Sound and music in film

Sound in the silent period (1895-1927)

Lecturers and narrators Traveling dialogue players Production and use of sound effects

machines Organ and piano accompaniment

Pipe organs with sound effects Specially composed orchestral scores

Sound in the silent period (1895-1927)

Sound in the silent period (1895-1927)

Stages of sound production Recording

dialogue, sound effects, and music Foley artists ADR or automatic dialogue replacement

Editing

Mixing

Sound perspective

Close vs. distant miking

Reverberation

Multichannel reproduction in film theaters

Stereo reproduction of sound

Stereo sound in the film theater Lucasfilm THX

Dolby Stereo

Recent sound systems Dolby Stereo Dolby Digital Sound DTS or Digital Theater Systems Sony Dynamic Digital Sound

Dubbing vs. direct sound With dubbing, or post-synchronization,

sound and dialogue is created entirely in the studio.

Direct sound is recorded on set. Filmmaker uses only unaltered location sound.

Sound space, point of view, and levels of narration

Sound off Voice-overs Outside of frame; outside of diegesis

Off-screen sound Outside of frame; within diegesis

Sound and the story space of the film Extradiegetic sound

Music Voice-over or sound-off

External diegetic sound Dialogue Sound effects Music in setting

Internal diegetic sound Thoughts or inner speech of characters

Narrative functions of film music

Cultural musical codes

Cinematic musical codes emotional “barometers” harmonic development rhythm or pacing formal unity musical themes as motifs