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Southend-on-Sea Borough Council

LAQM Progress Report 2014

Bureau Veritas

June 2014

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Date April 2014 April 2014 June 2014

Submitted to Elizabeth Georgeou Elizabeth Georgeou Elizabeth Georgeou

Prepared by Anna Czerska (Assistant

Consultant)

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Local Authority Officer

Elizabeth Georgeou

Department Regulatory Services

Address

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Floor 13 Civic Centre Victoria Avenue Southend-on-Sea SS2 6ER

Telephone 01702 215461

e-mail [email protected]

Report Reference number

Southend_APR_2014

Date June 2014

Bureau Veritas Southend-on-Sea Borough Council

LAQM Progress Report 2014 1

Executive Summary

Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 places a statutory duty on local authorities to

review and assess the air quality within their area and take account of Government

Guidance when undertaking such work. This Annual Progress Report is a

requirement of the Fifth Round of Review and Assessment and is a requirement for

all local authorities. The Report has been undertaken in accordance with the

Technical Guidance LAQM.TG (09) and associated tools.

This Annual Progress Report considers all new monitoring data and assesses the

data against the Air Quality Strategy objectives. It also considers any changes that

may have an impact on air quality.

The results from both monitoring and assessment of sources in the Borough indicate

the air quality objectives at locations of relevant exposure are being met.

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council have identified four biomass applications for

which full emissions and stack information were unavailable at that time. These

installations will be assessed in the next Updating and Screening Assessment.

Proposed actions arising from the 2014 Annual Progress Report are as follows:

Continue NO2 diffusion tube and continous monitoring in the Borough to

identify future changes in pollutant concentrations;

Continue to gather emission and stack information for the identified

biomass installations to determine their potential impact upon air quality;

Continue monitoring at Site SOU21 to confirm existing concentrations;

Proceed to the 2015 Updating Screening and Assessment.



Table of Contents

1 Introduction 4

1.1 Description of Local Authority Area 4

1.2 Purpose of Progress Report 4

1.3 Air Quality Objectives 5

1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 6

2 New Monitoring Data 7

2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 7

2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives 12

3 New Local Developments 18

3.1 Road Traffic Sources 18

3.2 Other Transport Sources 18

3.3 Industrial Sources 18

3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources 19

3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 20

4 Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy 21

5 Planning Applications 22

6 Air Quality Planning Policies 23

7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 24

8 Climate Change Strategies 26

9 Implementation of Action Plans 27

10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 28

10.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 28

10.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments 28

10.3 Proposed Actions 28

11 References 29



List of Tables

Table 1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England 5

Table 2 Details of Automatic Monitoring Site 9

Table 3 Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites 11

Table 4 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective 12

Table 5 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective 13

Table 6 Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2010 - 2013 15

Table 7 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Particulates (PM2.5) 16

Table 8 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Ozone: Comparison with Objectives 17

List of Figures

Figure 1 Chalkwell Park Automatic Monitoring station 8

Figure 2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites 10

Figure 3 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring

Sites 13

Appendices

Appendix A: Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QA/QC) Data

Appendix B: Monthly monitoring data


1 Introduction

1.1 Description of Local Authority Area

Southend-on-Sea is an Unitary Authority located in south Essex, thirty six miles from

London (in straight line) along the Thames Estuary and has a population of over

173,600 (2011 census), largely living in the main urban areas of Southend, Leigh,

Shoeburyness and Westcliff.

The main source of air pollution in the borough is road traffic emissions from major

roads, notably the A13, A127 and A1159. Other pollution sources, including

commercial, industrial and domestic sources, also make a contribution to background

pollution concentrations. Southend-on-Sea Borough Council has not declared any Air

Quality Management Areas (AQMA).

1.2 Purpose of Progress Report

This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM)

process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy

for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and

Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local

authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine

whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where

exceedences are considered likely, the local authority must then declare an Air

Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP)

setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly

Updating and Screening Assessment reports. Their purpose is to maintain continuity

in the LAQM process.

They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment

Reports, or to require as much effort. However, if the Progress Report identifies the

risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective, the Local Authority (LA) should

undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately, and not wait until the next round of

Review and Assessment.


1.3 Air Quality Objectives

The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air Quality

(England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), The Air Quality (England) (Amendment)

Regulations 2002 (SI 3043), and are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the

objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre µg/m3 (milligrammes per cubic

metre, mg/m3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year

that are permitted (where applicable).

Table 1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England

Pollutant Air Quality Objective Date to be

achieved by Concentration Measured as

Benzene 16.25 µg/m3 Running annual

mean 31.12.2003

5.00 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2010

1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual

mean 31.12.2003

Carbon monoxide 10 mg/m3 Running 8-hour

mean 31.12.2003

Lead 0.50 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a

year

1-hour mean 31.12.2005

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005

Particulate Matter (PM10)

(gravimetric)

50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a

year

24-hour mean 31.12.2004

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

Sulphur dioxide

350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more

than 24 times a year

1-hour mean 31.12.2004

125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year

24-hour mean 31.12.2004

266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more

than 35 times a year

15-minute mean 31.12.2005


1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

Round Date(s) Summary

1 1998-2001

Concluded that all AQS objectives would be met for all pollutants. Local exceedences of PM10 and NO2 were recorded at the busiest roads, however there were no nearby sensitive receptors. No AQMAs were declared.

2

2003 USA concluded that it was not necessary to declare any AQMAs within the Borough.

2004-2005

Progress Reports demonstrated that SBC met all AQS objectives No AQMAs were declared.

3

2006 USA concluded that AQS objectives would be met for all pollutants.

2008 Progress Report concluded that AQS objectives would be met for all pollutants at relevant receptor locations.

4

2009 USA identified exceedences of the NO2 AQS objective at two locations. Projection to the closest façade suggested the AQS objectives would be met at relevant receptor locations.

2010-2011

Progress Reports concluded that AQS objectives would be met for all pollutants at relevant receptor locations.

5 2012 USA identified exceedences of the NO2 AQS objective at two locations. Projection to the closest façade suggested the AQS objectives would be met at relevant receptor locations.

6 2013

2013 Progress Report recommended a review of the tube location at SOU23 where the annual mean result for 2012 was very close the objective but the site did not represent relevant exposure. Other recommendations included preparation of a local air quality strategy, which could help to improve local air quality – as monitoring in 2012 had identified sites with concentrations of NO2 within 10% (36µg/m3) of the objective.


2 New Monitoring Data

2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

This section provides details of monitoring carried out in 2013, the year covered by

this report.

One change in monitoring sites since the year 2012 was made as follows:

Diffusion tube site SOU23 at The Bell, Prince Avenue (junction of major

intersection), – was relocated to SOU33 at 122-124 Prince Avenue - in order

to make it representative of relevant exposure following the recommendations

of the 2013 Progress Report.

2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

A monitoring station has been located in Chalkwell Park since July 2001. This is an

urban background site and part of Defra’s Automatic Urban & Rural Network (AURN).

The station is located approximately 90 metres west of the nearest minor road,

Chalkwell Road, and about 160 metres south from the nearest major road, A13

London Road. The pollutants currently measured at this site include NO2,

particulates (PM2.5) and ozone (O3). Up to 30 September 2007, sulphur dioxide (SO2)

and carbon monoxide (CO) were also measured at this location.


Figure 1 Chalkwell Park Automatic Monitoring Station


Table 2 Details of Automatic Monitoring Site

2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Southend Council undertook monitoring at 16 nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube sites in

2013. Details of the monitoring sites are shown in Table 3, whilst their location is

provided in Figure 2.

During 2012 a number of changes to tube locations were made in order to locate all

tubes at sites of relevant exposure. Previous report (Progress Report 2013) should

be consulted to view those changes.

Following the recommendations of the 2013 Progress Report, one site – SOU23 at

The Bell, Prince Avenue (junction of major intersection), – was relocated in

December 2013 to SOU33 at 122-124 Prince Avenue - in order to make it

representative of relevant exposure.

Quality control procedures, including bias adjustment, are discussed in Appendix A.

Site Name Site Type OS Grid Ref (x,y)

Pollutants Monitored

In AQMA?

Relevant Exposure? (Y/N with

Distance (m) to Relevant Exposure)

Distance to Kerb of Nearest

Road (N/A if not Applicable)

Does This location

represent worst-case

exposure

Southend, Chalkwell

Park

Urban Background

585823, 186212

NO2, PM2.5, O3

No N 90.0 No


Figure 2 Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites


Table 3 Details of Non- Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site ID Site Type

X OS Grid Reference

Y OS Grid Reference

Site Height

(m)

Pollutants Monitored

In AQMA?

Is Monitoring Co-located

with a Continuous

Analyser (Y/N)

Relevant Exposure?

(Y/N with distance (m) from

monitoring site to

relevant exposure)

Distance to Kerb of Nearest

Road (m) (N/A if not applicable)

Does this Location

Represent Worst-Case

Exposure?

SOU18 Airport Roadside 587396 188670 2.5 NO2 N N N – 16.5 2.7 Y



SOU21 Roadside 587699 186681 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 3.0 Y


SOU23 Roadside 586993 187880 2.5 NO2 N N Y - 0 N












2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives

2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Automatic Monitoring Data

Ratified automatic monitoring results are presented below in

Table 4 and Table 5. As data capture was good during 2013 annualisation was not

required. Full details of the QA/QC procedure are provided in Appendix A.

Results indicate there have been no exceedences of the annual mean NO2 air quality

objectives or 1-hour NO2 objective in 2013.

Trends of pollution concentrations at this site indicate that nitrogen dioxide levels

levelled off during 2010-2012, before reducing again in 2013.

Table 4 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Location Within

AQMA?

Data Capture

for Monitoring Period %

Data Capture for Full

Calendar Year

2013 %

Annual Mean Concentrations (µg/m

3 )

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

AURN Chalkwell

Park Background

Site

N 95.2 95.2 24.0 22.3 22.3 22.3 20.3


Table 5 Results of Automatic Monitoring for NO2: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective

Location Within

AQMA?

Data Capture

for Monitoring Period %

Data Capture for Full

Calendar Year

2013 %

Number of Hourly Means >200µg/m3

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

AURN Chalkwell

Park Background

Site

N 95.2 95.2 0 0

(88ug/m3)

0 (82.5ug/m

3)

0 (82ug/m

3)

0

Where data capture for the year <90%, 99.8

th percentile of hourly mean shown in brackets.

Figure 3 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites


Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

The 2010 – 2013 annual mean NO2 concentrations recorded at the passive diffusion

tube monitoring sites in the Borough are shown in Table 6.

The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Gradko utilising the 20%

triethanolamine (TEA) in water preparation method. Full details of the bias

adjustment and QA/QC procedure are provided in Appendix A.

Data capture for all of the sites (apart from SOU33 where only one month of data

was available) was 75% or above so data annualisation was not required. The full

annual results from Site SOU33 will be presented in the report next year. The full

dataset (monthly mean values) is included in Appendix B.

Results from previous years are not available for many sites as during 2012

Southend Council made a number of changes to tube locations in order to locate all

tubes at sites of relevant exposure. Progress Report 2013 should be consulted to

view the changes made.

The annual mean NO2 objective was not exceeded at any of the diffusion tube sites

in the Borough during 2013. This confirms that the decision to relocate all tubes to

sites of relevant exposure, which had taken place in 2012, was fully justified.

The concentrations at SOU21 showed a large increase from 2012 concentrations but

still remained below the annual mean NO2 objective. As the 2013 result was very

close to the objective, further monitoring at this site is recommended to confirm

existing concentrations.

Following the recommendations of the 2013 Progress Report, one site – SOU23 at

The Bell, Prince Avenue (junction of major intersection), – was relocated in

December 2013 to SOU33 at 122-124 Prince Avenue - in order to make it more

representative of relevant exposure. However, as monitoring at SOU33 began in

December 2013 only one monthly result is available for the year. It was therefore

decided that the results from this site in 2014 should be used to determine the

requirement for a Detailed Assessment.


Table 6 Results of NO2 Diffusion Tubes 2010 - 2013

Site ID Within

AQMA?

Data Capture for full calendar

year 2013

Annual mean concentrations (µg/m3)

(Number of Months)

2010 (bias factor 1.03)




SOU18 Airport

N 9 34.4 33.5 24.8 31.8

SOU19 Airport

N 9 54.1 31.0 28.3 27.1

SOU20 Airport

N 10 - 32.9 30.7 29.5

SOU21 N 12 - - 33.9 39.2

SOU22 N 10 - - 24.9 24.9

SOU23 N 11 - - 39.7 32.4

SOU24 N 12 - - 31.6 31.8

SOU25 N 12 - - 29.7 31.2

SOU26 N 12 - - 37.0 36.3

SOU27 N 12 - - 22.4 24.2

SOU28 N 12 - - 34.7 34.1

SOU29 N 12 - - 22.7 27.8

SOU30 N 12 - - 24.3 29.9

SOU31 N 12 - - 30.3 30.1

SOU32 N 9 - - 26.7 27.4

SOU33 N 1 - - - 62.7 In bold, exceedence of the NO2 annual mean AQS objective of 40μg/m

3

2.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM10)

There was no PM10 monitoring carried out within the Borough in 2013. All previous

LAQM reports have identified that there is no likely exceedence of the PM10 AQS

objectives.

PM2.5 is monitored at the AURN background site, Chalkwell Park. PM2.5 objectives

have been set out in the UK Air Quality Regulations. Although there is no

requirement for local authorities to review and assess PM2.5 against these objectives

as part of the LAQM regime, results have been reported as recommended by

Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09).

The PM2.5 results indicate that levels are well below the target value of 25µg/m3 in

2013, similar to previous year.


Table 7 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Particulates (PM2.5)

Location Within

AQMA? PM2.5 Annual Mean 2013 *

Chalkwell Park AURN

Background No 10.7b

* As a comparison, the UK Air Quality Standard objective for PM2.5 is 25µg/m

3 (target value) for England

b Data capture was below 90% during 2013

2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

No monitoring of sulphur dioxide takes place in the Borough. All previous LAQM

reports have identified that there is no likely exceedence of the sulphur dioxide AQS

objectives.

2.2.4 Benzene

No monitoring of benzene takes place in the Borough. All previous LAQM reports

have identified that there is no likely exceedence of the benzene AQS objectives.

2.2.5 Other Pollutants Monitored (O3)

Continuous monitoring of O3 is undertaken at the Chalkwell Park AURN Background

monitoring site. O3 is a transboundary pollutant; the sources of O3 are frequently

spatially distant from the measured site of the concentrations. This pollutant is not a

prescribed air quality objective for LAQM purposes; however, it has been reported as

recommended by Technical Guidance LAQM TG(09).

The results from 2013 indicate the AQS objective for O3, of 10 8-hour running mean

exceedences of 100µg/m3 per year is being exceeded, similar to previous year.

The number of exceedences in 2013 increased significantly when compared to 2012

results, however the full number of potential exceedences in 2012 may have been

higher as there was only 88% data capture for O3 in 2012.


Table 8 Results of Automatic Monitoring for Ozone: Comparison with Objectives

Location Within

AQMA? Description

% Data capture

2013

Number of Exceedences

in 2012

Number of Exceedences

in 2013

AURN Chalkwell

Park Background

Site

No Maximum 8-hour

running mean > 100 µg/m

3

94.7 34 66

Exceedence of the ozone AQS objective: 8 hour mean of 100µg/m3 - 10 exceedences allowed per year.

2.2.6 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council has examined the results from monitoring in the

borough. Concentrations were recorded above the objectives however based on

further information, there is no need to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.


3 New Local Developments

3.1 Road Traffic Sources

Since the previous Review and Assessment report, there have been none of the

following new or newly identified developments:

Narrow congested streets with residential properties close to the kerb;

Busy streets where people may spend one hour or more close to traffic;

Roads with a high flow of buses and/or HGVs;

Junctions;

New roads constructed or proposed;

Roads with significantly changed traffic flows; or

Bus or coach stations.

3.2 Other Transport Sources


following new or newly identified developments:

Airports;

Locations where diesel or steam trains are regularly stationary for periods of

15 minutes or more, with potential for relevant exposure within 15m;

Locations with a large number of movements of diesel locomotives, and

potential long-term relevant exposure within 30m; or

Ports for shipping.

3.3 Industrial Sources

In 2013, the following installations were granted LAPPC permits:

Olympus Keymed - Powder Coating PG6/31;

W & H Roads Limited - Bulk cement PG 3/1;

Eastwood Service Station - Waste Oil Burner PG 1/1;

Bridge Paintwork - Waste Oil Burner PG 1/1;

Progress Road MOT Service Centre - Waste Oil Burner PG 1/1;

Forefront Utilities Limited - Waste Oil Burner PG 1/1;


Performance Coatings Limited - Surface Cleaning PG 6/45;

JAB Autos - Waste Oil Burner PG 1/1; and

Dolphin Motorsport Engineering - Waste Oil Burner PG 1/1.

A revocation of the Premiers Dry Cleaners PG 6/46 permit number 74/07 was also

announced in 2013.

These processes are not considered to be of a sufficient size to affect achievement

of the AQS objectives.

3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources

LAQM requires local authorities to consider the following:

Biomass combustion plant – individual installations;

Areas where the combined impact of several biomass combustion sources

may be relevant; or

Areas where domestic solid fuel burning may be relevant.

Biomass Combustion Plant – Individual Installations

Boston Council had identified four biomass installations which are over the 50kW

criteria for assessment.

These installations are:

Belfairs Academy, Highlands Boulevard, Leigh on Sea, SS9 3TG;

The Westborough School, McDonald Avenue, Westcliff on Sea, SS0 9BS

The Federation of Greenways Schools, Greenways, Thorpe Bay, SS1 3BS

Metal (Chalkwell Lodge – wood burner only) Chalkwell Park, Chalkwell

Avenue, Chalkwell, SS0 8NB

In order to undertake a screening assessment for the above installations, Boston

Council will liaise with the relevant stakeholders to obtain data regarding the

specification and design of the appliances.


3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources


following new developments:

Landfill sites;

Quarries;

Unmade haulage roads on industrial sites;

Waste transfer stations etc; or

Other potential sources of fugitive particulate emissions.

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council has identified the following local developments

which may impact on air quality in the Local Authority area.

Biomass Installations:

Belfairs Academy, Highlands Boulevard, Leigh on Sea, SS9 3TG;

The Westborough School, McDonald Avenue, Westcliff on Sea, SS0 9BS

The Federation of Greenways Schools, Greenways, Thorpe Bay, SS1 3BS

Metal (Chalkwell Lodge – wood burner only) Chalkwell Park, Chalkwell

Avenue, Chalkwell, SS0 8NB

These will be taken into consideration in the next Updating and Screening

Assessment when actual emissions data is available for these installations.


4 Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council have not published a Local Air Quality Strategy.

However they work as part of the Essex Air Quality Group and consideration of air

quality is made during discussions with this group.


5 Planning Applications

In 2013, permission was granted for the following developments with the potential to

impact upon local air quality:

Waste Transfer Station, Eastern Avenue (13/00055/BC3M); a revised planning

application will be submitted for this development and an Environmental

Impact Assessment will be undertaken.

Sainsbury’s Superstore, Roots Hall (11/01540/RESM).

The development of the Sainsbury’s Superstore at Roots Hall will not proceed until

the works have commenced on the associated development for a new Stadium at

Fossets Farm for Southend United Football Club.

The Council is also aware of the following potential future developments that could

impact upon local air quality:

Shoebury Garrison 14/00566/OUTM for 172 dwellings and 1500 m2 office

space.

Impacts will be considered in the planning process and as part of the ongoing LAQM

process.


6 Air Quality Planning Policies

No updates have been made to any policies impacting air quality in the Borough

since the previous round of review and assessment.


7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies

The Third Local Transport Plan (LTP3) 2011/12 - 2025/26 presents a medium to

long-term vision for transport within the Borough of Southend and sets high level

objectives and strategic priorities. The Borough of Southend does not have any

AQMAs as a result of pollution from transport, however there is still one policy within

LTP3 related to air quality (Policy 12: Maintain Air Quality). Policy 12 states that in

order to ensure that no AQMAs are declared from transport, an Air Quality

Assessment for development proposals will be required if the development will result

in increased congestion, significantly change the traffic composition in the area, such

as a large proportion of HGVs, include vehicle parks or affect nearby air quality

threshold limits. The policy also states that vehicles and modes with low carbon

dioxide levels will be promoted and air quality levels throughout the Borough will be

monitored.

A127 / B1013 Tesco Junction Improvement Scheme to commence September

14 until March 15 which is designed to ease congestion and support the

development of the London Southend Airport and ENVIRONS Joint Area

Action Plan (JAAP).

A127 / Kent Elms Junction Improvement Scheme which is designed to ease

congestion and support the development of the London Southend Airport and

ENVIRONS Joint Area Action Plan (JAAP).

A127 / Rochford Road and Hobbleythick Lane Junction Improvement Scheme

which is designed to ease congestion and support the development of the

London Southend Airport and ENVIRONS Joint Area Action Plan (JAAP).

A review of Victoria Gateway scheme has prioritised the A13 westbound

corridor to improve traffic flow and reduce waiting time for vehicles.

Additional work has been carried out by the council for local transport initiatives:

The Council has developed a Multi Modal Transport Model for the Borough

which developers have been expected to utilise as appropriate. The output

from this model informs as to whether further investigation into air quality and

mitigation measures are required;


The Council has been involved in the Plugged in Places project and has had

five electric vehicle charging posts installed across the Borough. The Council

is still liaising with the Plugged in Places company to install more at key

locations within the Borough and also to produce marketing material to

promote the use of electric vehicles; and

Further work on the benefits of Low Emission Zones (LEZ) within the Borough

is being investigated as part of the Area Action Plans.


8 Climate Change Strategies

On 4th September 2012 the Council approved its first Low-Carbon Energy Strategy,

which covers a two year period up until the end of 2014. The strategy promotes the

development of a low-carbon and more sustainable transport infrastructure. The

Council has launched a series of initiatives that will help achieve key targets for

sustainable transport (for example to reduce short car journeys (under 5 miles) by

10%) – the initiatives include Cycle Southend, Bike Friendly Cities, MoveEasy and

the recently launched Ideas in Motion, which aims to reduce congestion on the roads

in Southend in order to increase economic growth and improve air quality throughout

the Borough.


9 Implementation of Action Plans

Southend-on-Sea do not currently have any AQMA areas so there is no need at

present to develop a specific air quality action plan.


10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions

10.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data

The annual mean NO2 objective was not exceeded at the continuous monitoring site

or any of the diffusion tube sites in the Borough during 2013.

The concentrations at the SOU21 diffusion tube site showed a large increase from

2012 concentrations but still remained below the annual mean NO2 objective. Further

monitoring at this site is recommended to confirm existing concentrations.

10.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council have identified four biomass applications for

which full emissions and stack information were unavailable at that time. These

installations will be assessed in the next Updating and Screening Assessment.

10.3 Proposed Actions

Proposed actions arising from the 2014 Annual Progress Report are as follows:

Continue NO2 diffusion tube and continous monitoring in the Borough to

identify future changes in pollutant concentrations;

Continue to gather emission and stack information for the identified

biomass installations to determine their potential impact upon air quality;

Continue monitoring at Site SOU21 to confirm existing concentrations;

Proceed to the 2015 Updating Screening and Assessment.


11 References

AEA (2008) Diffusion Tubes for Ambient NO2 Monitoring: Practical Guidance for Laboratories and Users. Report to Defra and the Devolved Administrations.

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (2009) Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09).

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) (2009) Local Air Quality Management Policy Guidance LAQM.PG(09).

Southend Local Transport Plan 3 Strategy Document 2011-2026.

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Updating and Screening Assessment 2012.

Southend-on-Sea Borough Council Annual Progress Report 2013.


Appendices

Appendix A: Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QA/QC) Data

Appendix B: Monthly Monitoring Data


Appendix A: QA:QC Data

Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors

The diffusion tubes are supplied and analysed by Gradko utilising the 20%

triethanolamine (TEA) in water preparation method. A bias adjustment of 0.95 for the

year 2013 (based on 24 studies) has been obtained from the national bias

adjustment calculator1.

For previous data, years 2010 to 2012, the bias adjustment factors have been taken

from the Council’s previous LAQM annual reports. The factors used were 1.03

(2010), 0.93 (2011) and 0.97 (2012).

Discussion of Choice of Factor to Use No co-location studies are undertaken in the administrative area. As such the

national bias adjustment factors are used by the Council. The national factors have

been used in past LAQM reporting.

PM Monitoring Adjustment No PM10 monitoring is undertaken in the administrative area.

Short-term to Long-term Data adjustment

Data capture for all of the sites (apart from SOU33 where only one month of data

was available) was 75% or above so data annualisation was not required. The results

from Site SOU33 will be presented in the next year’s report.

QA/QC of Automatic Monitoring

The site is managed to the UK Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) QA

procedures and standards as the site.

1 1 National Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet, version 03/14 published in March 2014.


QA/QC of Diffusion Tube Monitoring

Gradko International Ltd is a UKAS accredited laboratory and participates in the

Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) for NO2 diffusion tube analysis

and the Annual Field Inter-Comparison Exercise. These provide strict performance

criteria for participating laboratories to meet, thereby ensuring NO2 concentrations

reported are of a high calibre. The lab follows the procedures set out in the

Harmonisation Practical Guidance. In the latest available WASP results, rounds 120

through to 123 (January to December 2013) Gradko International have scored 100%.

The percentage score reflects the results deemed to be satisfactory based upon the

z-score of < ± 2. Based on 24 studies, 96% of all local Authority co-location studies in

2013 were rated as ‘good’ (tubes are considered to have "good" precision where the

coefficient of variation of duplicate or triplicate diffusion tubes for eight or more

periods during the year is less than 20%).


Appendix B: Monthly monitoring data

Site Name

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec COUNT % Data Capture

AVERAGE BIAS

ADJUSTED

SOU18 43.2 30.1 26.1 27.2 31.9 29.4 32.5 36.2 45.0 9 75.0 33.5 31.8

SOU19 32.0 25.1 24.7 20.3 23.2 25.1 28.3 38.4 39.6 9 75.0 28.5 27.1

SOU20 34.8 24.6 25.2 23.6 26.4 24.5 35.8 32.2 43.2 39.7 10 83.3 31.0 29.5

SOU21 52.0 47.6 33.8 33.9 31.6 38.5 40.3 43.3 37.7 53.0 42.2 11 91.7 41.3 39.2

SOU22 28.6 27.5 21.9 15.6 23.4 23.6 28.5 34.2 32.8 9 75.0 26.2 24.9

SOU23 44.9 32.3 24.1 31.1 29.6 23.9 29.7 38.8 20.9 44.1 55.5 11 91.7 34.1 32.4

SOU24 39.0 37.1 29.1 30.1 29.7 23.9 33.4 30.7 38.1 31.7 37.4 41.4 12 100.0 33.5 31.8

SOU25 39.2 40.7 28.4 29.7 28.2 24.5 24.7 30.5 33.8 34.2 43.7 37.2 12 100.0 32.9 31.2

SOU26 46.6 42.5 31.3 31.2 32.2 27.2 35.9 36.4 39.1 43.9 41.3 50.4 12 100.0 38.2 36.3

SOU27 29.8 31.9 28.0 23.9 20.8 17.1 23.7 19.6 28.4 24.6 32.3 26.1 12 100.0 25.5 24.2

SOU28 39.7 40.3 33.6 32.8 25.8 32.8 33.3 40.8 36.7 40.8 38.4 11 91.7 35.9 34.1

SOU29 39.8 34.5 28.7 24.6 23.7 20.2 24.9 22.8 30.5 29.7 37.6 34.2 12 100.0 29.3 27.8

SOU30 39.4 47.1 33.6 31.7 16.8 22.5 27.1 24.6 32.9 32.0 36.6 33.4 12 100.0 31.5 29.9

SOU31 30.6 33.2 26.4 53.6 23.3 20.8 25.8 30.3 28.5 34.8 35.3 37.9 12 100.0 31.7 30.1

SOU32 30.6 28.6 19.9 24.0 26.2 30.2 29.4 36.5 34.4 9 75.0 28.9 27.4

SOU33 66.0 1 8.3 66.0 62.7

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