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SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL1
Overview of the SAPP and the Energy Network in Southern Africa
www.sapp.co.zw
ByEng. Musara Beta
Chief Market AnalystSAPP Coordination Centre
Carbon Capture & Storage Workshop: Perspectives for the Southern Africa Region
Holiday Inn, Sandton, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA31 May 2011
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL2
1. INTRODUCTION TO SAPP
2. SAPP DEMAND & SUPPLY BALANCE
3. SAPP GENERATION MIX
4. TRANSMISSION NETWORK DEVELOPMENT
5. DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT
6. SAPP COMPETITIVE MARKET
7. CONCLUSION
CONTENTS
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL3
1. INTRODUCTION TO THE SAPP
Geographic
DR CongoTanzania
Zambia
Angola Malawi
Zimbabwe
MozambiqueBotswanaNamibia
South AfricaLesotho
Swaziland
12 Countries
230 Million people
Average Electricity growth rate 3% p.a. For South Africa
demand growth was 4.9% in 2007 and for whole region 4.6%.
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL4
Thermal Southern Network Thermal Southern Network
DRCDRC
TanzaniaTanzania
AngolaAngola
ZambiaZambiaMalawiMalawi
MozambiqueMozambique
ZimbabweZimbabwe
BotswanaBotswana
NamibiaNamibia
South AfricaSouth AfricaSwazilandSwaziland
LesothoLesotho
Hydro Northern NetworkHydro Northern Network
Motivation to SAPP Formation
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL5
No Full Name of Utility Status Abbreviation Country
1 Botswana Power Corporation OP BPC Botswana
2 Electricidade de Mocambique OP EDM Mozambique
3 Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi NP ESCOM Malawi
4 Empresa Nacional de Electricidade NP ENE Angola
5 ESKOM OP Eskom South Africa
6 Lesotho Electricity Corporation OP LEC Lesotho
7 NAMPOWER OP Nam Power Namibia
8 Societe Nationale d’Electricite OP SNEL DRC
9 Swaziland Electricity Board OP SEB Swaziland
10 Tanzania Electricity Supply Company Ltd NP TANESCO Tanzania
11 ZESCO Limited OP ZESCO Zambia
12 Copperbelt Energy Corporation ITC CEC Zambia
13 Lunsemfwa Hydro Power Company IPP LHPC Zambia
14 Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority OP ZESA ZimbabweOP = Operating MemberITC = Independent Transmission CompanyIPP = Independent Power ProducerNP = Non-Operating Member
Membership
CEC and LHPC private companies admitted following SAPP reforms
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL6
2. DEMAND AND SUPPLY SITUATION
No. Country Utility
Installed Capacity
[MW] As at Apr 2011
Available Capacity
[MW] Apr 2011
Installed minus
Available [MW]
2010 Peak Demand
[MW]
Capacity Required
[MW] 10.2%
Reserve
Deficit (MW)
1 Angola ENE 1,399 1,202 197 1100
2 Botswana BPC 202 190 12 553
3 DRC SNEL 2,442 1,170 1,272 1,081
4 Lesotho LEC 72 72 - 121
5 Malawi ESCOM 300 300 - 300
6 Mozambique EDM 233 174 59 560
HCB 2,075 2,075 -
7 Namibia NamPower 393 360 33 564
8 South Africa Eskom 44,170 41,074 3,096 36,705
9 Swaziland SEC 70 70 - 204
10 Tanzania TANESCO 1108 880 228 833
11 Zambia ZESCO 1,812 1,215 597 1,600
12 Zimbabwe ZESA 2,045 1,320 725 2,100
56,321 50,102 6,219 45,721 50,385 (283)
53,514 47,720 5,794 43,488 47,924 (204) Total Interconnected SAPP
TOTAL SAPP
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL7
SAPP Planned & Required Gen. Capacity
2014Critical
For Capacity
2016Critical
For Energy
Planned Capacity vs Forecast , MWAll SAPP Members
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
MW
Forecast Capacity Planned
Energy Planned vs Forecast , GWhAll SAPP Members
050000
100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
GW
h
Energy Forecast Energy Planned (GWh)
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL8
3. SAPP GENERATION MIX - Current
74.3% Coal
20.1% Hydro
4.0% Nuclear
1.6% Gas/Diesel
Available Capacity - 2010
Angola - 2%
DRC - 2.4%
Mozambique - 4.5%
South Africa - 82.5%
Zambia - 2.4%
Zimbabwe - 2.7%
Rest - 3.5%
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL9
Medium Term Outlook
Of the 28,462MW to be commissioned, approximately 80% will be coal and 12% hydro.
Technology MW %
Coal 22,786 80.1
Hydro 3,451 12.1
Gas 1,900 6.7
Diesel 160 0.6
Wind 165 0.6
TOTAL 28,462 100
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL10
The SAPP PLAN shows that 56,686 MW of new additional power generation capacity would be required by 2025 as follows:
Planned New Generation
The optimized plan includes no new nuclear.
Technology Capac ity [MW] Percentage [%]
Coal 23,883 42%
Hydro 18,045 32%
Nuc lear - 0%
Gas 2,164 4%
Diesel 12,594 22%
TOTAL 56,686 100%
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL11
SAPP Future Generation Mix
Technology Capac ity [MW] Percentage [%]
Coal 57,415 56%
Hydro 27,016 26%
Nuc lear 1,800 2%
Gas 2,732 3%
Diesel 13,908 14%
TOTAL 102,871 100%
In 2025, a total of 102,871 MW of generation would be required in the SAPP as follows:
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL12
4. TRANSMISSION PROJECTS
2013: Mozambique Malawi
2015:DRC - Angola – 400 kV
2014: Zambia - Tanzania - 400 kV
DRCDRC
TanzaniaTanzania
AngolaAngolaZambiaZambia
MalawiMalawi
MozambiqueMozambique
ZimbabweZimbabwe
BotswanaBotswana
NamibiaNamibia
South AfricaSouth Africa
SwazilandSwaziland
LesothoLesotho
2013: ZIZABONA -220/330 kV
2016: MOZAMBIQUE BACKBONE -RSA
2015: RSA Strengthening
2017: Namibia – Angola
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL13
Four technologies were planned:i. Compact florescent lamps (CFLs)ii. Solar Water Heaters (SWH)iii. Hot Water Load Control (HWLC),
and iv. Commercial Lighting
5. DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT
In 2010, 750MW of savings were realised with CFL programme against a target of 1400 MW
-
1,000.00
2,000.00
3,000.00
4,000.00
5,000.00
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year
Dem
and
Red
uct
ion
[M
W]
HWLC
Commercial Lighting
SWH
CFLs
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL14
6. SAPP COMPETITIVE MARKET OVERVIEW
SAPP DAM Market opened for live trading on 15 December 2009
Market performance highlights as of 31st April 2011
437,000 MWh Sale and 338,000 MWh Buy bids received
42,000 MWh was matched on the DAM trading platform
However only 29,000 MWh was traded or approximately 1% market share
The remainder could not be traded due to transmission constraints
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL15
Average Monthly Market Clearing Prices as of 31st Apr 2011
-
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
Dec
-09
Jan-1
0Fe
b-1
0M
ar-1
0Ap
r-1
0M
ay-1
0Ju
n-1
0Ju
l-10
Aug
-10
Sep
-10
Oct-
10No
v-1
0De
c-1
0Jan
-11
Feb
-11
Mar
-11
Apr
-11
Average Market Clearing Prices (MCPs) USD/MWhr
SOUTHERN AFRICAN POWER POOL16
7. CONCLUSION
SAPP is making efforts to reduce carbon emissions In the long-term, high cost coal will be displaced by
cleaner energy sources such as hydro, wind and solar Coal % to be reduced from 74% to 56%. Hydro % to be increased from 20% to 26% Wind and solar % to be increased from 0% to
approx. 0.5%
SAPP has reformed in line with world wide trends in the electricity sector To date SAPP has introduced a competitive power
market in the form of a Day Ahead Market Intends to introduce other markets incl. Carbon
markets