation & unemployment

Writers given greater freedom, Freedom of religion, increased cultural freedom in

general

Soviet Control Of Daily Life Outlawed Cultural Celebrations Prohibited Native Languages Controlled...

Documents

Transcript of Soviet Control Of Daily Life Outlawed Cultural Celebrations Prohibited Native Languages Controlled...