sources, regional input patterns and reduction measures ... · how to determine discharges, input...
Transcript of sources, regional input patterns and reduction measures ... · how to determine discharges, input...
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
sources, regional input patterns andreduction measures regarding heavy metals
and PAH’s
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency
28.5.2008
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
pathway oriented quantificationmaterial flow balance quantification
emission inventories – sources, pathways, loads
during the 1980ies
Ï national developments in Germany
Ï application of BAT as requirement for waste waterdischarges
Ï sector regulations (generally binding rules)Ï requirements also for sewer discharges (incl. SME)Ï start of implementation of nutrient removal in UWWTs
Ï international initiatives in the marine conventions
Ï common goal »50-80% reduction of inputs to themarine environment from nutrients and certainhazardous substances « from 1985-1995
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
pathway oriented quantificationmaterial flow balance quantification
emission inventories – sources, pathways, loads
monitoring problem – how to determine input loads?
Ï riverine loads
Ï influence of discharge patternÏ demonstration of effect of measures difficult
Ï regionalised input balances – point and diffuse sources
Ï MONERIS developed as reporting tool a
Ï available for nutrients, heavy metals and selectedorganics
aBehrendt u. a. (1999),Fuchs u. a. (2002)
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
pathway oriented quantificationmaterial flow balance quantification
MONERIS - conceptual approachregionalisation:river catchments
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
pathway oriented quantificationmaterial flow balance quantification
MONERIS - conceptual approachinput datacorine land cover
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
pathway oriented quantificationmaterial flow balance quantification
MONERIS - conceptual approachinput datastatistics on sewer network
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
pathway oriented quantificationmaterial flow balance quantification
MONERIS - conceptual approachinput data:deposition data
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
pathway oriented quantificationmaterial flow balance quantification
MONERIS - conceptual approachÏ semi static empirical model
Ï catchment based, suited for catchments Ê 100km2
Ï in DE ~ 3000 catchments
Ï annual loads per catchment via different »pathways«including point sources
Ï 3-5 year aggregation useful to average out short termhydrological effects
Ï aggregation of pathways for information of origin (e.g.agriculture)
Ï subsequent spatial aggregation and retentioncalculation along the river net
Ï good agreement with measured load
Ï extension als secenario tool ongoing
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
pathway oriented quantificationmaterial flow balance quantification
MONERIS - conceptual approachbut:
Ï no explicit information and quantification of sources (f.e.use pattern of substances)
so:complementary approach necessary – material flow balancea
Ï coverage of all main input sources
Ï input data normally only on country level
Ï no reliable regionalisation
aBöhm u. a. (2002),Hillenbrand u. a. (2005),Hillenbrand u. a. (2007)
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
pathway oriented quantificationmaterial flow balance quantification
material flow balance
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
pathway oriented quantificationmaterial flow balance quantification
material flow balance
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
regionalised quantificationcomparision with other approachesmaterial flow balance
regionalised input results
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
regionalised quantificationcomparision with other approachesmaterial flow balance
temporal developmentresults from Fuchs et al. to be published
1983-1987
1993-1997
1998-2002
2003-2005
CdCr
CuHg
NiPb
Zn
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000(t/a)
reduction of heay metal emissions to surface waters
CdCrCuHgNiPbZn
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
regionalised quantificationcomparision with other approachesmaterial flow balance
temporal developmentresults from Fuchs et al. to be published
Cu-Emissions (1985-2005)
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
1983-1987 1993-1997 1998-2002 2003-2005
(t / a
)
deposition groundwatertile drainagesurface runoffErosionhistorical miningurban systemsUWWTsindustry
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
regionalised quantificationcomparision with other approachesmaterial flow balance
temporal developmentresults from Fuchs et al. to be published
Cd-Emissions (1985-2005)
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
60.000
70.000
1983-1987 1993-1997 1998-2002 2003-2005
(kg
/ a)
deposition groundwatertile drainagesurface runoffErosionhistorical miningurban systemsUWWTsindustry
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
regionalised quantificationcomparision with other approachesmaterial flow balance
temporal developmentresults from Fuchs et al. to be published
Cd-Emissions (1985-2005)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1983-1987 1993-1997 1998-2002 2003-2005
deposition groundwatertile drainagesurface runoffErosionhistorical miningurban systemsUWWTsindustry
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
regionalised quantificationcomparision with other approachesmaterial flow balance
key findings
Ï clear reduction of point sources
Ï industrial direct dischargesÏ municipal discharges
Ï less reduction from diffuse sources
Ï urban areas important source
Ï no correlation to industrial discharges in sewers (BAT forSME since 1980s)
Ï possible diffuse sources drinking water supply,construction material, traffic
Ï erosion processes
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
regionalised quantificationcomparision with other approachesmaterial flow balance
historical mining activitiesrelevance and regional distribution
Ï relevant source for DE
Ï ~ 20 % Cd, 14 % Zn load forGermany
Ï regional problem
Ï ongoing data collection
Ï long term treatment required
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
regionalised quantificationcomparision with other approachesmaterial flow balance
regional relevanceZn emissions from two middle sized catchments in Germany
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Neckar Ruhr
Industry (direct discharges) and mining activities
Municipal wastewater treatment plants
Sewer systems
Groundwater
Erosion
Drainage
Surface runoff
Atmospheric deposition
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
regionalised quantificationcomparision with other approachesmaterial flow balance
comparison of different quantification approachesZn emissions into the Ruhr catchment
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
LAWA (2006) Fuchs, Wander (2006)
Klasmeier et al. (2006) Raschke & Menzel(2004)
Immission Retention Emission
data from Fuchs und Wander (2007)
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
regionalised quantificationcomparision with other approachesmaterial flow balance
results for PAH
Ï data availability problems
Ï analytical problems
Ï high uncertainty forgroundwater (lowconcentration, high volume)
Ï high importance deposition
Ï first estimates ofregionalisation and pathwayseparation
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
regionalised quantificationcomparision with other approachesmaterial flow balance
result comparison
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
reduction measuresgeneral remarks
Ï tailor made strategies necessary
Ï input patternÏ regional patternsÏ use patternsÏ cost effectiveness
Ï tool box approach
Ï different legal implications
Ï product measures best at European levelÏ interface problems in European legislation
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
non substance-specific measuresimproved storm water handling
Ï decentralized pretreatmentof rain run-off
Ï desealing and run-offinfiltration
Ï improved treatment ofstormwater from combinedand separate sewer systems
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
non substance-specific measuresimproved storm water handling
Ï decentralized pretreatmentof rain run-off
Ï desealing and run-offinfiltration
Ï improved treatment ofstormwater from combinedand separate sewer systems
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
non substance-specific measuresimproved storm water handling
Ï decentralized pretreatmentof rain run-off
Ï desealing and run-offinfiltration
Ï improved treatment ofstormwater from combinedand separate sewer systems
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
substance specific measures
Ï substitution, product bans (f.e.)
Ï Cu, Pb containing brake padsÏ products (batteries)Ï Pb use as construction materialÏ lead shot, angling equipment ...
Ï additional treatment as requirement
Ï additional coating of zinc galvanized materials
Ï central dehardening of drinking water ....
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
conclusions
Ï input pattern with high variability in several dimensions
Ï models necessary but careful interpretation of results
Ï urban areas important source
Ï tool box approach for reduction measures required
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
further discussion
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«
how to determine discharges, input and lossesresults
reduction measuresfurther information
further readingavailable from www.umweltbundesamt.de
Literatur
[Behrendt u. a. 1999] BEHRENDT, Horst ; HUBER, Peter ; OPITZ, Dieter ; SCHOLL, Oliver ; SCHOLZ, Gaby ;UEBE, Roger: Nährstoffbilanzierung der Flußgebiete Deutschlands / Umweltbundesamt. 1999 (75/99). –UBA-Texte
[Böhm u. a. 2002] BÖHM, Eberhard ; HILLENBRAND, Thomas ; MARSCHEIDER-WEIDEMANN, Frank: Ermittlungder Quellen für die prioritären Stoffe nach Art. 16 WRRL und Abschätzung ihrer Eintragsmengen in dieGewässer in Deutschland / Umweltbundesamt. 2002 (68/02). – UBA-Texte
[Fuchs u. a. 2002] FUCHS, Stephan ; SCHERER, Ulrike ; HILLENBRAND, Thomas ; MARSCHEID-WEIDEMANN,Frank ; BEHRENDT, Horst ; OPITZ, Dieter: Emission of Heavy Metals and Lindane into River Basins ofGermany / Umweltbundesamt. 2002 (55/02). – UBA-Texte
[Fuchs und Wander 2007] FUCHS, Stephan ; WANDER, Ramona: Relative Significance of the Different ZincEmissions for the Regional Zinc Concentrations in German Surface Waters / Umweltbundesamt. 2007(FKZ 360 12 015). – Final Report
[Hillenbrand u. a. 2007] HILLENBRAND, Thomas ; MARSCHEIDER-WEIDEMANN, Frank ; STRAUCH, Manuel ;HEITMANN, Kerstin ; SCHAFFRIN, Dora: Emissions reduction for priority and priority hazardous substancesof the Water Framework Directive / Umweltbundesamt. 2007 (28/07). – UBA-Texte
[Hillenbrand u. a. 2005] HILLENBRAND, Thomas ; TOUISSANT, Dominik ; BÖHM, Eberhard ; FUCHS, Stephan ;SCHERER, Ulrike ; RUDOLPHI, Alexander ; HOFFMANN, Martin: Einträge von Kupfer, Zink und Blei in Gewässerund Böden - Analyse der Emissionspfade und möglicher Emissionsminderungsmaßnahmen /Umweltbundesamt. 2005 (19/05). – UBA-Texte
Joachim Heidemeier, Federal Environment Agency »heavy metals and PAH in Germany«