Sources Of Political Conflict
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Transcript of Sources Of Political Conflict
![Page 1: Sources Of Political Conflict](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061306/58a1264c1a28abb91b8b6639/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SOURCES OF POLITICAL CONFLICT
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Focus:• Power• Resources• Social Identity• Ideas• Values
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On Power…• Centers on 2 things:
- domination- influence
* the question of who has power in society becomes a question of who has political power
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• A pervasive control of the government is an exercise of political dominance ( domination )
• examples: masters dominating slaves, aristocrats dominating commoners, rich dominating the poor…in history in different countries, religious hierarchy, upper class, and political party have exercised dominance over the government
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• Domination is the predominant mode of political power in authoritarian regimes
• Here the political clique (group) monopolizes governmental authority and imposes its will on the population.
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• Influence is the predominant mode of exercising political power in democracies
• Where the government plays a mediating role, society’s main groups such as business, labor, middle class, religious groups, ethnic groups, etc. may influence the government to help them out or favor them….
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• Methods used to exercise influence:
-personal persuasion (ex.Church on RH Bill)-public demonstration (ex. prayer rally against BJE)-campaign contributions(ex.Chinese chamber of
commerce funding campaign of a certain politician)-votes on election day-bribery and etc.
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On Resources…• Land• Natural resources ( oil, petroleum
reserves etc.)• Money( budget, policies on econ growth
etc.)
- These are typically economic conflicts
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• To help us understand the relationship of economics and politics…
Political Economy
This allows students to look into questions in which various resources are dealt with through political process.
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• Such questions as :
Labor-management relationsClass conflict involving the rich and poor
and those in betweenGovernment policies on economic
growth,taxes, inflation, interest rates,minimum wage etc.
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• In democracies:-private enterprises are given more latitude ( theorist say they are essential in democracy because
economic freedom promote political freedom )
-governments also play a major role in nationaleconomy ( raising taxes, regulating private businesses,
and actually owning corporations )
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• In authoritarian regimes:
-prone to restrict freedom of private enterprise-control over the country’s population requires control of its
economy-in an extreme case, gov may control and operate the
entire economy ( centrally planned economy, i.e. USSR )
-in other cases enterprises are allowed but under the watchful eye of the government ( China in the 1980s, Nazi, etc.)
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One of the most important questions in comparative politics centers on
the relationship between States and Markets
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On Social Identity…• This refers to the ways in which individuals
and groups are defined in society
• To better understand how comparative politics addresses social identity, the following issues need to be dealt with:
-class, ethnicity, religion, gender, and generational identities
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Class• Usually refers to the economic position of
individual or group in society…socioeconomic identity in other words
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Ideas• Socialism:- An ideology which central premise is that
an economy based on private enterprise places excessive economic and political power in the hands of a small band of private entrepreneurs
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- Maintain that humanity is better off if free-enterprise system were abolished all together
-Socialist government to take over factories, banks,farms, etc….
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• Certain disagreements as to how ideals of Socialism should be practiced:
Karl Marx- proposed no government a all; gov always agent of social domination
-did not view socialism is authoritarian term but a liberating force that will free masses from economic exploitation
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Soviet-style Communism: -believed in all powerful
government operated by a well-organized communist party claiming to represent the workers
- Stalin and Mao Ze Dong
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• Fascism: ideology that emerged in Europe in 1920s-1930s
- most malignant manipulation was Hitler’s Nazi Movement which supreme political values were:
1. solidarity and strength of German Nation
2. extermination of non-Aryan race and the Jews
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- In Italy , Benito Moussilini- emphasized national solidarity and pride…glorifying military and opposing democracy
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Political ideology:left-right spectrum
Radical
left
comm
unism dem
ocracy Conservative
authoritarian
fascism
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Values• May be defined as spiritual/moral principles,
ideals, or qualities of life that people favor for their own sake
• Most important values:-freedom -justice promotes
human dignity and civilized relationship
-equality -security-order -community
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• Values may become political when people call on government to guarantee them
• There can be conflict of values:
-freedon vs. Equality-order vs. Freedom (dictatorial) (democracy)
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• Western value- west exultation of individual freedom which will lead ( according to criticisms) to social collapse/breakdown
• Asian value- individual responsibilities to collective community…intense family loyalty
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* Democracy is not a recipe for eliminating conflict, rather it is a mechanism for dealing with it in accordance with generally accepted rules….