South America South America Study Guide Study Guide

ReviewReview

PizarroPizarro

•Spanish explorer who landed on the western coast of S.A. and conquered the Inca with horses, guns, 200 soldiers

Simon BolivarSimon Bolivar•General who freed the northern parts of South America starting with a revolution in Venezuela

Jose San Jose San MartinMartin

•General who defeated the Spanish in the southern part of South America

European countries European countries colonizing South colonizing South

AmericaAmerica•Spain, Portugal

Inca’s demiseInca’s demise

•Inca’s civil war had weakened them, then defeated by Pizarro

Products sent from the Products sent from the colonies to Spain colonies to Spain

and Portugaland Portugal

•sugar, silver, gold

Causes of Causes of Native Native

American American deathsdeaths•European disease and

overwork

Reasons South Reasons South Americans wanted Americans wanted

independenceindependence•wanted to share in the political power and economic power; mestizos and mulattos wanted to be treated better

Models for Models for independence independence revolutionsrevolutions

•American and French revolutions

OAS and its OAS and its goalsgoals•Organization of

American States•Goals: economic cooperation, social justice, equality of people

Changes in South Changes in South American population American population

over timeover time• immigrants from Spain and Portugal

changed the population•most people are mestizos (European

and native) and mulattos (African and European)

•After 1800s accompanied by other immigrants from other European nations

Transportation Transportation CorridorsCorridors

•Definition: a path that makes transportation easier

•Example: Amazon River

Transportation Transportation BarriersBarriers

•Definition: a geographical feature that slows or prevents transportation

•Example: Rain forest, desert, Andes

Natural resources Natural resources exportedexported

• minerals, copper, tin, gold, iron ore, lead, petroleum,

Farm exportsFarm exports

•beef, grain, sugar, bananas, coffee, wool

Brazil’s industrial Brazil’s industrial productsproducts

•cars, computers, televisions, planes

Free trade Free trade zonezone

•people and goods move across borders without being taxed

Economic Economic indicatorsindicators

•statistics that show how a country’s economy is doing – literacy rate, life expectancy

UrbanizationUrbanization

•Definition: many people have moved from the countryside to the city

•Factors: growth of manufacturing jobs in the cities, poverty in rural areas, jobs, schools, health services available in cities