South and Southeast Asia

2 regions in onePakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri LankaIndonesia,Phillipines,Viet Nam, Laos,

Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand

Free response• 2002- CCOT global trade• 2003 CCOT Spread of Islam• 2004 COMP Impacts of WWI• 2005 DBQ Muslim leaders• 2006 CCOT India 300. C.E to 600 C.E• 2008 CCOT Indian Ocean• 2010 DBQ cotton industrialization

Lets get religious…cyclically speaking of course

Which of the following statements is an accurate description of both Buddhism and Hinduism?

a) The caste system was an outgrowth of Hinduism but became identified also with Buddhism.

b) Neither religion placed importance on the individual’s efforts to seek release from rebirth.

c) Nirvana was a major aspect of the belief system of both Buddhism and Hinduism.

d) Both religions taught the importance of karma in affecting a person’s fate.

e) Buddhism made use of formal rituals, but Hinduism did not.

Instant Karma’s gonna get you

• D Karma was a belief that the actions in one life determined the rewards in the next cycle of samsara (reincarnation) these beliefs were initialized in the Indian subcontinent to guide job, family, duties and create a social glue in an exceptionally fragmented society. There are many components of Buddhism (Theravada) after all that are steeped in Hinduism

Asoka Mauryan supports Buddhism and it spreads… but why?

The Buddhist social order included

a) Strict adherence to patriarchal authorityb) Opposition to caste systemsc) Well-defined gender-role distinctionsd) Emphasis on well-educated rulerse) Veneration for one’s ancestors

Because its special

• B Opposition to the exceptionally rigid caste system is why Buddhism will spread throughout India (losing its influence in India because Siddhartha will be subsumed as an avatar of Ganesh) but will spread throughout Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand amongst other South East Asian nations through trade and monastic orders (aka monks)

A One two punch

Dharma is good, but what constitutes Dharma? (It includes) little evil, much good, kindness, generosity, truthfulness and purity. Pilar Edict Nb2 (S. Dharmika) And noble deeds of Dharma and the practice of Dharma consist of having kindness, generosity, truthfulness, purity, gentleness and goodness increase among the people. Rock Pilar Nb7 (S. Dharmika) Contact (between religions) is good. One should listen to and respect the doctrines professed by others. Beloved-of-the-Gods, King Piyadasi, desires that all should be well-learned in the good doctrines of other religions. Rock Edict Nb12 (S. Dhammika)

Ashoka was a(n):Charismatic Hindu warrior of the Gupta DynastyMauryan king who converted and spread his new belief by erecting pillarsMonk who established monasteries in wide areas to promote his beliefsIndian Ocean merchant who taught as he traveled Ashoka played an important role in the spread of:HinduismIslamZoroastrianismBuddhism

Asoka was…

• The Mauryan king whose conversion to Buddhism after the bloody battle of Kalinga inspired his religious tolerance, remorse for aggression, conquest through teaching and social welfare programs as illustrated by his rock pillar edicts and stupas built throughout his empire in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Afghanistan and Bangladesh

Those Indian sailors and their trade: Monsoons take them North east and southwest

Which of the following characterizes trade between the Roman Empire and India during the first two centuries C.E.?

Rome to India India to Romea) Silver and gold Pepperb) Tools and weapons Silver and goldc) Horses Wheatd) Textiles Silver and golde) Tools and weapons Wine and olive oil

India is so spicy

• A Rome provided the precious metals and India will be one of the controlling powers of the lucrative spice trade. Items like curry, paprika, ginger, nutmeg and pepper were highly coveted as a food preserver and enhancer, This Indian Ocean trade would be dominated by Indians, Chinese, later Muslims and eventually the Portuguese and English (remember Linda Schaefer’s Southernization)

South Asian Religions (or also philosophies?)

• What central feature of Hinduism did Buddhism reject?

A Union with the universal spirit as a major goalB. ReincarnationC. The caste systemD. The importance of ethical decision making•

C.No caste

• Buddhism became appealing to women, nomads and lower castes like sudras and outcastes because one could gain enlightenment (Nirvana) without the constant climbing (like snakes and ladders) of samsara (reincarnation). Theraveda Buddhism posited Sidartha Guatama as a man and not a divinity therefore anyone could be enlightened 4+8=Nirvana

Buddha’s Statuary

The image above best illustrates the blending of Buddhism with which of the following?(A) Greco-Roman culture(B) Christianity(C) Confucianism(D) Egyptian culture

A Greco-Roman

• Statuary and its humanist influence may have started with the extension of Alexander of Macedonian’s Empire. Certainly India’s central location along the silk route made it the nexus or confluence of Eastern and Western culture and illustrated by the Buddha’s statuary.

Post-Classical Islam in India

• What did Islamic states in Northern India adopt from the peoples they conquered?

• (A) the caste system• (B) Sanskrit writing• (C) A numeral system• (D) The Hindu concept of karma

C Numeral system

• The Gupta Empire whose myriad contributions include the “Arabic” numeral system, decimals, and Pi were conquered by the Abbasid Caliphate where the Delhi Sultanate served as a Islamic Theocracy in Northern India extending Dar Al Islam across the Silk Route and Indian Ocean

Southernization

• Which sailing technology allowed the sailors on the Indian Ocean to travel long distances by taking advantage of monsoon winds?

• (A) the square sail• (B) the wooden rudder• (C) the lateen sail• (D) the caravel

C the lateen sail

• Utilized by Indian sailors (and Malay sailors too) to manipulate the seasonal monsoon winds and get exports( spices, textiles, gold) to market in an efficient and timely fashion.

More Southernization

• Which of the following is correct concerning Indian Ocean trade from 1000 to 1450?

A. Active Silk Roads overland trade diminished Indian Ocean trade.B. Europeans did not participate.C. East Africa was left out of its trade network.D. It was dominated by Mongols during the Mongol Peace.E. It was dominated by South Asian merchants.•

E It was dominated by South Asian Merchants

• Even the caste system created a jati caste for merchants and sailors whose intrepid exploration utilizing the lateen sail became a benchmark for later Islamic, Chinese and eventually European sailing/market ventures.

Europe arrives in 15th CWhich of the following resulted from the arrival of western Europeans in India and China during the time period 1450 to 1750?

a) The spread of infectious diseases in India and China and a drastic drop in their populations

b) The establishment of small European enclaves in India and China

c) A massive drain on silver and gold from India and Chinad) A great expansion in slave labor in India and Chinae) A major disruption of the economies of India and China

Enclave is as small community

• B Coastal contacts made initially by the Portuguese then Dutch, then French and English would pick the Mughal markets apart for the lucrative trade with huge markets and coveted items like Spices. Goa, Bombay, Calcutta and Bengal were very important trading centers.

The fabric of your life gets manipulated

India had dominated the world’s cotton textile manufacturing for centuries, but when England imported cheap textiles into India,

A) England’s textile industry collapsed B) English workers rioted due to perceived Indian

favoritism C) Indian textile workers had more leisure time D) Indian textile workers lost their jobs E) Indian textile industry “boomed”

Industrialism leads to a change in favorable balance of trade

• D textile workers were losing their jobs to the competition. The British industrial Giant (British East India Co,) will manipulate Indian markets through investment, military might (Sepoys and Sikhs) and laws of extraterritoriality to provide a dominant free market trade. The exploitation of lad, labor and capital will be justified by “White Mans Burden” of Christianizing, Civilizing and commercializing India’s market.

Decolonization/Independence

Which of the following is not one way in which India and Pakistan differed?

A) Pakistan was a democracy, while India was not B) Pakistan defined itself according to religion and was

under military leadership C) India had a larger portion of the industrial and

educational resources D) India was larger and was 90 percent Hindu E) India was a secular republic

Key word: NOT

• A. Pakistan is an Islamic Republic which has been lead by many military dictatorships while India since 1947 has been the world’s largest Democracy. Initially a socialist nation, India has jumped aboard the capitalist globalization gravy train and has grown as one of the BRIC nations providing many opportunities for “outsourced” employment and a bourgeoning middle class.