Southern Europe Chapter 12. Iberian Peninsula Italian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula Southern Europe is...
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Transcript of Southern Europe Chapter 12. Iberian Peninsula Italian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula Southern Europe is...
Southern Europe
Chapter 12
Iberian Peninsula
Italian Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula
Southern Europe is also called Mediterranean Europe
Physical Features• Islands such as Crete
and Sicily• Peninsulas• Rugged mountains
such as the Pyrenees and Alps
• Coastal plains• River valley plains• Seas such as the
Adriatic
• Mediterranean climate• Warm sunny days, mild nights• Rain in the winter, little rain in the summer
Industries of Southern Europe
• Agriculture– Crops such as citrus fruits,
olives, wheat, and many other products
• Fishing– Fish and shellfish
• Tourism– Sunny beaches, breathtaking
scenery
Greece: The Birthplace of Western Culture
• Ancient Greeks were pioneers in– Art– Building– Literature– Science– Developed democracy
• As a result of Alexander the Great, Greek culture spread through Egypt and much of Southeast Asia
• http://youtu.be/YpKlUIDf4oY
History of Greece
• Foreign Rulers– The Roman Empire conquered and ruled Greece– Around 400, Greece became part of the Byzantine
Empire– The Muslim Ottoman Turks invaded Greece in the
1300s and 1400s• Independence– 1800s Greece revolted and won their freedom– Became a monarchy– It is now a democracy
Culture
• Greek language: one of the oldest languages spoken in Europe
• Most Greeks belong to the Orthodox Church, a branch of Christianity
• Greek cuisine consists of olives and lamb
• Family is important to Greeks
Village life often centers around the villiage square where people gather to chat and make decisions.
The Greek Economy
• Main industries– Shipping– Tourism
• Challenges– Few mineral resources– Relatively little farmland– pollution
Italy
• Italian history can be divided into three periods– Ancient Rome– The Renaissance– Unified Italy
Ancient Rome
• Founded in the 700s BC• Formed and empire that
stretched from Britain to the Persian Gulf
• Famous for art, literature, and political ideas
• Helped spread Christianity• http://youtu.be/juWYhMo
DTN0
Unified Italy
• 1861: Italy is unified as a country
• 1920s, Mussolini takes power – Dictator– Leads Italy into WWI
• Italy becomes a democracy after the war
Italy’s Culture
• Roman Catholic• Pope, lives in Vatican City,
an independent state within the city of Rome
• Olives, tomatoes, and pasta are common
• Home to some of the worlds greatest painters, sculptors, fashion designers, composers
Italy’s Regions
Northern Italy• Strong economy• Fertile farmland• Major industrial cities:
– Milan, Turin, Genoa
• Tourist sites– Florence, Pisa, Venice
Southern Italy• Poorer than the North• Depends heavily on
agriculture• Beautiful beaches and ruins• Capital city: Rome
Spain and Portugal• Located on the Iberian peninsula• Once part of the Roman Empire• The Moors, Muslims from North Africa, invaded
Iberia after Rome fell• They ruled the area for 600 years
Spain and Portugal
• By the end of the 1400s Christian rulers from Spain and Portugal banded together to drive the Moors from Iberia
• Spain and Portugal built huge empires that included lands in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas
• http://youtu.be/rZQG2bTwIqY
Cultures of Spain and Portugal
• Language: Spanish or Portuguese– The Basque people of northern Spain have their
own language and customs– Many of them want independence
• Religion: Roman Catholic• Music and art: Spanish flamenco– Muslim influence in architecture
• http://youtu.be/XNhfV_53W7A
Spain and Portugal Today
• Once the wealthiest countries in Europe– Due to gold and silver from the Americas– Result: They did not develop industrial economies– As colonies became independent, their source of
wealth dried up– They were unable to compete and became poor
• Today their economies are growing rapidly
Portugal Today
• Republic with elected leaders
• Lisbon is the capitol and largest city
• Agriculture is still important to the economy
• Portuguese farmers are famous for growing grapes and cork
Spain Today
• Spain is a parliamentary monarchy• Manufacturing is a major economic activity• Madrid and Barcelona are centers of industry,
tourism, and commerce
Visual Summary