Sound Devices

•Poetry has a musical Poetry has a musical qualityquality

To achieve this musical To achieve this musical effect, poets use:effect, poets use:

rhymerhymerhythmrhythmsound effectssound effects

RepetitionRepetition What’s is purpose?What’s is purpose?

1.1.Musical effect ( quality of Musical effect ( quality of sound) sound)

2.2.Emphasize theme Emphasize theme

3.3.Establish rhythm and Establish rhythm and structurestructure

RhymeRhyme

The The repetitionrepetition of the of the sound of the stressed sound of the stressed vowel vowel

(a,e,i,o,u) and any sounds (a,e,i,o,u) and any sounds that follow it in words that follow it in words that are close together.that are close together.

Examples :Examples :

Look and Book Look and Book

Sat and Fat Sat and Fat

Jar and Car Jar and Car

Blue and Clue Blue and Clue

Types of RhymeTypes of Rhyme

• 1. 1. exact ( pure) rhymeexact ( pure) rhyme : all sounds : all sounds from the stressed vowel to the end of from the stressed vowel to the end of the word are repeated.the word are repeated.

ExampleExample immersion --- conversionimmersion --- conversion pleasurepleasure --- --- treasure treasure sphere--- reveresphere--- revere

2. 2. SlantSlant or approximate, or approximate, rhyme: rhyme: •some sounds are repeated, some sounds are repeated, but the words are not but the words are not exactexact echoes of each other. echoes of each other.

Example: Example: regularly--- regularly--- February February landing --- scanning landing --- scanning song --- gonesong --- gone

3.3. Eye Eye rhyme:rhyme: words that look like words that look like they should rhyme, but do not. they should rhyme, but do not.

Example: Example:

through, rough, dough

Where Rhyme OccursWhere Rhyme Occurs

•End Rhyme:End Rhyme: rhymes that rhymes that occur at occur at endsends of lines. of lines.

•A regular pattern of end A regular pattern of end rhyme, or rhyme, or rhyme schemerhyme scheme, , defines the defines the shapeshape of a of a poem and poem and holds it holds it togethertogether. .

• Use lower case Use lower case lettersletters at at ends of lines to determine ends of lines to determine its rhyme scheme.its rhyme scheme.

• Internal RhymeInternal Rhyme : occurs : occurs withinwithin a line. a line.

• Rhythm Rhythm : musical quality : musical quality based on based on repetition. repetition. Is itIs it fast, lively, bouncy, jingly, fast, lively, bouncy, jingly, slow?slow?

Sound EffectsSound Effects •A.A. OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia: use of words : use of words

that sound like that sound like what they meanwhat they mean. .

Example: Humming, Example: Humming, Thrumming, Thrumming,

Bang, Ouch! Bang, Ouch!

•B.B. AlliterationAlliteration: repetition of the : repetition of the same same consonantconsonant sound in several sound in several words. Usually at the beginning of words. Usually at the beginning of words.words.

•Examples of Examples of Alliteration: Alliteration:

SSally ally ssells ells ssea ea sshells hells down by the down by the ssea ea sshorehore

•C. C. assonance:assonance: repetition of the repetition of the same same vowelvowel sound (short or sound (short or

long) in several words.long) in several words. Example: Example: ShortShort “I” sound: “I” sound: ringring and and silversilver

LongLong “I" sound: “I" sound: rise rise and and plyply

Consonance:Consonance: •Repetition at close intervals Repetition at close intervals

of the middle or final of the middle or final consonant sounds of consonant sounds of accentuated syllable or accentuated syllable or important words.important words.

•Example: Example:

BooBookk, pla, plaquque, thie, thickcker er the Kaa soundthe Kaa sound

Take this kiss upon the brow Take this kiss upon the brow aa

And, in parting from you now, And, in parting from you now, aa

Thus much let me avow Thus much let me avow aa

You are not wrong, who deem You are not wrong, who deem bb

That my days have been a dream; That my days have been a dream; bb

Yet if hope has flown away Yet if hope has flown away cc

In a night, or in a day, In a night, or in a day, c c

In a vision, or in none, In a vision, or in none, dd

Is it therefore the less gone? Is it therefore the less gone? dd

Asll that we see or seem Asll that we see or seem bb

Is but a dream within a dream. Is but a dream within a dream. bb

-- from “ A Dream within a Dream” by -- from “ A Dream within a Dream” by Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe