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Contents
Contents ............................................................................................................................................................ 2
Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
1. Reflections ................................................................................................................................................. 4
2. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1. Notes on the Review Process ........................................................................................................ 7
2.2. Big Picture Results ......................................................................................................................... 7
3. Real World Context .................................................................................................................................... 8
4. Key Outcomes and Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 9
5. Summarised Review................................................................................................................................. 11
6. Responding to the TOR in more depth. ................................................................................................... 12
7. Strengthening CEAGI Fisheries Strategy Delivery .................................................................................... 14
ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................................................... 18
ANNEX 1: Proposed Internal Exchange Schedule ............................................................................................ 19
ANNEX 2: Proposed External Schedule ........................................................................................................... 20
ANNEX 1: The Visits in Detail ........................................................................................................................... 21
Part 1. Engaging with Civil Society Organizations on Oceanic Fisheries Management - Lessons from the
Pacific Islands. ............................................................................................................................. 21
Part 2. Solomon Islands – Forum Fisheries Agency ................................................................................. 22
Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources - Chris Ramofafia, Permanent Secretary. .......................... 23
Meeting with WMPO Management in Moresby ..................................................................................... 24
Part 3. Legaspi, Tiwi Municipality and Sugod Village, Philippines ........................................................... 24
Part 4. Dr Jose Ingles and Katherine Short to CEA Marine Strategy Review in Dar Es Salaam and field
visit to Zanzibar Fish Market. ................................................................................................................... 24
ANNEX 2. Story - WWF South to South Internal Peer Review and Exchange ................................................. 25
ANNEX 3. Terms of Reference ......................................................................................................................... 27
ANNEX 4. Visit Schedule .................................................................................................................................. 31
ANNEX 5. Participant Biographies ................................................................................................................... 33
ANNEX 6. Monsoon Dialogues......................................................................................................................... 35
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Acronyms
ABNJ Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
AIPCE European Fish Producers Association
CDS Catch Documentation Scheme
CEAGI Coastal East Africa Global Initiative
CORDIO Coastal Oceans Research and Development in the Indian Ocean
CSO Civil Society Organisation
CTGI Coral Triangle Global Initiative
DANIDA Danish Government Aid Agency
EAWS East African Wildlife Society
EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone
FFA Forum Fisheries Agency
GAA Government Aid Agency
HMAS Her Majesty’s Australian Ship
IGO Inter-governmental Organisation
IO Indian Ocean
IOTC Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature
ISSF International Seafood Sustainability Foundation
MCS Monitoring, Control and Surveillance
MFARMC Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Committee
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MSG Melanesian Spearhead Group
MTI Market Transformation Initiative
MWIOPO Madagascar and Western Indian Ocean Programme Office
PO Programme Office
PIF Pacific Island Forum
PNA Parties to the Nauru Agreement
PNG Papua New Guinea
PPTST Partnership Programme Towards Sustainable Tuna
RFMO Regional Fisheries Management Organisation
RFSC Regional Fisheries Surveillance Centre
SIDA Swedish International Development Agency
SIMFMR Solomon Islands Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources
SFI Smart Fishing Initiative
SHG Shareholder Group
SPPO South Pacific Programme Office
SWIOFC South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission
TCC Technical Conservation Committee
TUFAK Kenya Tuna Fisheries Advocacy Network
WCPFC Western Central Pacific Fisheries Commission
WIOMSA Western Indian Ocean Marine Sciences Association
WMPO Western Melanesian Programme Office
NB: this report is accompanied by a powerpoint presentation of photos, maps, and explanatory
diagrams.
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1. Reflections
These reflections were written after the Philippines field trip by participants.
Domingos: It was really very good meeting you all. Now I feel
part of a larger group and mainly that my thoughts, which I usually
thought were from a newcomer and, therefore, more salty or sweeter than
expected, are after all part of WWF thinking. This made me more secure
and firm in working for this organization. Thank you all for this and
please let’s keep more and more together. I know the work will always try
to separate us, but we should consciously try to be together, not only for
the benefit of our work, but mainly for the achievement of the WWF
goals.
Edward: I would like to take this time to sincerely thank all of you, in
particular Jingles for allowing us the opportunity to learn from the tuna
project, as well as interact with your staff and the stakeholders.
Katherine, thanks for making the trip happen, you put in a lot more effort
to ensure that we have the necessary briefing and documentation for the
trip. Seremaia, you had to make sure that our trip to Solomon Island is a
success. Mark, it was nice meeting you, we have a lot to do together in
your programme. I’m quite confident that the peer review is going to be mutually beneficial to the
CTI and CEAI fisheries programmes.
Seremaia: This first “south-south tour de tuna” has been quite an
enriching experience, in particular the face to face meetings and
discussions among the group. I started my S2S experience with a visit to
WWF CEA (Tanzania) where I not only shared our CSO engagement
experience at WWF SPPO but where I also learned about the engagement
among WWF CEA, CSOs, IGOs and the Ministries of Fisheries from the
region represented by their Directors. Seeing them in the same room at
the end of a 3-day workshop and agreeing to work together on fisheries
management and conservation issues was quite an eye-opener. The
workshops were organized by WWF CEA and the participation of the
countries and the nature of the discussions reflected to me the high regard
and respect that the participants have for the WWF CEA staff and the work that they are doing.
Domingos and Edward – I believe that there will be an opportunity to visit the FFA. I'm
sorry you weren't able to make the trip to the Solomon Islands, however, the goodwill that has been
built with them should augur well for further visits. There were a number of contributing factors
that hindered your ability to travel to Honiara and these are important learning lessons logistically.
Thank you sincerely for hosting me during my brief attendance at the CSO workshop in Dar Es
Salaam.
Mark – great to finally meet you, and I look forward to continued discussions on common
offshore fisheries concerns.
Jingles and Adon – it was great to experience first-hand what the FIP is about and where
you plan to see it go. And to be able to share a meal of boiled fresh tuna, tuna soup, and kinilaw
(raw fish dish) with the Sugod fishing community was very special.
Katherine – thank you for being the “glue” and for facilitating this first S2S tour de tuna.
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Mark: To my new S2S colleagues: Katherine, Jingles, Seremaia, Edward and Domingos, I want to
thank you and the rest of the WWF Phils team for such wonderfully powerful experience and
knowledge exchange! It was really great to meet you all and learn more about your regional
situations and challenges.
I look forward to working with you all in the future and
sharing/participating where ever and whenever possible. I feel, through
this experience, we were able to set a sound foundation upon which we can
build and work to enhance each of our respective programs. Through this
team synergy and unity, we stand to create a strong force for sustainable
use, conservation and equity across our oceanic regions.
I feel my colleagues back home think I had “too much” fun). Truth is, it
was a wonderful and fun journey! However my smile, (still smiling), is
due to the combination of the fun we had talking together, but more
importantly the feeling of admiration and inspiration instilled in me from
this new S2S team network!
Thanks again Katherine, Seremaia Edward, Domingo and Jingl es for this incredible
induction into WWF and wonderful work you all did to make this S2S function such a super
success!; )
Jingles: What this S2S team did was the building of a team spirit between
and amongst us, with Mark Schreffler, Edward and Domingos, Seremaia,
Adon, Katherine. This few days together allowed us to interact, think and
created a solid foundation and agreement how we want to work together in
the future, looking at Indian and Pacific oceans as a venue for this
cooperation.
Thanks a lot to Peter, Lida, Jackie and, of course, to you, Katherine,
whose enthusiasm continued all throughout the trip. Saying it was a great
trip is surely an understatement.
Katherine: This was one of the most fulfilling weeks of my WWF
conservation career. From the oldest colleague, Jingles to the newest Mark,
I am proud to be able to support this team to do more powerful fisheries
conservation work. Elisabeth, Peter and Lida’s vision in trusting us to
make South to South happen was highly motivating and inspirational and
extending this to external networks is challenging and exciting. How
everyone pulled together to overcome the challenges involved in making
this happen was terrific and showed that a group of truly committed
professionals, who know the value, skills and ideas that we each can bring
– when together was excellent. Thank you all for making this possible and for your commitment to
using what we’ve developed so far and to building the next round!
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2. Executive Summary
WF recently conducted an intensive internal peer review and capacity building exercise,
themed S2S (South 2 South), suggested by WWF Denmark and the CEA NI leader to
review the fisheries strategies of WWF’s Coastal East Africa Initiative and to lay a
foundation for network knowledge exchange from the Indian through to the South
Pacific ocean regions. WWF Denmark’s thematic programme funded by DANIDA (the Danish Aid
Agency) provides funding support to the Coastal East Africa Initiative and also supported this
exchange. Rather than hiring external consultants, an internal staff exchange was designed to
conduct the review and build capacity. Although WWF Western Melanesian Programme Office
(WMPO) was not originally included, given one capacity building visit was to the Forum Fisheries
Agency in the Solomon Islands, (within the WMPO Regional Tuna Fisheries Project), and that the
position was filled in time, the relevant officer, Mr Mark Schreffler was included.
The review was conducted through four staff peer review exchanges:
1. Pacific Lessons in Building Civil Society Organisation Sustainable Fisheries Awareness
- Mr Seremaia Tuqiri, Fisheries Programme Officer, WWF South Pacific Programme Office
contributed to the CEA Civil Society Organisation fisheries awareness raising capacity
building workshop in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. (October 2011)
2. Building Staff Capacity about Monitoring, Control and Surveillance and
understanding the Solomon Island Context - Seremaia, Mr Mark Schreffler, Fisheries
Officer, WWF WMPO and Katherine Short, S2S Facilitator, visited the Forum Fisheries
Agency’s Regional Fisheries Surveillance Centre in Honiara and met the Permanent
Secretary of the Solomon Island Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources Dr Chris
Ramofafia. (November 2011)
3. Tuna Handline Project Field Site Visit - Seremaia, Mark and Katherine joined the Head of
CEA’s Marine Programme, Mr Domingos Gove, the CEA Fisheries Officer, Mr Edward
Kimakwa and Dr Jose (Jingles) Ingles, Coral Triangle Tuna Strategy Leader in the
Philippines and travelled to Legaspi City to visit a field project. Joe Pres Gaudiano (Adon),
Project Manager hosted this along with the local WWF team and facilitated to visits to the
Partnership Programme Towards Sustainable Tuna (PPTST) in Sugod village, a field site
tuna handline fishery participating in a supply chain funded fishery improvement project.
This is co-funded from a range of sources including WWF Denmark. Meetings were also
held with the Mayor Villanueva of Tiwi and the local Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources Management Council (MFARMC) (November 2011).
4. CEAGI Marine Strategies Review and Fish Market Field Visit - Katherine Short and Dr
Jose Ingles participated in the CEAGI Marine Strategies Review designed to get bottom up
and top down integration of the national, regional and international WWF fisheries and
marine conservation strategies. This was followed by 1.5 days of detailed discussions with
W
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the CEAGI core marine team (including 1 day with MWIOPO) as well as a field visit to
Zanzibar – see fish market visit below. (February 2012)
2.1. Notes on the Review Process
S2S is an exchange to review sustainable fisheries strategies, including sustainable seafood
tools. Whilst clearly within a marine conservation context, this exercise is not a full marine
strategy review.
The Terms of Reference specified a 20 page report reviewing each Initiative. A compiled
report has been produced to better reflect the shared review and learning process.
Furthermore, as both the external and internal fisheries strategy and management situations
in South East Asia and the Western Pacific are more advanced than the Western Indian
Ocean, more emphasis fell on reviewing the CEAGI fisheries strategies.
Coastal East Africa programme field site review visits were not possible due to the limited
time availability of key staff and especially the workload of the CEAGI team.
At the inception of this review, the full, February, CEAGI/MWIOPO marine strategy review
meeting was not foreseen. The review enabled this meeting to occur, country programme
marine staff to meet for the first time and briefly introduced the country programmes to
review participants - which can be built on in future.
Without effective WWF global marine programme communications, it has become
necessary to develop alternative network sharing and communication fora. S2S is providing
this crucial service. The challenge is to translate this investment into stronger conservation
delivery in both regions.
This report is a summary only and considerably more detailed notes were taken and
provided to participants.
2.2. Big Picture Results
Key shared goals identified through this South to South Exchange include:
1. Seeking greater fisheries sustainability
2. Meaningfully incorporating social justice
3. Grounding our work in local political and governance contexts
4. Building in triple bottom line measures
5. Facilitating and supporting government and industry exchange
6. Using Market Incentives
7. Internal exchange and sharing
8. Fostering and building capacity for WWF network policy leadership on pertinent regional
fisheries issues.
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3. Real World Context
he connections across the Indian Ocean and through South East Asia reach back millennia
as seafarers voyaged trading spices, fish and textiles. Fishing vessels continue to come to
the rich waters of the Western Indian Ocean to fish from both North and South East Asia as
well as from Europe. Vessels from these countries (Japan, Korea, Taiwan/Chinese Taipei,
China, the US, Spain and France) as well as a range of others under different flags also fish in the
Western Pacific. Thus today, there are parallel challenges to fisheries management and sustainable
livelihoods, as well as conservation and sustainable management opportunities in both the Western
Central Pacific and Western Indian Oceans. This especially relates to tuna fisheries and the
increasing need and desire of the nations in whose waters the fish occur, to benefit more from their
fisheries resources.
WWF recognizes these connections through this programme of exchange between staff from as far
afield as Fiji, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Madagascar and Tanzania we aim to
learn, share and scale up conservation delivery. Given the successful internal exchanges developed
to date, we are scoping whether to extend this to leaders in fisheries management in government,
civil society organisations committed to justice, equity and sustainability and responsible, legitimate
seafood business actors.
These, primarily tuna fisheries resources have been heavily fished for several decades by mostly
distant water fleets. Some of these distant water fleets are subsidised and WWF is endeavouring to
get to the bottom of this in several regions and countries relevant to the Indian Ocean including
CEA, China and Indonesia. Furthermore, Indonesia is seeking increased fishing opportunities in the
Indian Ocean, especially after the Tsunami. In the Western Central Pacific, a political grouping
known as the Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA) (Federated States of Micronesia, Kiribati,
Marshall Islands Nauru, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu), began a process
several years ago to start to tip the scales in their favour. They have set in train a number of
significant political, technical and financial measures to secure greater returns from their tuna
resources as well as to begin to address the significant fisheries management challenges that are
present. This involves scaling up their efforts to encourage the relevant Regional Fisheries
Management Organisation (RFMO), the Western Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
to improve its management of these resources also. In concrete terms, this is resulting in a
significantly increased price per day for any industrialised vessels to fish for tuna in their waters.
Although WWF acknowledges there are significant regional political, geographic and economic
differences between these regions, a fundamental similarity exists. This is that these Western
Pacific countries and those of the Western Indian Ocean want and need to secure the resources
within their EEZ’s and to influence the development and sustainability of fishing on the high seas –
a critical element not to be ignored. This is also a case of nations seeking to self-determination over
their fisheries resources and by doing so, securing the maximum return from the efficient,
sustainable and controlled management of these important fisheries.
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Today, far from being an uncaring distant actor, the market and the many actors within it, are a
major driving force and supportive tool for the sustainable management of fisheries resources.
There are major buyers who explicitly support the right of countries to determine how the benefits
of sustainable fisheries are domesticated i.e. the value from sustainably managed fisheries returns to
the country where it’s caught.
Recently, the largest skipjack tuna fishery in the world was successfully certified by the Marine
Stewardship Council (MSC). This is under the framework of the PNA and recognises the significant
steps they have taken in the last 3-4 years to modernise the relevant tuna fisheries management
frameworks. Although a lot remains to be done within the PNA and at the WCPFC, the MSC
provides an independent, transparent and supportive mechanism to encourage this. Furthermore,
through the process of certification, they have gained confidence to exert greater collective strength
to bring the negotiations with the United States over the US Multi-lateral Treaty (for tuna) onto a
playing field that first serves the region and the sustainability of the fish.
4. Key Outcomes and Recommendations
4.1. Along with team building, sharing of common issues and work programme review, key
internal challenges were identified. Most importantly these regional/on-the-ground programmes
need to exert stronger policy positions in network fisheries discussions, notably with the Smart
Fishing and Market Transformation Initiatives. This is crucial to successfully establish and
deliver the network’s entire Indian and Pacific Ocean Tuna strategies. There are significant
fisheries management improvement objectives shared by the CEA, CT, SF and MT Global
Initiatives. These shared goals need to be restated (reducing overcapacity and overfishing,
managing bycatch, and using MSC) to identify the few areas where more subtle interpretation
is needed for the regional contexts. This requires returning to consider the principles of
conservation and sustainable development, fairness and equity and their different relevance in
each region. This needs to take account of the afore described changing global politics and how
this will affect key seafood sector actors in Europe and North America in particular.
4.2. Common issues SPPO, WMPO and CEAGI note to ensure greater conservation delivery in
partnership with the SFI/MTI are:
a. The new SFI/MTI funded RFMO coordinators must fully integrate with the immediate
local teams as well as regionally and internationally – top-down approaches will risk local
external relationships and workplan success.
b. The need to improve day to day work practices of SFI on tuna to fully mainstream the
existing local knowledge, experience and existing, approved work programmes.
Repeatedly raised in 2011, this is now urgent and important.
c. With the Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) project approval, as well as other
proposals and proposal opportunities, we must quickly raise the levels of trust, comfort and
efficiency in the network – especially in order to continue to raise funding.
d. If the above issues are addressed, the new RFMO coordinator resources will provide
excellent ‘meeting ground’ for the international and regional work allowing the regional
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programmes to focus on more effectively mobilizing regional countries in fisheries
management.
4.3. Monitor and manage 1. more closely through establishing a South to South Leaders Forum
including the heads of CT, CEA, WMPO and SPPO (respectively: Lida Pet-Soede, Peter
Scheren, Neil Stronach and Kesaia Tabunakawai) to strengthen this collaboration, assert policy
leadership and ensure coherent input to the SFI SHG – Lida is a member.
4.4. Sustain this S2S platform to enable continual coherence and synergy across related work
programmes. We are increasing the frequency of communication between these teams and a
newsletter article and powerpoint presentation have been prepared. A draft exchange schedule
has been designed and proposed to continue the internal exchange and to establish an external
exchange process, initially called the Tour de Tuna and renamed Monsoon Dialogues.
4.5. To strengthen the CEAGI programme:
a. Ground the offshore fisheries work in domestic contexts through fisheries improvement
sustainable livelihood work and CSO engagement,
b. Enable Fisheries Director capacity building through exchange with the Western Pacific,
c. Scale up CSO engagement to support 4a. and build capacity for CSO engagement in
domestic and regional fisheries policy, and,
d. Scale up CEAGIs seafood business engagement and capacity to use WWF network
sustainable seafood intelligence (e.g. Pescanova in Mozambique and ISSF members
regionally).
4.6. To strengthen the CTGI:
a. Enable key staff (Dr Jose Ingles) to actively mentor colleagues on technical tuna fisheries
and sustainability innovation (allocate time in FY13 workplan),
b. Support WMPO to facilitate elements of the Monsoon Dialogues with the PNA, and,
c. Ensure continual exchange between these offices on especially civil society experience and
seafood business engagement.
N.B –these are specifics new areas to strengthen and/or consider and assume that they would be
built on normal use of the WWF sustainable fisheries and seafood fisher toolbox including
strengthening fisheries management and policy.
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5. Summarised Review
Review Questions Our Response
These are brief summaries of the detailed discussion of the key Terms of Reference themes.
5.1 Design: are the
strategies (including
the methodological
approaches and
organisational/partn
ership
arrangements)
appropriate to
achieve their
objectives?
Yes: each team using WWF tools: policy, seafood business engaging,
events, political fora. Programmes have clear, different strengths i.e.
Coral Triangle: most advanced across most aspects: created
Coral Triangle Initiative (intergovernmental), Seafood Savers,
innovating with seafood business: Tuna Think Tank: business,
government, NGO and bringing in science and academia.
WWF SPPO: depth in community service organisation
engagement across broad region, culturally, geographically,
politically. Significant experience at WCPFC (tuna governance).
CEAGI: important new work re. understanding tuna economics
and value and bringing that information into political fora
domestically and regionally.
Each programme wants to learn from each other. More use needed of
formal partnerships, especially seafood business via. MOUs & using
milestones and policy collaboration in regional and international for a
5.2 Implementation: what progress has
been made in
implementing the
strategies? In
particular, what are
the successes,
weaknesses and
lessons learned?
Overall these offices are advancing tuna conservation. Significant
advance across the board with PNA Skipjack Tuna fishery MSC
certification. Conditions robust and strengthened by ISSF objection.
WMPO led, supported by WWF CTGI & SPPO engaging PNA re.
implementing conditions and relevant political fora (CTI, MSG, PIF,
WCPFC) support. Will generate significant interest in tuna fisheries
seeking MSC certification and WWF will be asked: ‘how to’.
Relevant for CEAGI & SPPO re. Maldives skipjack and Fiji
Albacore seeking MSC .
Although clearly aligned elements with SFI/MTI, there remain some
key weaknesses including confusion and lack of agreed agenda
between the regional and international tuna fisheries programmes.
5.3 Way forward:
what
recommendations
can be identified to
improve the
effectiveness of
delivery of the
strategies and their
implementation,
including
opportunities for
future collaboration
between the two
GIs?
The two new RFMO coordinators, funded by SFGI/MTGI (SIDA
money) placed in SPPO and the Seychelles (under MWIOPO)
should greatly improve this.
Field offices need moral and capacity support to take a more
assertive leadership position around key points of policy and the
strategic tactics that need to be employed to deliver conservation
wins.
Targeted policy development around food security, livelihoods and
using the domestication of the value from tuna to improve marine
health is urgent and important. The SD4C network needs to urgently
support/facilitate this.
Focussed seafood business engagement capacity support (training,
analyses, meeting businesses) needed in CEA and SPPO.
6. Responding to the TOR in more depth. 6.1.To what extent are the CEAGI and CTGI fisheries strategies likely to lead to the
following outcomes?
Sustainable management of fisheries resources (including production, trade & investment
patterns)?
Enhanced national and regional fisheries governance frameworks and policies?
Increased national / regional revenues?
Improved livelihoods for the poorer segments of society?
These Initiatives use the WWF fisheries conservation toolbox – field work, market engagement,
policy strengthening, partnerships with government, civil society and industry, science etc. As the
Coral Triangle Network Initiative was one of the first to be developed, it has ~3 more years of
experience that the CEAGI is benefitting from through collaboration on a range of levels, including
through S2S. These are also now complimented by new momentum and resourcing coming from
the Global Tuna Strategy under the Smart Fishing and Market Transformation Initiatives including
the two new RFMO coordinators and the new SFGI IO Tuna Working Group. There are significant
synergies between these global and regional tuna strategies as well as important differences unique
to each region and developing country commonalities in the Western Pacific and Western Indian
Ocean. The PNA is discussed above and although causality is always difficult to determine
definitively, WWFs work across South East Asia and the Western Pacific played a significant role
in enabling this: establishing the Coral Triangle with tuna as a key strategy and supporting tuna
fisheries management and civil society engagement in key Western Pacific countries. Lastly, the
ISSF’s objection to the MSC certification strengthened the certification conditions.
Likelihood is difficult to quantify and through S2S careful evaluation is underway of what tools and
CT experience can be readily adopted and what strategies and activities need redesign to adapt to
unique CEA characteristics.
6.2.What opportunities are there to collaborate between CEA- and CT to strengthen tuna
governance at both the country/domestic and in the RFMOs?
Collaborate and adapt methodologies to bring the PPTST model to the WIO.
Enable Fisheries Director capacity building through exchange with the Western Pacific.
WIO Fisheries Directors need empowerment to build the skills, confidence, experience and
resources to secure greater benefits from the fisheries they manage.
With the SF and CT GIs, the CEAGI will build the Indian Ocean Tuna working group to
amongst other things, increase WWF’s participation in the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
and domestic tuna management processes. Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand are important
focal countries for CT and SF GIs to focus on in the Eastern Indian Ocean.
Share intelligence and experience about how the ISSF works in-region and in-country to
build local and regional relationships with ISSF members and support SF and MT GI
objectives.
There are likely to be common tuna trade actors also that need to be identified. The Bangkok
Tuna conference is an important opportunity to do this.
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6.3.What commonalities and learning are there between the two programmes with respect to
the issues of the countries seeking sovereignty over especially the allocation of tuna
resources and the coastal state aspirations to secure greater domestic benefit and value
from these fisheries?
o See 3. Context and discussion of internal challenges.
6.4.What methodologies and practices for including and assessing livelihood improvement
aspects of the fisheries work in CTGI and CEAGI can be identified, what are the benefits
for coastal communities and how can the WWF focus on this aspects be improved
through peer exchange of experience?
o Answered above in terms of adopting and adapting the Philippine FIP model.
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7. Strengthening CEAGI Fisheries Strategy
Delivery
The following specifics were identified and summarised at the February Marine Strategy Review
meeting. They are premised on the reality that the CEAGI Fisheries Strategies are currently quite
broad and require greater focus. The points below were identified as mechanisms to focus and
deepen the work and are also premised on the CEAGI successfully raising the capacity of the CEA
national programmes to engage in policy, civil society and fisheries improvement work. Dr Jose
Ingles and Katherine Short were careful to point out that this process of evolving the NO/PO marine
programmes in the Coral Triangle is gradual, ongoing and greatly enhanced by having had 3 annual
review meetings with full participation of NO/PO marine staff. The CEAGI has had a first meeting
to begin the process of staff meeting, sharing and coming up to speed on common issues. Over a
period of 2-3 years, if carefully guided and resourced, this can result in more focussed country
office work programmes that more effectively deliver on the CEAGI strategies and also ground the
CEAGI in the domestic realities.
Specific areas of future focus for CEAGI are:
7.1 Ground the offshore fisheries work in domestic contexts through fisheries
improvement sustainable livelihood work. The Philippine Programme Towards Sustainable Tuna
(PPTST) partnership project excellently builds on WWF’s generic fisheries improvement model in
incorporating the suite of key social elements that are necessary to ensure the sustainable fisheries
momentum is fully grounded in a developing world, local, socio-economic context. This is essential
to sustain the management and livelihood improvements in the long term. These unique elements
include:
Designing in specific socio-economic development aspects such as training those running
the fisheries businesses and fish marketing in book-keeping and small-business
management.
Ensuring the project doesn’t disturb the general social framework including the dominant
role of women in owning the boats, running the fishing businesses and marketing the
bycatch locally.
Improving fish handling practices such that there is already a 20% increase in quality. The
fishers/and women are being trained in quality identification so they can grade the fish
themselves. This is being coupled with providing Manila fish price information so that they
can know and negotiate a fair price for their fish.
Monitoring the use of child labour in the project sites.
Building an entirely new fish traceability and catch documentation system to follow the
individual tuna fish from the boat to the market.
Scoping new technologies to keep the catch fresh – energy efficient chillers etc
Designing sustainable financing mechanism into the programme to produce operational
funds for fisheries improvement once the initial donor funds are expended.
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CEAGI has been using the WWFUS Fisheries Improvement Project model in Mozambique
(shrimp), Kenya (lobster) and Tanzania (octopus), has had some success and still faces some
challenges; i.e. the Kenyan lobster project has stalled. The need to develop a baitfish management
plan in the Maldives in order to prepare for skipjack tuna MSC certification is another opportunity.
CEAGI with CTGI’s support will seek to conduct a rapid assessment of these projects to find
solutions to their individual challenges as well as to more systematically design future fisheries
improvement work explicitly within, and to improve the local socio-economic context. This rapid
assessment would answer the question: how and where can the Philippine model, experience and
techniques be adopted and adapted in the WIO? Discussions concluded that it is not essential to
focus on tuna but this can be determined through the rapid assessment.
Another major issue related to the need to better engage with coastal, artisanal and domestic
fisheries is the need to quantify the artisanal tuna catch. Some estimates (IOTC pers .comm.) put
this at ~30%. With the amount caught being such a crucial determinant in setting catch quotas and
therefore allocation – a current and hot political force – that getting to grips with this is becoming
urgent and important. WWF understands there could actually be quite a lot of data collected by the
Japanese to date and held by IOTC. This could be reviewed, ground-truthed and augmented where
necessary if the required resources could be secured. WWF CEAGI/MWIOPO believe there would
be opportunities to partner with other organisations to both fund and conduct this exercise. This
could be another mechanism through which to engage community service organisations and build
their capacity to engage with fisheries. ICSF (International Collective in Support of Fishworkers) is
a specific NGO, based in India, to consider.
The above mentioned study could be designed to answer some key questions WWF in order to
identify possible fisheries improvement sites including: are the WIO small-scale tuna fisheries
being impacted by industrial fisheries? How important are small-scale fisheries (especially tuna) in
food security and contributing to the local economy? This could be done through securing access to
local fish buyer records. If coupled with an ice/chiller/ice box provision project, these local
fisher/small-business folk may be willing to partner with WWF. In the Philippines, these records
give details of catch rates, prices and income. Are similar records kept in CEA countries? E.g.in
Madagascar there are only fish export records, not fish for local consumption but there are
reasonable statistics in Kenya and Tanzania. This can also identify the product flows and be used to
scope whether potentially supportive buyers would be willing to invest in/support/buy from a
fisheries improvement project like this – in South Africa and the UK. If fisher participants can be
empowered to manage their extra earnings, through small-business training, from the success of the
project, this can also be reinvested in their fishing and new businesses. This provides a good basis
to engage more closely with, and build the capacity of WWF CEAGI country marine programmes.
7.2. Empower WIO Fisheries Directors - Enable Fisheries Director capacity building through
exchange with the Western Pacific. WIO Fisheries Directors need empowerment to build their
skills, confidence, experience and resources to secure greater benefits from the fisheries they
manage. The differences between these regions are described elsewhere in this report, however, the
common issues that WIO Fisheries Directors could learn about from their counterparts in the WCP
include:
confident negotiating with distant water fishing nations, including Europe and with
significant aid donors – as often fisheries access arrangements are tied to aid,
16
understanding the true potential value of fishing opportunities (underpinned by WWF’s
WIO tuna valuation report)
establishing fisheries management frameworks and operational tools to secure greater
returns from fish caught in their EEZs, and;
accountable institution building to ensure fisheries management and financial progress.
NB. WWF is cognizant that the PNA Secretariat is a relatively new entity that has taken on a
significant agenda and that a lot of the PNA’s efforts are dependent on the WCPFC passing
appropriate fisheries resolutions. However, there is much for WIO nations to learn including how
was the PNA solidarity built, resourced, envisioned and implemented? What other fruits are being
borne from this labor? i.e. the further political grouping interest in sustainable fisheries in the SW
Pacific (Te Vaka Moana) and the Melanesian Spearhead Group learning/replicating elements of the
model. There are also a range of political groupings in the WIO however, the Fisheries Directors
have agreed to cooperate more closely under the South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission
(SWIOFC) framework and are keenly interested in WWF’s local facilitatory support to understand
the above better. WWF’s South Pacific Programme will build on its first phase of CSO engagement
and capacity building to help bring accountability to the PNA and related groupings.
Furthermore, the commonalities between the WIO and WCP are not lost politically. Some actors
endeavour to any hint of it – due to the implications of how the fishing dynamics and related
economics are likely to change as well others endeavouring to foster them. WWF has recently learnt
that the governments of New Zealand and Australia may be willing to support such collaboration
under the NEPAD framework. This is a leveraging opportunity for WWF and a concept note will be
prepared for NEPAD that builds on the draft in ANNEX 6 – Monsoon Dialogues.
7.3. Scale up CSO engagement to support 4a. and build capacity for CSO engagement in
domestic and regional fisheries policy. Inherent to successfully developing new fisheries
improvement models with a strong socio-economic component is the need to work alongside civil
society. A strong communications component is needed using social media, cell/smart-phone based
information and normal websites/factsheets/workshops etc. Furthermore, WWF has already helped
establish TUFAK, a coalition of industry and community organisations supporting sustainable tuna
management in Kenya. Discussions concluded that this needs to evolve in two directions:
i. In Kenya to ensure TUFAK effectively and sufficiently influences Kenyan domestic and
regional fisheries policy and;
ii. To replicate TUFAK in the ‘next’ best country. A short analysis is needed for this
incorporating WWF CEAGI country office participation and analysis of ‘their’ CSOs.
This review recommends that a specific CSO facilitator role be established in CEAGI to scale up
this work. 3 years @ ? per year? A middle level staff person salary + operational funds
(workshops, communications tools and materials) + grant funds for CSOs in Kenya, Tz, Mz, Md
and Mauritius. Estimate = ~ USD$1 million 3yrs.
7.4. Scale up CEAs seafood business engagement and capacity to use WWF network
sustainable seafood intelligence (e.g. Pescanova in Mozambique and ISSF members regionally).
The Kenyan seafood exporters association is a member of TUFAK and WWF has excellent
17
Getting the Basics Right – Ice and polystyrene boxes!
Dr Jose Ingles and Katherine Short undertook a short field trip
to Zanzibar and observed very poor fish handling practices in
the central market. Although there was running water, it was
unsanitary and there was no evidence of ice. Fish lay on the
ground and road, and some under palm leaves to protect them
from the sun and flies. Although the local tourist seafood trade
specifics are unknown, there are opportunities to improve the
quality, value and return to the fishermen from improving these
absolutely basic seafood practices. This is the maxim of less is
more, sell fewer fish at a better price, take fewer fish from the
sea. Whether massive PNA MSC certifications or a small catch,
the principle is the same and empowered fishermen are more
sustainable fishermen (literature evidence?). How many fish
markets are there like this in Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and
Madagascar? Although reliable power is a problem for making
ice, are there innovative technological, business and social
solutions that can be designed and deployed? Is this an area
where WWF could partner with CSO’s and new funders such as
the Aga Khan Foundation?
relationships here. WWF has also had some preliminary contact with the Indian Ocean Tuna
Operators Association, based out of Mauritius, the Maldivian tuna industry, regionally based ISSF
members and some interaction with the Mozambican shrimp industry. However, this needs to be
strategically redesigned in order ensure WWF can make effective use of the sustainable seafood
tools and opportunities at its disposal. In some respects, WWF CEA has been gaining experience in
this work for the last ~ 5 years and in order to ensure this experience translates into conservation
delivery, it must be significantly scaled up, streamlined and tied into key network colleagues’
workplans – especially in buying markets. WWF has excellent seafood intelligence internationally,
in the US, Europe and Japan but this must be far more deliberately and tactically deployed to build
local capacity to solve particular cases e.g. Pescanova blocking the delivery of both the MSC
certification of deep water shrimp and the Primeras and Segundas MPA in Mozambique. The
Bangkok Tuna Conference (May 23-25th
2012) and Hong Kong Seafood Summit, Sept 7-9th
2012)
are important opportunities to be seized.
This review recommends that a specific seafood business role be established to scale up this
work. 3 years @ ? per year? A middle level staff person + operational funds (workshops,
publications, short reports) + PPP funds to establish partnership projects and leverage more
funding with industry in Kenya, Tz, Mz, Md and Mauritius. Estimate = ~ USD$1 million over 3
years?
This increased
capacity would
enable WWF to
have the reach and
quality of
relationships to also
influence the
seafood trade,
enabling policy
environment and
management. This
would also
capitalise on current
CEAGI work to
value tuna
resources, MSC
certification efforts,
and the SFI
partnership project
to understand the
fisheries subsidies
impacts regionally.
N.B. an abstract has
been submitted to
present the CEA, Tuna Valuation work at IIFET (International Institute of Fisheries Economics and
Trade conference in Tanzania, July 2012).
18
However, underpinning these more sophisticated approaches is the need for some extremely basic
tools for sustainable fisheries management and improving livelihoods such as ice and training of
fishermen and fish market workers in quality handling practices. WWF needs to learn from
past/current international fisheries and seafood extension projects to understand why the conditions
are still so primitive and what the real opportunities are to modernise this sector. See box.
ANNEXES
19
ANNEX 1: Proposed Internal Exchange Schedule
Event What Budget
WCPFC –
26th-30th
March, Guam
Daniel/KS/Michael Harte/Aiko Yamauchi/Songlin
Wang/Seremaia
Side meeting/WWF time/ISSF meetings – present S2S
Own existing budgets.
IOTC 22-26
April, Perth.
KS/DG/EK/Michael Harte/Daniel likely.
Gangaram Pursumal (WWF Malaysia), Imam
Musthofa (Indonesia) to be urged to join country
delegations.
Own existing budgets.
PNA Meeting
25-26th April,
Alotau (tbc)
Mark Schreffler/Eric/Seremaia/ Alfred &/or Reinier
invited. WWF side meeting/event.
Own existing budgets.
World Tuna
Day
2/5/2012,
globally
Launch Tour de Tuna/Monsoon Dialogues. At least 2
WIO Fisheries Directors participate in PNA
celebrations. At least a half day meeting in the
margins (ideally 1 day) to share experience about
practical tools to secure greater benefit from fisheries
resources. Work with Fisheries Directors and Perm.
Sec’s of Fisheries to set up, identify who, develop a
budget and determine ‘what is to occur’. WIO
Fisheries Directors to deliver some kind of
Declaration/Statement of Support etc.
WWF staff involved to be determined.
2 Fisheries Directors to PNG.
Airfare = ~ 2500
Accom = @200/pp/pn
Estimate = ~ USD5000 pp
+ Domingos
TOTAL= USD10,000
Bangkok
Tuna Conf
May 23-25
WWF staff involved to be determined. Own existing budgets.
IIFET
Conference
July 16-20th,
Tanzania
CEANI has submitted an abstract about the tuna
valuation study.
Seek to host 5th Staff Exchange meeting in Tanzania.
Three streams: Fisheries Policy, CSO engagement and
seafood markets. Involve TUFAK. Identify delegations
to take to Hong Kong Seafood Summit + Mz shrimp
operators.
Local marine staff from CEANI
Seafood
Summit
Hong Kong,
Fiji/WMPO/CEA staff and external contacts attend
Summit to be exposed to sustainable seafood
20
6-8 Sept. movement.
Madagascar
February
2013
MWIOPO expressed interest in hosting a S2S meeting
there. This could be the next CEA Marine Strategy
Review meeting (as per Coral Triangle which held 3 of
these physical annual meetings before moving to a
virtual platform
MWIOPO confirmed 2/4/2012 they would host this.
tbc
ANNEX 2: Proposed External Schedule
Event What?
Seychelles Fisheries Directors Meeting 27/2/2012
Domingos to present Tour de Tuna/Monsoon Dialogues concept for Directors of Fisheries. DoF to identify at least two leading Directors for WWF to recommend to PNA to be invited to World Tuna Day celebrations. Mark Schreffler to engage PNA on this.
World Tuna Day 2/5/2012 Launch Tour de Tuna/Monsoon Dialogues and enable at least 2 WIO Fisheries Directors to participate in PNA celebrations. Facilitate at least a half day meeting in the margins (ideally 1 day) to share experience about practical tools to secure greater benefit from fisheries resources. Work with Fisheries Directors and Perm. Secretaries of Fisheries to set up, identify who, develop a budget and determine ‘what is to occur’. WIO Fisheries Directors to deliver some kind of Declaration/Statement of Support etc. + potentially Indonesia Fisheries Agency representatives.
Subsequent visits to be determined in consultation with the WIO Fisheries Directors and WCP actors.
21
ANNEX 1: The Visits in Detail
Part 1. Engaging with Civil Society Organizations on Oceanic Fisheries Management - Lessons
from the Pacific Islands.
The Coral Triangle is a Global Initiative where tuna is an important fishery. Seremaia Tuqiri shared
his perspectives of CSO engagement in the management of oceanic fisheries resources. Through a
GEF grant of 5 years to Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA), WWF was supported to engage CSOs in
fisheries advocacy initially through creating awareness and later involving them in influencing
policy and decision making processes. WWF SPPO has been able to push CSOs to include
sustainable fisheries management in their agenda. They have achieved desired results since the
project implementation; they have carried out advocacy and awareness workshops on OFM in all
FFA member countries except for 3 who were not able to attend the last CSO forum; and for
regional/international ENGOs, developed advocacy materials and raised awareness. They are now
developing a CSO fisheries advocacy website. Collaboration with regional fisheries organizations is
also very beneficial e.g. in the Pacific Islands this include the Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA), the
Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) – fisheries science advisors to its members and to the
Western & Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC).
Seremaia’s Reflections: The engagement that is taking place in CEA is not just between or among
CSOs but between CSOs and the private sector which is a great thing. The representative from a
newly created group called TUFAK (Kenya based) is really interesting with a membership of ~20
CSOs/people of different expertise, including WWF and enabling a range of skills to be used. A
strong them to emerge is the absence of communications materials for advocacy and awareness. I
brought 10 factsheet folders we produced with FFA and SPC and distributed as part of my
presentation. I was interested to meet a representative who runs a local CSO and produces a
newsletter every 2 months in Swahili for fishermen. He's a fishermen himself and works closely
with WWF Tanzania. The content of his newsletter focusses particularly on good fishing practices.
We can learn a lot from CSO/private sector engagement in CEA and I think we can also continue to
share our experiences with them. I was impressed by the fact that they have a lot of
environmentally-based/focussed CSOs in East Africa. What keeps coming through is the need to get
them together to be a force for change in terms of influencing government policy on best fishing
practice, and to also work with fishing industry and local fisherfolk. In the Pacific, we have PITIA
(Pacific Islands Tuna Industry Association), as well as national fishermen's associations, and the
larger offshore groups like FTBOA and FOFA (Fiji Tuna Boat Owners Association and Fiji
Offshore Fisheries Association). It would be good to discuss amongst ourselves about how we can
assist in strengthening public-private partnerships (small scale fishers as well as industrial) at the
local/national level to see how best needs can be addressed. It may be something that we don't
necessarily have to lead but where we can assist in partnership with other CSOs. It's obvious that
we have different sets of challenges given our geography, however there are some shared issues.
I mentioned in my presentation that the purpose behind our advocacy work had been decided for us
in that we were required to create awareness of the WCPFC and fisheries issues that were faced in
the Pacific Islands and how this was being addressed. However in the course of carrying this out,
we found that there issues faced by local fishers such as markets for their tuna. I showed them
a map of the WCPO and the Convention area so they now have an idea of the vastness of the area
and the smallness of the countries and the challenges that we encounter.
22
Part 2. Solomon Islands – Forum Fisheries Agency
Katherine Short, Mark Schreffler, Seremaia Tuqiri
½ day meeting with Mark Young, Director Fisheries Operations at FFA followed by one hour at the
Regional Fisheries Surveillance Centre (RFSC) and a presentation by Cmdr Mike Pounder. Both
provided their presentations.
The FFA MCS centre is a leading facility in the monitoring, control and surveillance of the fisheries
of the WCP. Addressing IUU, which is the main factor for tuna overfishing, and improving fisheries
management across the board are important objectives of WWFs fisheries work internationally.
Through this visit, we wish to become familiar with how the MCS centre operates and what it can
do. Any limitations or challenges and especially how WWF may be able to contribute to having
these addressed are important areas to discuss and explore.
At FFA we met with two MCS Operations Staff including Mark Young, the Director of Fisheries
Operations and Commander Mike Pounder who is on secondment from the Royal Australian Navy
and running the MCS Centre. Their bios are below.
Commander Mike Pounder
Born in the midlands region of the UK, I joined the Royal Navy in 1979 as a hydrographic survey
sailor, serving around he World including 2 years in Antarctica. Two years on exchange with the
Royal Australian Navy in the late 90's resulted in a decision to emigrate with my family after 22
years, including 12 as an officer and virtually all at sea. Another trip to Antarctica greeted me on
arrival in Australia followed by multiple Command positions based out of Cairns, QLD, including
Executive Officer and two Commands of HMAS MERMAID and HS Blue Crew. I was seconded
from the RAN and to the position as Forum Fisheries Agency Surveillance Operations Officer in
June 11 and will continue in the role until Dec 13. My main role is coordination of the Defence
Force surveillance assets from Australia, New Zealand, France and the US and the Pacific Island
Countries' own assets such as the Pacific Patrol Boats, encouraging regional monitoring, control and
surveillance of fisheries activity throughout the FFA region.
Mark Young - Director of Fisheries Operations
I have been on staff at the FFA Secretariat for almost a year now….I came here after having retired
from the U.S. Coast Guard where for the last five years I was the Chief of Enforcement for the
Coast Guard in the Western and Central Pacific…..my background is almost entirely focused on
fisheries law enforcement and I have a Master’s Degree in Marine Affairs – Fisheries Policy and
Management from the University of Washington….much of my work for the Coast Guard in the
Pacific was with engagement with Pacific Island Parties in fisheries enforcement and surveillance –
so this position is very similar to what I concentrated on from the US perspective….prior to coming
to FFA I also did a short stint as the Chief of Enforcement for the State of Hawaii for their Division
of Conservation and Resources Enforcement which fell under their Department of Land and Natural
Resources.
Key Points: as sent in follow up thank you letters.
The severe lack of analytical capacity at FFA and amongst the member states.
The 94% data sharing by the member states is heartening but you again stressed the
importance of analysis and turning that analysis into meaningful policy and management
improvements, especially via establishing national MCS committees in member states.
23
The recommendation WWF made to include supply chain and market expertise in the TCC7
CDS Inter-sessional Working Group. WWF can help source possible participants as
appropriate, please let us know how your discussions on this progress.
WWF expressed willingness to explore developing a visual overlay of key aspects of the
Western Central Pacific tuna fisheries including: fleet type by fishery, EEZ, species,
management arrangements, risks etc for a lay audience. You considered this to be useful and
we would like to follow up with you about this in the New Year.
The immense challenge of managing the long-line fleet, especially on the Southern
Albacore. This is on WWF’s regional radar, especially given the current MSC certification
assessment of the Fiji Tuna Boat Owners Association albacore fishery.
You expressed interest in WWF South Africa’s Responsible Fisheries Training Programme.
Katherine Short will follow this up with you.
WWF is convening a regional fishers exchange in Fiji (tentatively May/June) and this may
be a useful forum at which to promote the RMCSS. Please let us know if this is of interest.
The forthcoming Hong Kong Seafood Summit in September 2012 and the potential to
collaborate around a panel discussion or presentation about MCS in the Western Central
Pacific.
The opportunity for WWF to compliment the Regional MCS Strategy and raise awareness
about it in the region was highlighted.
The latest all nation, all waters joint surveillance operation (Op. Kuru Kuru) was highly
successful.
Welcomed the idea of exchange with WIO Directors of Fisheries/ other relevant
stakeholders.
Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources - Chris Ramofafia, Permanent Secretary.
WWF is aware of the important efforts by the PNA to improve the sustainability of the skipjack
tuna fisheries through seeking MSC certification and improving management as well as to increase
the return of economic value from these fisheries to the region. There are related aspirations in the
WIO and whilst there are important differences, exploring any commonalities and similarities that
might aid the advancement of sustainable fisheries in the WIO with representatives from a country
that is key to the PNA, the Solomon Islands, is a key purpose of this visit.
Key points: as sent in follow up thank you letter.
New Fisheries Bill before Parliament and wrote subsequently that WWF would be pleased
to support MFMR as appropriate to ensure it is successfully passed and subsequently
implemented.
We also discussed a range of ways in which WWF can support implementation of
sustainable fisheries tools including the Marine Stewardship Council and Fisheries
Improvement Projects. Mark Schreffler will follow up the New Year.
Took interest in our supply chain engagement models.
Welcomed our support to strengthen MCS.
Suggested we seek formal discussions with PNA on where WWF can add value and support
the PNA agenda.
24
Meeting with WMPO Management in Moresby
Whilst passing through Port Moresby airport, Mark, Katherine and Seremaia met with Neil
Stronach, Representative and Eric Verheij, Conservation Director. We explained the South to South
exercise, briefed them on our experiences in Honiara and discussed a range of further activities e.g.
making use of the PNA meeting in April.
Part 3. Legaspi, Tiwi Municipality and Sugod Village, Philippines Seremaia, Mark, Katherine, Domingos, Edward, Jose Ingles (Jingles) and Joe Pres Gaudiano
(Adon)
Introductions with staff at Tabac WWF field office followed by a tour to the market and 2 hour
briefing from Jingles, Adon and Joan Binondo (Field leader) about the Partnership Project for
Sustainable Tuna in the Philippines. This is the Fisheries Improvement Project partnership with
Blue You Consultancy, Swiss and German retailers and importers and WWFs CH and De.
Welcomed and briefed by Mayor Villanueva, Mayor of Tiwi Municipality. There is a very strong
commitment to sustainable development in the region and it is evident in the state of the local
environment. They even have a 10Ha permaculture farm. We were welcomed into the Mayor’s
office for a short discussion, presented with artisanal gifts from the region and then given an hour’s
briefing, movie and discussion with the agricultural extension & communications officers as well as
sitting with the entire MFARMC (Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management
Committee). They got us to sign a tuna conservation pledge on a banner with our own logo!
Visited the landing site of the project in Sugod village and saw two ~40kg tuna. There is a new
concrete holding facility, polystyrene boxes, running water and ice at this village. The fish are
landed in very artisanal vessels.
Friday morning we spent 4 hours having out sit down meeting and sharing in a structured way,
using the TOR themes.
Friday afternoon, we returned to the village as many more boats were due back. We saw them land
and basically process their catch. We were able to buy an albacore and were welcomed by the
villagers for dinner to share it.
Part 4. Dr Jose Ingles and Katherine Short to CEA Marine Strategy Review in Dar
Es Salaam and field visit to Zanzibar Fish Market. The Marine Strategy Review was a meeting of all CEA and MWIOPO marine programme staff.
This was the first time they had met. A separate meeting report is being produced. Katherine and
Jingles participated in day 2 of this meeting and subsequently held 2.5 days of discussions with the
core team (Domingos Gove and Edward Kimakwa from CEA and Didier Fourgon and Harifidy
Ralison from MWIOPO) which explored the challenges, opportunities and solutions in more depth.
25
ANNEX 2. Story - WWF South to South Internal
Peer Review and Exchange
WWF recently conducted an intensive internal peer review and capacity building exercise, themed
S2S (South 2 South), suggested by WWF Denmark and the CEA NI leader to review the fisheries
strategies of WWF’s Coastal East Africa Initiative and to lay a foundation for network knowledge
exchange from the Indian through to the South Pacific ocean regions. WWF Denmark’s thematic
programme funded by DANIDA (the Danish Aid Agency) provides funding support to the Coastal
East Africa Initiative and also supported this exchange. The exercise included staff from several
WWF offices; Coastal East Africa (CEA), Philippines, South Pacific Programme in Fiji (SPPO),
Western Melanesia Programme in PNG and Solomon Islands (WMPO) and WWF NZ. In addition
to conducting the internal peer review of the CEA fisheries strategy, the staff also shared
experiences of various issues, challenges and success in their respective programs. The exercise
served to unite and strengthen WWF Initiatives across the three ocean regions.
The S2S team began its journey in Honiara, Solomon Islands with a visit and tour of the Forum
Fisheries Agency (FFA) Monitoring, Compliance and Surveillance Centre (MCS). The team was
received by Mr. Mark Young, Director of the Fisheries Operations Division. Mr. Young gave a
presentation on the history and development of the FFA. We then visited the FFA MCS
Surveilance Center where Cmdr Mike Pounder gave a presentation on the centers functions are
responsibilities. The FFA MCS employs the latest technology in vessel monitoring systems to its
member countries and provides much needed services to reduce illegal, unregulated and unreported
fishing in the region. Using the latest edition of Google Earth, the surveillance centre is able to
view the location of registered vessels in real time via their Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) and
allows the centre to monitor and ensure vessels are fishing within the specific Exclusive Economic
Zones (EEZ) for which they are licensed. The FFA MCS facility is major step forward in reducing
illegal and unregulated fishing in the region.
The S2S team next met with Dr. Chris Ramofafia, Permanent Secretary, Solomon Islands Ministry
of Fisheries and Marine Resources (SIMFMR). SIMFMR will be presenting a new, significantly
more comprehensive Fisheries Act to Parliament in early 2012 which will empower the Ministry
and enable them to better manage both pelagic and coastal fisheries. Dr. Ramofafia has also taken a
more proactive, stronger position with regard to licensing fees for the foreign countries fishing in
the SI EEZ. This has resulted in nearly doubling the revenue this year from distant water fleets and
will directly benefit the people of SI in the form of improved health care, education, etc.
In the last leg of the exercise, the S2S team travelled to the Philippines where we met with Dr. Jose
Ingles, CTNI Tuna Strategy Leader and staff. We visited the WWF office in Tabaco and had a
briefing session and interaction with the tuna project staff. We then visited the village of Sugod in
the Munincipality of Tiwi, a project site where the Philippines team has been working on a hand
line tuna project. We then met with Mayor Villenueva of Tiwi Municipality along with the
Municipal Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Committee (MFARMC). Mayor
Villenuaeva and the Tiwi community have an incredibly strong sense of environmental stewardship
as is evident by the support and involvement of the community, environmental education
programmes in the schools and the public/private involvement in resource management.
One of the most important components of the exercise were the various sit down meetings where
the WWF staff could discuss specific challenges, issues and similarities in the regional
programmes. There was a great sense of team building and as each program moves forward in
26
areas from policy reform and reducing bycatch, certification etc., there is now a strong foundation
of network support across the regional programme offices as well as the WWF Network Initiatives.
27
ANNEX 3. Terms of Reference
Introduction and Background
The Coastal East Africa (CEA) and Coral Triangle Initiatives (CTI) are two of the thirteen Global
Initiatives the WWF Network established to achieve transformational change by working at local,
national and international scales, linking work on the ground with advocacy work and engagement.
Both CEA and CT GI’s have developed an important fisheries programme, covering both industrial
(tuna) and small-scale fisheries. Because of the communalities of the two programmes, it was
decided to carry out a Peer Review of relevant aspects of both programmes. Within this context,
selected individuals of both GI’s would form a small team to participate in the exercise.
Building upon the successes of WWF’s Eastern African Marine Ecoregion and Eastern African
Forest Ecoregion, CEA focuses on coastal East Africa’s biodiversity-rich environment; its
geographical focus covers Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique. The vision for CEA is that “Coastal
East Africa’s unique and globally significant natural resource base which provides the essential
goods and services that support biodiversity as well as economic development and the livelihoods
of present and future generations.” In order to achieve this vision, WWF is working with
governments and other key partners in the region to implement the following strategies:
Strengthening natural resources governance for effective management of marine fisheries and
coastal forest resources and improved effectiveness of institutions in implementation of policies and
regulations.
Adoption of sustainable trade and investment approach with specific focus on shrimp, tuna and
timber commodities
Securing the remaining high value conservation areas in Coastal East Africa, through a number of
initiatives, including protected areas, land use planning, reduced emissions from deforestation and
degradation (REDD) activities etc.
The Coral Triangle Initiative focuses on the highly biodiverse marine realm in South East Asia and
the Western Pacific. The WWF Coral Triangle Programme builds on the long term marine
conservation ecoregions in the Sulu-Sulawesi and Bismark-Solomon Seas and compliments the
government Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security launched in 2009.
WWF was a major actor in its design and initiation. The common themes include sustainable
management of the tuna resources of the region, establishing marine protected areas, promoting
climate change adaptation, conserving threatened marine species and enabling the implementation
of the ecosystem-approach to fisheries. The WWF Coral Triangle Programme is undergoing a
review and new strategic planning process, thus this internal Peer Review is timely .
28
Objective and Focus
The objective of the peer review is both to assess the current CEA-NI and CTI strategies and their
implementation, and to provide opportunities for a south-south internal professional information
and knowledge sharing process, possibly leading to enhanced future coordination and collaboration
between WWF network peers. The review will in particular answer three key questions:
1. Design: are the strategies (including the methodological approaches and
organisational/partnership arrangements) appropriate to achieve their objectives?
2. Implementation: what progress has been made in implementing the strategies? In
particular, what are the successes, weaknesses and lessons learned?
3. Way forward: what recommendations can be identified to improve the effectiveness of
delivery of the strategies and their implementation, including opportunities for future
collaboration between the two GIs?
In short, the overarching objective and nature of this WWF peer review is to both share experience
and build capacity of the peers involved. The intent is to strengthen collaborative teams, identify
and share relevant experience and demonstrate to our GAA funders the powerfully joined-up nature
of WWF’s Global Initiatives.
Scope of Work
The peer review will include, but not necessarily be limited to the following issues:
To what extent are the CEA-GI and CTI fisheries strategies likely to lead to:
o Sustainable management of fisheries resources (including production, trade and
investment patterns)?
o Enhanced national and regional fisheries governance frameworks and policies?
o Increased national / regional revenues?
o Improved livelihoods for the poorer segments of society?
What are the most important aspects of progress and results achieved so far in the CEA-GI
and CTI fisheries components?
Are there any specific areas for improvement of the fisheries strategies, in order to enhance
both their implementation and eventual impact?
What experiences in the Coral Triangle tuna and shrimp strategies are relevant to advance
the CEA-GI tuna strategies, especially engaging seafood business (including MSC, ISSF
members and long line companies etc) and community service organisations?1
What opportunities are there to collaborate between CEA-GI and CT GI to strengthen tuna
governance at both the country/domestic and in the Regional Fisheries Management
Organisation levels?
What commonalities and learning are there between the two programmes with respect to the
issues of the countries seeking sovereignty over especially the allocation of tuna resources
and the coastal state aspirations to secure greater domestic benefit and value from these
fisheries?
1i.e. exploring the South Pacific Programme Office Offshore Fisheries Programme CSO sustainable tuna awareness
raising project is specifically relevant e.g. for the Kenya CSO engagement.
29
Methodology and Process
As a general principle, the WWF peer review will be a participatory process where both key peer
reviewers and staff in the respective teams should be involved and actively take part in the peer
review process, to the fullest extent possible and with the intent to ensure that perceptions, opinions
and knowledge are considered in the assessments and recommendations made. It is intended that
external stakeholders will be approached as part of the implementation phase with any key
stakeholders met if this is practicable and cost-effective.
The core peer teams will consist of two to three persons from each GI. In addition, two to three
persons representing relevant WWF peer programmes/projects/offices may be involved as external
‘peers’. CEA-GI and CTI will nominate a joint facilitator for the peer review process (see 4 below).
The peer review process will consist of the following steps:
1. Establish the peer review teams.
2. Develop and finalise the review plans, schedule and itineraries of the review teams
(including three phases: preparation, implementation (desk studies and field visits) and
reporting).
3. Final approval of the review plans by the CEA-GI and CTI leaders and the respective
thematic coordinators.
4. Implement the peer reviews according to agreed plans.
5. Consult with external stakeholders as appropriate.
6. Report and disseminate the outcomes and recommendations to CEA-GI and CTI
Shareholder Groups and other relevant parties.
7. Subsequently, the recommendations will be discussed by the CEA-GI and CTI core teams
and by the respective SHGs with a view to adopting/rejecting the recommendations and
proceeding appropriately to realise them.
Team Composition
The peer review group will consist of the following persons (Team Leaders underlined):
CEA
Domingos Gove
Edward Kimakwa
Didier Fourgon
CTI
Jose Ingles
Seremaia Tuqiri
Imam Musthofa
NB. Joe Pres Gaudiano (in the field.)
Mark Schreffler participated
Network advisors:
Paul Siegel
Bill Fox
Daniel Suddaby
Alfred Schumm
Facilitator:
Katherine Short
30
Time Frame
The three peer reviews will take place between October and December 2011. An inception
workshop between the peer teams will take place in mid-October in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
making use of relevant staff attending the CEA / SFI Indian Ocean Tuna Strategy meeting.
The peer review should not extend beyond 3 weeks in entirety, including:
Preparation: 3 to 4 days (i.e. reading of documents, preparing for travels etc.)
Implementation: 7 to 8 days (i.e. desk studies, field visits, stakeholder engagement, etc.)
Reporting: 3 to 4 days (i.e. report writing, joint teleconferences to coordinate, last
consultations, etc.)
A draft schedule is provided.
Reporting
A Peer Review Report in English of not more than 20 pages per NI should be produced by the peer
review teams in accordance with the topics mentioned in section III. The peer review team leaders
are responsible for the quality and consistency of the report.
Review Budget
Cost item Budget
Review workshop (in conjunction with IO Tuna
Workshop in Dar es Salaam)
10,000 US$
Travel budget CEA-NI Team 10,000 US$
Travel budget CTI Team 10,000 US$
Reporting and communications 5,000 US$
Total 35,000
Background Materials: (available on request)
CEA-GI Conservation Strategy
CTI Conservation Strategy
31
ANNEX 4. Visit Schedule Dates What Who Comments Actions
Oct 11-13 CEA / SFI IO Tuna Strategy
meeting
Imam, Daniel, Alfred,
Domingos, Edward,
Didier, Katherine, Peter,
Paul Siegel.
Small group discussion to be
held in the margins
1. KS/facilitate
Nov Wk of
1st
South to South Team skype
call 1
S2S team all welcome 1st regular call. 2. KS/facilitate х
7-8 WWF facilitated, African
Union hosted Rights Based
Management workshop in Dar
Es Salaam
Seremaia with CEA
team
Seremaia is available 3. Seremaia and Lydia to organise logistics
10-11 CSO meeting Dar Es Salaam Seremaia with CEA
team
Seremaia to present and
contribute SPPO experience
4. Edward to identify
24-29
Visit Philippines Tuna
Handline Fisheries
Improvement Project (Luzon
province)
Domingos, Didier,
Edward, Katherine,
Jingles, Imam, Seremaia
+ Daniel?
5. Jingles to confirm Phil visits and handle
local arrangements/work with KS to do so
as necessary.
6. Daniel to confirm availability.
1 day team sit down team
meeting re. common issues
Domingos, Didier,
Edward, Katherine,
Jingles, Imam, Seremaia
+ Daniel?
7. Daniel to confirm availability?
8. KS to propose agenda incl. themes in III
Scope of work above + Tuna Think Tank
Visit MCS Centre in Honiara 9. Seremaia to confirm FFA visit and handle
local arrangements/work with KS to do so
as necessary.
Dec 5th Draft South to South Report All welcome Format? 10. KS to propose format for review and
facilitate completion
Final
draft for
32
approval
completed
19th Finalise draft report All welcome 11. Lida, Peter and External Advisers to
scrutinise draft in advance of submission
to Elizabeth at WWF DK.
Jan Seek comments on draft report
S2S phone call All welcome х
First SFI IO Tuna Working
Group call
KS & Didier attended
from CEA/CT.
Feb 19th
&
20th
CEA/MWIOPO Marine
Strategy Review
All marine programme
staff and KS and Jingles
to participate
Refine final draft report
27th CEA/SFI Nordic discussions Domingos to Norway to
meet Nordic and SFI
colleagues.
Present final draft report
33
ANNEX 5. Participant Biographies
Domingos Gove, Marine Head, WWF Coastal East Africa Initiative - brings over 22 years of
professional experience in coastal and marine fisheries and ecosystem management. Graduating (BSc)
from the University of Eduardo Mondlane in 1991, he was a General and Marine Ecology lecturer at
Eduardo Mondlane University. During this period, he also ran the Marine Biological Station of
Inhaca, coordinating research activities there as well as managing the Terrestrial and Marine Reserves
of Inhaca and Portuguese Islands. In 1998, he obtained his MSc in Marine Zoology from the
University of Gothenburg and from 2001-2005, worked as a coastal planner on integrated
development of Mozambique’s coastal zone and was instrumental in introducing strategic
environmental assessment (SEA). From 2005, Domingos worked as Director of the National Fisheries
Research Institute in Mozambique and was actively involved in policy and governance aspects of
coastal and marine resources there and regionally and internationally representing Mozambique in
relevant marine and coastal management forums fora. Domingos is currently pursuing completion of
his PhD at the University of Lisbon, Department of Zoology and Anthropology.
Edward Kimakwa, Fisheries Programme Officer, WWF Coastal East Africa Initiative - holds a
BSc. in Natural Resources Management (Egerton University, Kenya) and MSc. Biology of
Conservation at the University of Nairobi, Kenya). Certificate on Sustainable Environmental
Management (University of California, Berkeley, California, USA), Multidisciplinary Course in
Tropical Freshwater Ecosystems and Wetlands Management, supported by MacArthur Foundation
and Pan African START Secretariat at the Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) Training Institute,
Naivasha; and Climate Change Adaptation (IUCN Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania) among others. Edward
Kimakwa has over 17 years experience on fisheries and natural resources management issues on
regional and global level. Edward has worked with several national and regional organizations
involved in fisheries, natural resources and biodiversity conservation. Edward joined WWF in 2006
where he worked as a Fisheries Policy for the WWF- Eastern African Marine Ecoregion (EAME)
programme till 2009 when he was appointed to the position of the Fisheries Programme Offficer for
the WWF-Coastal East Africa Initiative (WWF-CEAI). Between April 2010 and March 2011, Edward
worked with the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) as the Regional
Climate Change Coordinator. He contributed in the development of the regional Climate Change
Strategy for the coastal areas of the WIO region. Before joining WWF in 2006, Edward worked as a
Fisheries Officer with the Fisheries Department in the Ministry of Fisheries Development in Kenya in
different capacities since 1997. In 2004, Edward was appointed the Head of Fisheries Research Unit
at the Fisheries Department Headquarters in Nairobi. In his current capacity, Edward is working
closely with the key partners, including the African Union, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
(IOTC), South Western Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission (SWIOFC), FAO, National Fisheries
Authorities to implement and support projects that promote sustainable fisheries management and
improved governance. He is also working closely with the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) in
promoting certification of some lobster, octopus and shrimp fisheries in the Coastal East Africa
Seremaia Tuqiri, Fisheries Policy Officer, WWF South Pacific Programme Office
Programme Assistant (fisheries/marine research), Canadian Cooperation Office, the Pacific
Office of ICOD (International Centre for Ocean Development)
Training Coordinator, International Ocean Institute / Marine Studies Programme, USP (in-
service training on Coastal Fisheries Management, ICM, and Environmental and Resource
Economics)
34
Coordinated and team-taught two undergraduate courses, USP: Coastal Fisheries
Management; and ICZM
Developed the Pacific Islands Regional Oceans Policy brief for the CROP Marine Sector WG
Moved to offshore fisheries when I joined WWF SPPO as Fisheries Policy Officer is 2003:
certification; sustainable fisheries management; fishing best practices
Mark Schreffler, Fisheries Programme Officer, WWF Western Melanesian Programme Office.
Mark comes from a business background with experience in manufacturing, construction and
aquaculture. He previously owned a marine aquarium retail/educational company which was one of
the first in the world to become certified to the Marine Aquarium Council (MAC) International
Standards of Best Practices. Having participated in the MAC Standards Advisory Groups in
developing the standards since 1999, he went on to work for the MAC in 2003; working with
collectors in Hawaii, the Philippines and Indonesia, as well as with exporters, importers and retailers
globally. He advocated environmental and social responsibility and consulted/assisted these groups
through the certification process. In early 2008, he came to Papua New Guinea working with the
PNG National Fisheries Authority to introduce sustainable marine aquarium life collection and assist
developing policy and best practices standards for the trade in PNG. New to WWF, Mark looks
forward to using his experience to work toward more sustainable use and conservation of the Coral
Triangle fisheries.
Katherine Short – Marine Advocate, Indo-Pacific, WWF New Zealand. Katherine’s career with
WWF began in New Zealand in 1996. She moved to WWF Australia in 1999 to promote the Marine
Stewardship Council, develop WWF’s network wide approach to ecosystem-based management of
fisheries and establish WWFs first regional Oceania fisheries project together with offices in New
Zealand and Fiji. Moving to WWF International in 2004, she led and supported WWF’s fisheries
work internationally and until June 2012 when she returned to New Zealand to work directly with the
tropical fisheries programmes from East Africa to the Western Pacific. Katherine’s role in supporting
these programmes draws on her extensive international experience and work in sustainable fisheries
and seafood. Katherine is currently enrolled at Imperial College London, pursuing a part-time Masters
by Research studying fisheries and conservation.
Dr. Jose Ingles is a senior fisheries specialist with extensive experience in the conduct of fisheries
stock and coastal resource assessment in the region. Equipped with academic degrees in zoology
from University of Hamburg, marine biology, and natural science from a Philippine university, he
served as a Faculty Member of the Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanology of the University of
the Philippines in the Visayas (UPV) for 12 years, where he undertook research, extension and
teaching activities. He has produced numerous publications and advised numerous graduate students.
Starting in 2002, he changed his focus and worked with WWF, first as Director of the Fisheries
Management for the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion Program and in the last three years, as the Tuna
Strategy Leader of WWF’s Coral Triangle Network initiative. As strategy leader, he catalyzes
business and government to reform the tuna industry and put it onto a path of sustainability. He is
based in Manila, Philippines and lives with his family and three sons in Iloilo.
35
ANNEX 6. Monsoon Dialogues
MONSOON DIALOGUES
DRAFT 1.
he connections across the Western and Eastern Indian Ocean stretch back for millennia
as seafarers voyaged trading spices, fish and textiles. Today, there are parallel
challenges and opportunities with the Western Central Pacific also, especially related to
tuna fisheries and the desire of the nations in whose waters the fish occur, to benefit
more from their fisheries resources.
WWF recognizes this and has initiated a programme of exchange between staff from as far afield
as Fiji, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Madagascar and Tanzania to learn, share and scale
up conservation delivery. With these other offices, WWF Coastal East Africa Initiative is now
scoping whether this can be extended to leaders in fisheries management in government, civil
society organisations committed to justice, equity and sustainability and responsible, legitimate
seafood business actors.
These, primarily tuna fisheries resources have been heavily fished for several decades by mostly
distant water fleets. In the Western Central Pacific, a political grouping known as the Parties to
the Nauru Agreement (PNA) (include), began a process several years ago to begin to tip the
scales in their favor. They have set in train a number of significant political, technical and
financial measures to secure greater returns from their tuna resources as well as to begin to
address the significant fisheries management challenges that are present. This involves scaling
up their efforts to encourage the Regional Fisheries Management Organisation, the WCPFC to
improve its management of these resources also. In concrete terms, this is resulting in a
significantly increased price per day for any industrialised vessels to fish for tuna in their waters.
Although WWF acknowledges there are significant regional political, geographic and economic
differences between these regions, a fundamental similarity exists. This is that these countries
and those of the Western Indian Ocean desire, and need to secure the resources within their
EEZ’s and to influence the development and sustainability of fishing on the high seas – a critical
element not to be ignored. This is about nations determining their own sovereign destiny over
their fisheries resources and by doing so, about securing the maximum return from the efficient,
sustainable and controlled management of these important fisheries.
Today, far from being an uncaring distant actor, the market and the many actors within it, are a
major driving force and supportive tool for the sustainable management of fisheries resources.
There are also major buyers who explicitly support the right of countries to determine how the
benefits of sustainable fisheries are domesticated i.e. the value from sustainably managed
fisheries returns to the country where it’s caught.
T
36
Recently, the largest skipjack tuna fishery in the world was successfully certified by the Marine
Stewardship Council. This is under the framework of the PNA and recognises the significant
steps they have taken in the last 3-4 years to modernise their tuna fisheries management
frameworks. Although there remains a lot to be done within the PNA and at the WCPFC, the
MSC provides an independent transparent and supportive mechanism to encourage this.
Furthermore, through the process of certification, they have gained confidence to exert greater
collective strength to bring the negotiations with the United States over the US Multi-lateral
Treaty (for tuna) onto a playing field that first serves the region and the sustainability of the fish.
A Proposed Exchange
WWF firmly believes there is merit in the fisheries management leaders of the WIO and WCP
sharing their experiences in this arena. WWF is currently proposing to both the PNA, and to you,
the Fisheries Directors of this region, that an exchange process be established. WWF is seeking
the resources to enable this. A targeted opportunity exists to begin this exchange and to meet
counterparts in the WCP. This is the celebration of the first World Tuna Day, on May 2nd
in
Alotau, in Papua New Guinea. PNG is where the secretariat of PNA is based. This event is
where the PNA will celebrate the MSC certification for the peoples of these countries.
It will be a proud moment for the peoples of these developing countries to acknowledge they
have successfully shepherded a new paradigm for their fish into the future. One where the fish
are sustainable managed, fairly paid for, the fishers increasingly come from these countries and
that value is added to the fish locally ensuring the greatest possible economic return.
37