Soundscape Approaches Public Space Perception and ... · Data analysis - Sound pressure levels...
Transcript of Soundscape Approaches Public Space Perception and ... · Data analysis - Sound pressure levels...
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Soundscape Approaches
Public Space Perception and Enhancement
Drawing on Experience in Berlin
Prof. Dr. Brigitte Schulte-Fortkamp
Technische Universität Berlin
Germany
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Soundscape project - a module of the project
“Nauener Platz - Remodelling for Young and Old”
Framework of research program “Experimental Housing and Urban
Development (ExWoSt)” [research field “Innovation of Urban
Neighbourhoods for Families and the Elderly”]
Contracting entity:
- “Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Urban Affairs
(BMVBS)”, overseen by “Federal Office for Building and Regional
Planning (BBR)”
Project executing organization:
- “Regional Office Berlin-Mitte”
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“Nauener Platz“
Reinickendorfer Street
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“Nauener Platz”
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Workshop on work material
results „ youngsters“ land management „women“
working group
results „girls“
Participation of residents
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Part I – public discussions
Part II - internal workshop
Participation of residents II
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Urban Soundscaping and outdoor sound design
Classical measurements
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Urban Soundscaping and outdoor sound design
binaural recordings with artificial head
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Urban Soundscaping and outdoor sound design
- Points for measurements chosen from people living or working
there
The new experts (local experts)
- Examination with Soundwalks
Soundwalks
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Measuring points “Nauener Platz”
Modelized area (“Cadna A” / DataKustik) Schematic overview measuring points
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Measuring point 1 (near crossroads
“Reinickendorfer Street” / “School Street”)
Calculated noise map
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Measuring point 1 (near crossroads
“Reinickendorfer Street” / “School Street”)
Spectra (linear / A-weighted), „Artemis“ / HEAD acoustics Results from rating (measuring point 1)
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Measuring point 6
(Entrance “Reinickendorfer Street”)
Calculated noise map
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Measuring point 6
(Entrance “Reinickendorfer Street”)
Spectra (linear / A-weighted), „Artemis“ / HEAD acoustics Results from rating (measuring point 6)
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Measuring point 8
(projected rest area)
Calculated noise map
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Measuring point 8
(projected rest area)
Spectra (linear / A-weighted), „Artemis“ / HEAD acoustics Results from rating (measuring point 8)
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Narrative interviews
- 7 single interviews
- 1 group interview
- approximate 2 – 3h
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Data analysis
- Sound pressure levels (weighted, linear, averages, maxima)
- Calculation related to noise maps
- Sprectal and psychoacoustical analysis based on binaural
recordings
- Rating scales analysis
- Analysis of short-time descriptions and detailed interviews
(qualitative analysis based on “grounded theory”)
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Indicators and meanings
… instead of “just silence”:
- Harmony
- Acoustical home
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Tendencies and results
- Sound pressure level dB(A) decreases with increasing of distance (referring to calculation), but
projected rest area is characterized through low frequency noise
- Green influences the meaning of noise
- Requests for “Green Acoustics” (singing birds, watersounds) for the projected “audio island”
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Installation of the sounds
Sound devices, Barbara Willecke
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cross road new entrance Café Naumi kindergarden walk through entrance reinickendorfer st. playground projected rest area
Stop
traffic noise at playground
traffic noise + forest birds
traffic noise + city birds
traffic noise + shingle beach
Sound masking based on
proposals of the new experts
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Sound masking based on
proposals of the new experts
Spectra of masking sounds,
„Artemis“ / HEAD acoustics
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Installation of the sounds
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Conclusions
• The challenge here is the collaboration
• Binaural acoustic measurements and evaluation through the
new experts brought up the information about the prominence of
low frequency noise
• Balancing between acoustic measurements, architectural
planning and the expertise from people living in the area leads
to a new understanding and concept of a public place – the new
Soundscape
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Impressions “Nauener Platz”
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Validation of the psychoacoustic infrastructure of a
public space in Berlin
based on the concept of Soundscape
V. Acloque, B. Schulte-Fortkamp
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Nauener Platz before and after
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Methods and Tools
• Binaural measurements • Soundwalk with residents and non-residents • 9 Interviews
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Results: Achievement of major goals
• New kind of users:
– more families
– Kindergarten classes in the morning
SECURITY FEELING
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Various sound atmospheres
• Interviews results:
– Traffic = still dominant noise source
BUT
– Human sounds: increased but more lively
– Importance of natural sounds (real or artificial from the sound
installations)
Switching from lo-fi to hi-fi Soundscape
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Subjective loudness and pleasantness
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,50
5,00
Ple
asan
tne
ss
Subjective Pleasantness (average)
SW 1
SW 2
SW 3
SW 4
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,50
5,00
Lou
dn
ess
Subjective Loudness (average)
SW 1
SW 2
SW 3
SW 4
As one could expect, the further one is from the traffic,
the more peaceful the ambience is
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One example: the rose garden (1/2)
• The most quiet area despite the remaining traffic noise
33
Traffic noise
+ metro
vibrations
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One example: the rose garden (2/2)
• Some quotes about this location:
– “traffic disappears, birds are really present, wind in the trees,
small oasis“
– “it’s the most pleasant and the most quiet place“
• Also well accepted by seniors
– “one can simply seat here without a kid, lie on a deckchair or
seat on the bench. It isn’t only relying on the playground”
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The gabion wall
• Standard noise-abatement-wall
inappropriate
- Max. height: 1.50 m
• User-oriented solution
- Along the playground
- Benches for parents directly behind the
wall.
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Impact of the gabion wall
0
10
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16
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63
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Sou
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-pre
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(A)
Frequency Hz
Third-octave Band Spectrum - Gabion Wall
H:1,70m - sightSchool Street
H:1,70m - sightReinickendorferStreet
H:1,15m - sightSchool Street
Gain of max. 6 dB
between 200 Hz and 1
kHz (i.e. rolling noise)
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Remaining issue: the football field
• New organisation: a closed field for football and an open one for
basketball
• Metallic wire mesh around the field
• Burning point for generational conflicts
– For retired people, it is acceptable to play football (even if it
is loud) but not to shoot against the wire mesh as hard as
possible.
– For young people: playing is fun but the noise of the barrier
is a good indication to know who is the strongest
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Football field (1/2)
DAGA 2011 Viviane Acloque, Brigitte Schulte-Fortkamp
38
High peaks for all
psycho-acoustical
parameters (like
sharpness on the left)
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Conclusion
• Good acceptance of the new place,
especially the peaceful area
• Traffic noise is still dominant but became lower thanks to:
– Other more pleasant sources
– The gabion wall