South Africans Worried About Crime and Corruption, Prioritize … › ... ›...

South Africans Worried About Crime and Corruption, Prioritize Education

Margaret Vice

Senior Researcher

November 17, 2016 2

Pew Research Center

• Established 1996

• Funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts, foundations

• Non-profit, non-partisan fact tank in Washington

• Since 2002, we have surveyed in 93 countries

• www.pewresearch.org

www.pewresearch.org

November 17, 2016 3 www.pewresearch.org

Methodology

• Surveys conducted in South Africa, Nigeria and Kenya among 3,330

respondents from March 29 to July 9, 2016

• Based on nationally representative face-to-face interviews with adults 18

and older conducted under the direction of ORB International

• The margin of sampling error for the regional set of weighted data is

±3.8% - ±4.7%

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

November 17, 2016 www.pewproject.org 4


Sharp Rise in Share of South Africans Saying the

Economy is Bad

Source: Spring 2016 Global Attitudes Survey.

The current economic situation in South Africa is …

39

53 51

59

28

57

45 45

38

70

0

80

2008 2013 2014 2015 2016

Good

Bad

%


Sharp Increase in Negative Views of National Economy in

Nigeria and South Africa The current economic situation in our country is bad


47

67

45

0

100

2013 2014 2015 2016

53 Kenya

71 Nigeria

70 South Africa

%


Majority Thinks Economy Will Improve in Next Year


Over the next 12 months, the economic situation in South Africa will …

44

48 51

45

62

29

23

18 22

23

21

26 26 29

13

0

70

2008 2013 2014 2015 2016

Improve

%

Remain the same

Worsen


Africans More Optimistic About the Future Than Those in

Other Regions

Note: Africa median includes Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda. Russia & Ukraine not

included in Europe median.


When children in __ grow up, do you think they will be better off or worse off financially than their parents?

35%

33

24

44

60

64

58%

56

51

32

32

28

Latin America

Africa

Asia

Middle East

U.S.

Europe

Better off Worse off


Average GDP Growth Since 2005 & Optimism for Next Generation

Note: Data for GDP growth from IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 2015, accessed June 1, 2015. Data not available for Palestinian territories.

Vietnam China

Ethiopia Nigeria

India Burkina Faso

Chile Peru

Senegal Brazil

Ghana Argentina

Uganda

Indonesia

Israel Pakistan

Philippines

Russia Ukraine

South Africa Kenya

S.Korea

Mexico Turkey Venezuela Germany

Poland Tanzania Jordan

U.S. Spain Malaysia

Canada Australia

UK Lebanon

Japan Italy France

0

20

40

60

80

100

-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Average % GDP growth (2005-2014)

%

Percent who think that when children today grow up they will be

better off financially than their parents

Correlation = 0.75


South Africans Believe Young People Have a

Future in the Country What would you recommend to a young person who wants a good life?


22%

76% Stay in our country

Move to another

country


Overwhelming Majorities in All Countries Believe Young

People Shouldn’t Leave What would you recommend to a young person who wants a good life?


20%

21

22

78%

78

76

Nigeria

Kenya

South Africa

Stay in

our country

Move to

another country

TOP CONCERNS & PRIORITIES



Crime, Jobs and Corruption Are Top Problems

__ is a very big problem


95%

92

84

82

75

74

71

71

69

69

69

67

67

43

Poor infrastructure

Lack of employment opportunities

Too few citizens participating in politics

Poor health care

Gap between rich and poor

Crime

Lack of clean drinking water

Pollution

Poor-quality schools

Lack of access to clean toilets

Energy shortages

Food shortages

Poverty

Government corruption

95%

92

84

82

75

74

71

71

69

69

69

67

67

43

88%

88

88

93

85

82

72

81

79

78

71

64

89

43

82%

87

91

86

75

67

71

72

75

72

68

65

64

42


Concern About Crime is Highest in South Africa

__ is a very big problem in …

Gap between rich and poor

Crime

Lack of employment opportunities

Too few citizens participating in politics


Poor health care

Food shortages

Poverty


Lack of clean drinking water

Poor infrastructure

Pollution

Lack of access to clean toilets

Energy shortages


South Africa Kenya Nigeria


Lack of Connections, Poor Schooling Seen as Largest

Obstacles to Finding a Job __ is a very important reason why many people in South Africa do not have jobs


69%

61

58

57

50

Many jobs only go to

people with connections

Schools do not teach

the necessary skills

Some people have health problems

that prevent them from working

Some people are discriminated

against because of their race

Some people are

unmotivated or lazy


South Africans Believe Education Should be Their Country’s

Top Priority What do you think should be the most important priority for our country?


36%

1%

5% 7%

12%

17%

22%

Education

Energy supply

Govt.

effectiveness

Food

supply

Health care

Infrastructure

Don't

know


Two-Thirds Say Education Will Be Better for

Future Generations When children in South Africa grow up __ will be …


45%

37

34

21

15

22%

25

23

22

18

67%

62

57

43

33

Education

Health care

Poverty

Somewhat better Much better Total

Equal rights for

men and women

Government

corruption


South Africans Most Pessimistic on Education, Health Care

When children in __ grow up __ will be much better

Note: “Terrorism” not asked in South Africa


62%

60

47

39

39

37

52%

40

13

26

11

13

45%

37

21

34

15

Nigeria Kenya South Africa

Education

Health care

Poverty

Equal rights for

men and women

Terrorism

Government

corruption

GOVERNANCE ISSUES



Black South Africans Most Likely to Believe

Government Benefits All People % of __ South Africans saying the government is run for the …


70%

67

81

83

28%

32

16

15

TOTAL

Black

Mixed-race

White

Benefit of

all people

Benefit of a few

groups of people


Majorities of All Races Believe Ordinary Citizens Can

Influence Government % of __ South Africans saying ordinary citizens ...


32%

31

29

33

62%

67

62

61

TOTAL

White

Mixed-race

Black

Can influence South Africa’s government

if they are willing to make the effort Cannot influence

South Africa’s government


South Africans Most Likely to Influence Their Government

Through Traditional Means

% of South Africans saying they have __ in the past


77%

39

37

27

22

19

17 Signed an online petition

Voted in an election

Participated in a volunteer

organization

Attended a campaign

event/speech

Participated in an

organized protest

Encouraged others’

political action online

Posted comments on

political issues online


High Level of Political Engagement Among African Publics

% saying they have __ in the past


Voted in an

election

Attended a campaign

event/speech

Participated in a volunteer organization

Participated in an organized

protest

Posted comments on political

issues online

Encouraged others’ political

action online

Signed an online

petition

% % % % % % %

Nigeria 85 44 40 22 22 20 8

South Africa 77 37 39 27 19 22 17

Kenya 74 49 40 10 13 13 8

Greece 91 42 19 29 16 8 8

Poland 88 21 21 12 11 9 12

Italy 77 32 31 25 17 16 18

Hungary 72 9 10 7 8 5 11

India 86 38 22 25 9 9 10

U.S. 77 29 54 16 37 34 37


Majority of South Africans Say They Would Take Action to

Confront Social Issues

% of South Africans saying they are __ to take political action on …


51%

52

52

47

42

17%

15

14

13

18

68%

67

66

60

60

Poor health care

Poverty



Police misconduct

Somewhat likely Very likely Total

GLOBAL INVOLVEMENT



Kenyans and Nigerians Strongly Support Involvement in the

Global Economy Our country’s involvement in the global economy is …


25%

25

46

70%

70

48

Nigeria

Kenya

South Africa

A good thing because it

provides new markets and

opportunities for growth

A bad thing because it lowers

wages and costs jobs

November 17, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 27

Trade is good

Trade creates

jobs

Trade raises

wages

Trade decreases

prices

% % % %

Africa 87 62 51 25

Asia 86 56 48 24

Latin America 80 52 41 24

Europe 79 44 28 26

Middle East 77 59 46 38

U.S. 68 20 17 35

MEDIAN 81 54 45 26

Note: Africa median includes Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda. Russia & Ukraine not included in Europe median.

Source: Spring 2014 Global Attitudes survey.

Africans More Positive about Trade than Those in Other Regions

Percent saying …


Perception of Foreign Aid Received

What is your impression about how much foreign aid __ receives?

41%

41

40

39

37

36

36

32

22

37

32%

28

30

27

29

36

26

37

32

30

17%

16

20

15

25

9

28

24

17

17

Tanzania

Senegal

Ghana

Nigeria

Burkina Faso

Ethiopia

Uganda

Kenya

South Africa

MEDIAN

A lot Some Very little


Most Say More Foreign Aid Needed

When it comes to foreign aid, do you think our country needs ___ than/as it gets now?

Note: Data for volunteer category “none” not shown.

89%

85

85

73

68

67

59

49

26

68

2%

6

6

8

7

8

10

16

18

8

3%

5

6

16

18

17

15

17

26

16

Senegal

Burkina Faso

Uganda

Kenya

Ghana

Tanzania

Nigeria

Ethiopia

South Africa

MEDIAN

More About the same Less

VIEWS OF THE WORLD



Highest Ratings for Both U.S. and China in Africa

Favorability of U.S. and China by country

Note: China not included in Asia regional median rating for China. Russia and Ukraine not included in Europe median.

80%

70

75

70

75

74

70

65

52

70


Favorable Views of the U.S. & China across African Nations

Favorable Views of the U.S.

89%

84

81

80

79

78

76

76

74

79

Ghana

Kenya

Ethiopia

Senegal

Burkina Faso

Tanzania

Nigeria

Uganda

South Africa

MEDIAN

Favorable Views of China


South Africans Name United States as Best Example of

Economic Development Which country in the world is the best example of an economically developed country?

Note: ‘Europe’ category combines countries named in Europe. ‘Other’ category combines responses named by 2% or fewer of survey

respondents.


27%

2%

15%

7%

3%

4% 4%

15%

22%

None

United

States China

Australia

Botswana Other

Don’t

know

Japan

Europe

November 17, 2016 www.pewresearch.org 34

Top Reasons Given for Why the U.S. and China are

Economically Successful

When thinking about what makes the U.S./China the best example of an economically developed

country, what first comes to mind?

Note: These are the number of respondents from Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa who offered each of the top responses. These are

NOT percentages.



Chinese Strength Seen in Manufacturing, U.S. Seen in

Jobs, Political Stability % of South Africans saying __ makes China/U.S. the best example of an

economically developed country

Note: Statistically significant responses in bold. Open-end responses combined into general categories.


China U.S. Diff % %

Jobs/economic opportunities/growth/stability 18 38 +20

Political stability/low corruption/good government 1 7 +6

Individual rights/unity/equality 1 6 +5

Peaceful/security 0 5 +5

High living standards/affordable goods 3 7 +4

Education system/standards 6 8 +2

World power/foreign aid/foreign investment 4 2 +2

Agriculture/farming/natural resources 0 2 +2

Infrastructure/roads/electricity/industry 3 1 -2

Strong individual values/hardworking/creative 15 5 -10

Advanced technology/innovated 14 2 -12

Manufacturing/production/goods 22 1 -21


Mostly Positive Views of American Soft Power

Do you have a positive or negative view of American …

83%

73 73

58 56

10%

15 16

33 34

Scientific & tech.

advances

Ways of doing

business

Ideas about

democracy

Music, movies &

television

Ideas & customs

spreading

Postive Negative

Note: Median of Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Uganda.

Source: Spring 2013 Global Attitudes survey.

November 17, 2016 37

All Pew Research Center reports and data are

available online at www.pewresearch.org

Global Attitudes: www.pewglobal.org

@pewglobal

www.pewresearch.org

http://www.pewresearch.org/

http://www.pewglobal.org/

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