SOVEREIGNTY AND SOVEREIGNTY AND THE CIVIL WARTHE CIVIL WAR

DIVIDED SOVEREIGNTYDIVIDED SOVEREIGNTY

Early viewsEarly views– Divine right of kingsDivine right of kings– Locke--consent of governedLocke--consent of governed

DIVIDED SOVEREIGNTYDIVIDED SOVEREIGNTY

U.S. ConstitutionU.S. Constitution– Within the national governmentWithin the national government

Checks and balancesChecks and balances

– Between levels of governmentBetween levels of governmentFederal, state, and localFederal, state, and local

Tenth AmendmentTenth Amendment

An on-going debate An on-going debate

SLAVERYSLAVERY

OriginsOrigins– Labor shortagesLabor shortages

indentured servants indentured servants

– The Constitutional debateThe Constitutional debateBecoming less importantBecoming less important

Morally offensiveMorally offensive

Constitutional compromisesConstitutional compromises

– The cotton ginThe cotton gin

How could anyone have justified slavery? How could anyone have justified slavery?

JustificationJustification

Racial differencesRacial differences

ReligionReligion

Making the best of a bad situationMaking the best of a bad situation

Attempts at CompromiseAttempts at Compromise

Problem: Slavery in Western TerritoriesProblem: Slavery in Western Territories

Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850 – California freeCalifornia free– Texas slaveTexas slave– New Mexico and Utah to decide laterNew Mexico and Utah to decide later

South--at statehoodSouth--at statehood

North--anytimeNorth--anytime

Failure of CompromiseFailure of CompromiseConstitution no helpConstitution no help– Not for sectional controversiesNot for sectional controversies

Supreme court no helpSupreme court no help– Dred Scott case (1857)Dred Scott case (1857)

Lived in Illinois & Wisconsin TerritoryLived in Illinois & Wisconsin Territory

IssuesIssues– Was he a citizen?Was he a citizen?– Did residency make him freeDid residency make him free

DecisionDecision

Political process no helpPolitical process no help– Violence in KansasViolence in Kansas– SectionalismSectionalism

CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR

Succession Succession – South Carolina 1stSouth Carolina 1st– Six others followSix others follow– Four more after war startsFour more after war starts– Four slave states remain with UnionFour slave states remain with Union

Fort Sumter (1861)Fort Sumter (1861)

Lincoln elected (1860)Lincoln elected (1860)– Minority of votesMinority of votes

AdvantagesAdvantages– North--resourcesNorth--resources– South--location and motivationSouth--location and motivation

Civil War (cont)Civil War (cont)

Civil War (cont)Civil War (cont)

DeathsDeaths

–Revolutionary War Revolutionary War 4,400 4,400

–War of 1812 2,300War of 1812 2,300

–Civil War 560,000Civil War 560,000

–WWI 116,000WWI 116,000

–WWII 407,000WWII 407,000

–Korean 39,400Korean 39,400

–Vietnam Vietnam 58,000 58,000

Civil War (cont)Civil War (cont)

EMANCIPATION EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATIONPROCLAMATION

Lincoln’s proposed solution (1862)Lincoln’s proposed solution (1862)– Assist states which free slavesAssist states which free slaves– Colonize in Central AmericaColonize in Central America

Proclamation (1863)Proclamation (1863)– Slaves freed only in areas in rebellionSlaves freed only in areas in rebellion– Not freed in states under union controlNot freed in states under union control

CONSEQUENCES OF CONSEQUENCES OF CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR

A “civil” endingA “civil” ending

13th Amendment--slavery abolished13th Amendment--slavery abolished

14th Amendment14th Amendment– Bill of Rights applies to the statesBill of Rights applies to the states– Equal protection under lawEqual protection under law– Citizenship for allCitizenship for all

15th Amendment--voting and race15th Amendment--voting and race

CONSEQUENCES OF CONSEQUENCES OF CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR

Federal government supremeFederal government supreme

THE ONGOING DEBATESTHE ONGOING DEBATES

Federal government vs. state’s rightsFederal government vs. state’s rights

Reparations for descendents of slavesReparations for descendents of slaves