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Transcript of south africa and aids
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Submitted by:
Latika Bhojwani(04)
Ranu Goyal (14)Jaykishan Joshi(24)Jaydev Maheta (34)Hiren Ranpara (44)
Priyanka Thakker(54)
South Africa and the AIDS Epidemic
Submitted to:
Prof. Suresh R Lalwani
When you are willing to make sacrifices for a greatcause, you will never be alone.
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Introduction
South Africa has always been in International News but only for the wrong reasons:
Apartheid
Economic crisis
Poverty
AcquiredImmuno DeficiencySyndromeRatio in 2002 1:9
Life expectancy below 50 years
(A nations health is its wealth)
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Conditions in South Africa
Unemployment ---------- 26 %
Inflation in 1991 ----------- 15.3%
Per capita income ------- $3000 (86th in world)
AIDS EPIDEMIC
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World Wide AIDS & HIV Stats
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PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE
The slogan has to be revised in the fight against AIDSPrevention is equal to cure
STAKEHOLDERS involved :
Society
Government
Awareness by NGOs
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
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Society
Great stigma attached with AIDS
In December 1998 on International AIDS day an AIDSactivist declared she was HIV +ive
The affected people were and are treated as if they are
a burden to the society and they should no longer existin the society
They were expelled from even their own family
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Government
Slow in addressing the problem
Gov. was did not provide free distribution of AZT
And the Gov. played the opposite role:
Budget for AIDS $17 million in 1999 and unspent $6.2million
Supported the scientists
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Pharmaceutical Industry
Major players:
Pfizer (USA) ----------- $ 7.3 billion
Glaxo (USA) ------------ $ 7.8 billion
SmithKline (UK) ------------ $ 4.4 billion
Pricing policies:
Drugs were price insensitive
R & D:
Average time 10 to 15 years
Average Cost -- $ 800 million
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Social responsibility --- classical view {STOCK HOLDER}
Commitment to deliver performance
Focus on diseases prevalent in major markets
Price discrimination
Selling costs
Lobbying {Power & Politics}
Estimated that the industry spent $167 million during 2000elections in USA
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WTO and Intellectual Property Rights
Copyrights for literary & artistic works
Trademarks
Patents
WTOs Agreement on TRIPS:
Gov. could deny patent protection when:
Patent holder abused the rights granted by the patent
Medical emergency
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BRAZIL and its commitment for AIDS
In 1996 Brazil passed a law for patent protection
Encouraged domestic players to produce unlicensed copiesof drugs
With this move the costs were cut by 80% for double
therapy and 35% for triple therapy Brazilian President Fernando Cardoso applauded for his
escalation of commitmenteven when he was underpressure to reduce the commitment
Gov. negotiations for lower prices for patented drugs
Merck & Government
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Pharmaceutical Industrys position
Intellectual property rights ---- sine qua non
Compulsory licensing in developing countries
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Issues related to Drug Pricing in DevelopingNations
1997, South African passed law to permit compulsorylicensing of essential drugs
Bristol-Myers Squibb & Merck responded
US placed South Africa on the 301 watch list
Criticism against US policy
< Private welfare instead of Public welfare >
< Trade Terrorism >
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Reactions for the Social Cause
AIDS activists & NGOs {Doctors Without Borders, Act-Up,Health Action international}
September 1999, step backward
December 1999, President Clinton adopted flexible
Summers 2000, Bristol-Myers, Merck & Glaxo made offers
Public reaction
Pfizer agreed for pilot project but feared the evilconsequences
The capitalists should set aside funds for humanitariancause
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Global Fund
India & China in the race to face the same results as Africa
In 2001, UN General Secretary, Kofi Annan, proposed aGlobal Fund to combat AIDS
In 2002, lawsuit dropped against South African Gov.
In May 2001, President Bush announced $200 million inseed money for the fund
Opposition from orthodox countries
By July 2002, $2 billion pledged by the developed countries
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Relation with MANAGEMENT
Management theories are the pathway to resolve anyproblem in a STEP WISE manner
It may be applied from a Small Scale Enterprise to Nation
The Stakeholders need to actively participate to combat thisGlobal Terrorism of AIDS which is the worst war on anynation from a disguised enemy
Society
Government
NGOs
Pharmaceutical Industries
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Society
Cultural Transmission
Social Responsiveness
Situational leadership
The Calm Waters Metaphor CHANGE Process
Awareness more important about the misbelieves regardingthe disease
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Government
The initial steps of MANAGEMENT
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Control
Types of control: Feed forward the most vital
Concurrent control
Feed back
Strategic Tie-ups
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Pharmaceutical Industry
Social responsibility ---- Stakeholder Approach
Greening of Management --- Stage 2
Social Entrepreneurship --- Social Responsiveness to Responsibility
Balanced Scorecard --- Financial Health, Customer Satisfaction, Assets of firm & Growth
Ethical Organization
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NGOs
Role of awareness : Society, Government & Pharma Industry
Self Motivated
Indirect Control on stakeholders
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UNITY AGAINST AIDS
Thank You