South Africa CGG3O.
-
Upload
timothy-waters -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
description
Transcript of South Africa CGG3O.
South Africa CGG3O Geography Located at the southern tip of
Africa, with coastlines on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans Bordered
on the north by Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are
Mozambique and Swaziland Lesotho is entirely surrounded by South
Africa Geography The interior of South Africa is a vast, flat, and
sparsely populated scrubland, the Karoo, which is drier towards the
northwest along the Namib desert In contrast, the eastern coastline
is lush and well-watered, which produces a climate similar to the
tropics Climate Temperate climate Northwest: Desert (Namib)
Southwest: Like Mediterranean with wet winters and hot, dry summers
(produces much of the wine in South Africa) Further east on the
south coast, rainfall is distributed more evenly throughout the
year, producing a green landscape (the Garden Route) There is even
skiing in the Drakensberg mountains (southeast) in the winter
Language and Culture Fought over by Dutch and British since
1600s
About 80% of the South African population is of black African
ancestry (9% white) Became independent in 1931 (controlled by
whites) Based on the 1930 Land Act, over 90% of land was forcibly
taken by white settlers, confining the indigenous people to 7% of
the land Eleven official languages are recognised in the
constitution Two of these languages are of European origin:
Afrikaans (Dutch) and South African English Economy Largest economy
in Africa, and the 28th-largest in the world
One of only four countries in Africa classified as upper-middle
income (along with Botswana, Gabon and Mauritius) But, about a
quarter of the population is unemployed and lives on less than
$1.25 a day Tourism Very little tourism in South Africa from the
1960s to the 1990s South African culture and tourism was boycotted
due to the countrys apartheid policy Apartheid The term apartheid
(from the Afrikaans word for "apartness") was coined in the 1930s
but as a policy goes back to the earliest days of white settelement
After the primarily Afrikaner Nationalists came to power in 1948,
the social custom of apartheid was systematized under law Apartheid
The Population Registration Act of 1950 put all South Africans into
three racial categories: Bantu (black African), white, or Coloured
(of mixed race). A fourth category, Asian (Indians and Pakistanis),
was added later Apartheid The system of apartheid was enforced by a
series of laws passed in the 1950s: races assigned to different
residential and business sections in urban areas restricted
nonwhite residence to specific areas These laws further restricted
the already limited right of black Africans to own land,
entrenching the white minority's control of over 80% of South
African land Apartheid In addition, other laws prohibited most
social contacts between the races; enforced the segregation of
public facilities and the separation of educational standards
created race-specific job categories restricted the powers of
nonwhite unions curbed nonwhite participation in government
Apartheid Also in the 1950s, ten African "homelands" were created,
administered by what were supposed to be reestablished "tribal"
organizations The Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act of 1970 made
every black South African a citizen of one of the homelands,
effectively excluding blacks from South African politics Most of
the homelands, lacking natural resources, were not economically
viable and, being both small and fragmented, lacked the autonomy of
independent states The End of Apartheid Antiapartheid pressure
mounted within and outside South Africa in the late 20th century
The South African government began to dismantle the apartheid
system in the early 1990s In 1994 the country's constitution was
rewritten and free general elections were held for the first time
in its history, and with Nelson Mandela's election as South
Africa's first black president, the last vestiges of the apartheid
system were finally outlawed