SoSE Research Priorities

TECHNICAL PROGRAM 8th International Conference on System of

Systems Engineering (SoSE 2013) June 2nd - June 6th, 2013

Makena Beach and Golf Resort Maui, Hawaii, USA

Conference Theme:

SoSE in Cloud Computing and Emerging Information Technology Applications

Thanks to our Supporters

Multi Agent Bio-Robotics Laboratory, RIT ACE Laboratory, UTSA

Technical Sponsors IEEE Systems Man and Cybernetics Society IEEE Reliability Society International Council on Systems Engineering

Academic Financial Sponsors

Industrial Financial Sponsors

RACKSPCAE—The Open Cloud Company

INTEL Fusion—IO Corporation

Mellanox Technolo-

AMD ARISTA Networks

Lockheed Martin

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI

Technical Committee

Founding Chair Mo Jamshidi, University of Texas San Antonio, USA

Conference General Co-Chairs

Ferat Sahin – Rochester Institute of Technology, USA Ricardo Valerdi – The University of Arizona, USA

Program Co-Chairs

Aly El-Osery – New Mexico Tech, USA Matthew Joordens – Deakin University, Australia

Finance Chair

Ferat Sahin, Rochester Institute of Tech., USA

Tutorial and Organized Sessions Chair Jeff Prevost, University of Texas, San Antonio, USA Jo Ann Lane, University of Southern California, USA

Ray Buettner, Naval Postgraduate School, USA

Local Arrangements Chair Ted Shaneyfelt, Hilo, Hawaii, USA

Publications Chairs

Wenbin Luo, St. Mary’s University, USA

Industrial Liaisons Garry Roedler, Lockheed Martin Corp., USA

Paul Rad, Rackspace Corporation, USA

Military Liaison Robb Wirthlin, Air Force Institute of Technology, USA Daniel Pack, University of Texas, San Antonio, USA

Europe Liaison

Michael Henshaw, Loughborough University, UK Roberto Sacile, University of Genova, Italy

Asia & Pacific Liaisons:

Saeid Nahavandi, Deakin University, Australia


Message from the Program Chairs

Welcome to the 8th International IEEE Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE 2013) in Maui, Hawaii, USA. We are very proud of the quality of the papers submitted to the conference. A total of 101 papers where submitted for this year’s conference. With the help of our dedicated program committee members and reviewers we have conducted close to 300 reviews, based on which 73 papers were selected. The program chairs would like to acknowledge the program committee members and the reviewers that made it possible to process review and select the papers presented in this conference in a very short time period. Without their help this conference would not have been possible. With sincere apologies to anyone whose name was inadvertently omitted, the help of the following individuals who serve as the Program Committee, helped in reviewing papers, and perform other needed chores, is very much appreciated. A. Ajorlou H. Erives G. Muscato G. Anderson S. Fichera X. Pan D. Andina B. Fonooni G. Quintana-Carapia M. Arthur D. Gan A. Rad M. Asadi R. German A. Rahimian A. Awad A. Gorod G. Rebovich A. Badawi C. Guariniello B. Reidy V. Barot J. Habibi M. Reuter P. Benavidez Y. Hata S. Rubin J. Benítez-Read S. Hinsley I. Saboori S. Bodiroza B. Horan G. Schillaci G. Borghesan V. Ireland V. Schneider R. Bowen A. Jevtić M. Shing B. Castillo-Toledo M. Johnson A. Shokr J. Chen N. Kawarazaki K. Shujaee E. Cinar B. Kelley J. Simpson R. Cole R. Kenley R. Someshwar S. Cook S. Kobashi N. Takagi M. Dabkowski H. Krishnaswami D. Thebeau J. Dahmann N. Kubota E. Tunstel N. Davendralingam K. Kuramoto P. Uday D. DeLaurentis W. Lawless K. Wedeward G. Doisy A. Lee B. White D. Eckelkamp K. Manoj J. Zheng J. Eckert M. Mansouri I. El-Osery J. Monreal Aly El-Osery Matthew Joordens New Mexico Tech, USA Deakin University, Australia


(Sunday 6/02) Day 1 (Mon 6/03) Day 2 (Tue 6/04) Day 3 (Wed 6/05) Day 4 (Thu 6/06)

Registration (0730-0810) Registration (0730-0820)

Welcome (0810-0840) Keynote 4 Keynote 5 Keynote 7

Keynote 1 (0820-0920) (0820-0920) (0820-0920)

(0840-0940)

Panel 1 (0940 -

1040)

Panel 2 Keynote 6 Session 9

(0920-1020) (0920-1020) (0920-1035)

Break (1020-1035) Break (1020-1035)

Break (1040-1055) Closing and Future SoSE Conference (1035-1100)

Keynote 2 Session 3 A/B/C Session 6 A/B/C

(1055-1155) Keynote 3 (1035-1215) (1035-1215) (1155 1255)

Lunch (1255-1430) Lunch (1215-1335) Lunch (1215-1335)

Session 1 A/B Session 4 A/B Session 7 A/B/C

(1430-1545) (1335-1450) (1335-1450)

Break (1450-1510) Break (1450-1510)

Break (1545-1605) Session 5 A/B/C Session 8 A/B/C

Session 2 A/B/C (1510-1625) (1510-1650)

Registration (1600-1800) (1605-1725)

Reception (1800-1930) Banquet - Private Luau (1900-2200) Maluaka Lawn

Pacific Lawn


Day 1 (Mon 6/03) 0730-0810 Registration 0810-0840

Welcome Ka'eo Ballroom

0840-0940

Keynote 1: Paul Rad, John Engates - The Power of Open Cloud for Scientific Research, Private Cloud Certification Programs, US

Ka'eo Ballroom

0940 - 1040

Panel 1: Enterprise Vendors in the Open Cloud Ecosystem for BigData and High Performance Computing

Ka'eo Ballroom

1040-1055

Break + Poster Holokai Pavilion

1055 - 1155

Keynote 2: Steven Woodward - Cloud Computing – Cultural Perspectives and Progress, Cloud Perspectives , US

Ka'eo Ballroom

1155 - 1255

Keynote 3: Imre J. Rudas - Cloud based collaborative system development, Óbuda University, Budapest

Ka'eo Ballroom

1255 - 1430

Lunch Holokai Pavilion

1430 - 1545

Session 1A: Health and Medical Systems Makena Room

Session 1B: Architecture, Design, and V&V Methods (I) Waliea Room

Vascular Occlusion Training as an Alternate Method of Gaining Muscle (Matthew Joordens,

Deakin University, Australia)

A ROSETTA Framework for Live-Synthetic Aviation Trade-offs: Preliminary Report (Charles E. Dickerson, Loughborough

University, United Kingdom)

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) - A Systems of Systems Engineering Characterization

(Lawrence Pihera, Georgia Tech Research Institute, USA)

Common Software Platforms in System-of-Systems Architectures: The State of the

Practice (John Klein, Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon, USA)

Time Delay Estimation in Gene Regulatory Networks (Elmira Mohyedinbonab, UTSA, USA)

Net-Centric System of Systems Framework For Human Detection (Ryan Bowen,

Rochester Institute of Technology, USA) 1545 - 1605

Break Holokai Pavilion

1605 - 1725

Session 2A: Cloud Computing Makena Room

Session 2B: Modelling and Analysis Methods (I)

Waliea Room

Optimal Update Frequency Model for Physical Machine State Change and Virtual Machine

Placement in the Cloud (John J Prevost, University of Texas in San Antonio, USA)

Approach for Structuring the Product Environment for a Systematic Analysis

of Field Data (Michel Mamrot, University of Wuppertal, Germany)

An Exploratory Analysis of the Influence of Information Security on the Adoption of Cloud

Computing (Syed (Shawon) Rahman, University of Hawaii-Hilo, USA)

Social Networks and Crowdsourcing for Stakeholder Analysis in System of Systems Projects (Soo Ling Lim, Bournemouth University, United

Kingdom)

Regional Failure Survivability for Cloud Networking Services Using Post Fault

Restoration (Feng Gu, University of New Mexico, USA)

Configuration of a Standoff Detection System via Rapid, Model-Based Systems Engineering ( Scott Rosen, MITRE Corporation,

Session 2C: Miscellaneous (I) Makena Room

Description of Fluid Flow as a System of Systems (Adalat Pashayev, Kiber Ltd

Company, Azerbaijan) USA)

A System based Approach to Construct a Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus

(KSHV) Specific Pathway Crosstalk Network (Amy W Daali, University of Texas at San

Antonio, USA)


Day 2 (Tue 6/04) 0730-0820 Registration

0820-0920

Keynote 4 Garry Roedler SoSE Considerations in SE Standardization, Lockeed Martin, USA

Ka'eo Ballroom

0920 - 1020

Panel 2 - Industry Panel on System of Systems Engineering Ka'eo Ballroom

1020 - 1035

Break + Poster Holokai Pavilion

1035 - 1215

Session 3A: Modelling and Analysis Methods (II)

Makena Room

Session 3B: MSL 1: On board Technologies and Systems Engineering

(I) Waliea Room

Research on Networked Description and Modeling Methods of Armament System-of-Systems Structure (Huilin Shang, National

University of Defense Technology, P.R. China)

Verification and Validation of Mars Science Laboratory Surface System

(Richard Welch, Jet Propulsion Laborarory, USA)

Network Optimization Models for Resource Allocation in Armament System-of-Systems Development Planning (Ning Gu, National

University of Defense Technology, P.R. China)

Systems Engineering the Curiosity Rover: A Retrospective ((Richard Welch,

Jet Propulsion Laborarory, USA)

Session 3C: System of Systems Security Makena Room Test and Validation of the Mars Science

Laboratory Robotic Arm (Matthew Robinson, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,

USA)

A Cloud Storage Access Control Policy Based On MA-ABE (Feng Tao, Lanzhou University of

Technology, P.R. China)

Dreaming on Mars: How Curiosity Performs Actuator Warm-Up while Sleeping (Gene Lee, Jet Propulsion

Laboratory, USA)

1215 – 1335

Lunch Holokai Pavilion

1335 – 1450

Session 4A: Modelling and Analysis Methods (III)

Makena Room

Session 4B: Engineering Case Studies (I)

Waliea Room

Weighted Network Modeling for Communication Mode Selection in System-of-Systems Operation Based on Memristor (Feng

Zhao, Tsinghua University, P.R. China)

Modeling a Real Case Metasystem Architecture Using Finite State Process Formalism (Roberto Rodrigues, Ministry

of Social Development, Brazil)

Modelling of a Nuclear Emergency Plan: A System of Systems Engineering Approach (Mario Ramírez Ferrero, Universidad de

Burgos, Spain)

Achieving Action to Improve the Framework for Defence Strategy and

Execution: A Case Study (Stephen Cook, University of South Australia, Australia)

A Mechanism Design Framework for the Acquisition of Independently Managed

Systems of Systems (Navindran Davendralingam, Purdue University, USA)

Governance of Enterprise Transformation: Case Study of the FAA

NextGen Project (Hamid R. Darabi, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA)

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI 1450-1510

Break Holokai Pavilion

1510-1625

Session 5A: Modelling and Analysis Methods (IV)

Makena Room

Session 5B: Smart Grid Technologies Waliea Room

Towards Interacting Systems in Product Lifecycle Management (László Horváth, Óbuda

University, Hungary)

A Monitoring Point Selection Approach for Power Distribution Systems (Hirofumi

Terada, Hitachi Ltd., Japan)

Engineering Human Capital: A System of Systems Modeling Approach (Dennis Folds,

Georgia Institute of Technology, USA)

Modeling of System of Systems via Data Analytics - Case for "Big Data" in SoS (Barnabas Tannahill, The University of

Texas at San Antonio, USA)

Change-Ready Manufacturing Planning and Control Systems (Mohamed Ismail, University

of Regina, Canada)

Optimal Power Flow and Energy-Sharing Among Multi-agent Systems in the Smart

Grid (Feng Tao, Lanzhou University of Technology, P.R. China)

1900-2200

Banquet - Private Luau (1900-2100) Maluaka Lawn


Day 3 (Wed 6/05)

0730-0820 Registration

0820-0920 Keynote 5: Michael C. Jones - SoS: A Lens to Focus Innovation at U.S. Pacific Fleet,

Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, US Ka'eo Ballroom

0920 -1020 Keynote 6 Saeid Nahavandi - Factories of the Future: A System of Systems

Engineering Perspective, Deakin University, Australia Ka'eo Ballroom

1020 - 1035 Break Holokai Pavilion

1035 - 1215

Session 6A: MSL 2: Ground Data Systems & Operations Technologies

Makena Room

Session 6B: Engineering Case Studies (II) Waliea Room

High-Accuracy Heading Determination (Aly El-Osery, New Mexico Tech, USA)

A capability based approach to enterprise transformation (Mikhail Belov, IBS, Russia)

Updates to the Rover Driving Tools for Curiosity (John Wright, Jet Propulsion

Laboratory, USA)

Reflection on a model of accident to help to implement efficient prevention strategies (Raoul Textoris, Mines ParisTech, France)

Session 6C: Process and Technology Makena Room The Integrated Blast Effects Sensor Suite:

A Rapidly Developed, Complex, System of Systems (Nick Mulkey, Georgia Tech

Research Institute, USA)

Real-Time 2D Hands Detection and Tracking for Sign Language

Recognition (Shuqiong Wu, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan)

Strategic Systems Planning and Decision

Framework for System of Systems Resilience (Matthew Montoya, The Johns

Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, USA)

The International Space Station: Applying System of Systems Methodology (Noah

Wenger, Baruch College, USA)

1215 - 1335

1335 - 1450

Session 7A: Miscellaneous (II) Makena Room

Session 7B: MSL 1: On board Technologies and Systems Engineering (II)

Waliea Room

Towards a Systems of Systems Engineering EU Strategic Research

Agenda (Sharon Henson, Loughborough University, United

Kingdom)

Mars Science Laboratory Frame Manager for Centralized Frame Tree Database and Target Pointing (Won Kim, Jet Propulsion

Laboratory, USA)

Adaptive tracking controller design for a bicycle (Asim H. Syed, King Fahd

University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia)

Mars Science Laboratory CHIMRA/IC/DRT Flight Software for Sample Acquisition and

Processing (Won Kim, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA)

Session 7C: Reliability, Security, and Safety

Makena Room In-situ Operations and Planning for the Mars Science Laboratory Robotic Arm: The

First 200 Sols (Matthew Robinson, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA)

Research on mission reliability modeling of system of systems (YuanXing Huang, Beihang University, P.R. China)


1450-1510 Break Holokai Pavilion

1510-1600

Session 8A: Architecture, Design, and V&V Methods (II)

Makena Room

Session 8B: INCOSE AWG Session - Innovations in Architecture and SoSE

Waliea Room

System of Systems for Autonomous Mission Decisions (Paul C. Hershey

(Raytheon, Inc., USA)

Design of a Web-based Thesaurus for Systems of Systems Engineering (Vishal Barot, Loughborough University, United

Kingdom)

A Novel Approach of SoS Modeling and Comprehensive Evaluation based-on Ontology (Jing Zhang, Science and Technology on Complex Systems

Simulation Laboratory, P.R. China)

Recognising further concepts from complex systems research in SoSE (Vernon Ireland, The University of

Adelaide, Australia)

1600-1650

The Evaluation Method for Brittleness of SoS Architecture Based on Entropy (Jun Zhang, Beihang University, P.R.

China)

Session 8D: Miscellaneous (III) Waliea Room

Hierarchical Robotic Crane System for Post Grid Array Environments (Ted Shaneyfelt,

University of Hawaii at Hilo, USA)

A Meta-System Architecture for the Energy-Water Nexus (William Lubega,

Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, UAE)

Minimizing Energy Consumption in Random Walk Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

utilizing Compressed Sensing (Minh Nguyen, Oklahoma State University, USA)


Day 4 (Thu 6/06)

0730-0820 Registration

0820 -0920 Keynote 7: Michael J de C Henshaw - SoSE Research Priorities: an essential

international agenda, Loughborough University, UK Ka'eo Ballroom

0920-1035

Session 9 -Miscellaneous (IV) Ka'eo Ballroom

Terms Extraction from Unstructured Data Silos (Richard Lomotey, University of Saskatchewan, Canada)

Understanding Patterns for System of Systems Integration (Rick Kazman, University of Hawaii, USA)

Formalisation and Mapping of Terminologies for Systems of Systems Engineering Thesaurus (Huseyin Dogan, The School of Design, Engineering and Computing,

Bournemouth University, United Kingdom))

1035-1100

Closing and Future SoSE Conference Ka'eo Ballroom

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Keynote 1

The Power of Open Cloud for Scientific Research Academic and scientific research often involves the construction of mathematical and numerical models to solve scientific and engineering problems. Traditionally, these complex and intensive computational models have been implemented on super computers or high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructure. HPC has revolutionized engineering and scientific research, however, it is difficult to setup and operate, and can create a painful experience for researchers who often have to wait in a long line whether it’s for a few hours or a few days. Open Cloud Research platform refers to the convergence of Open Compute and OpenStack for building HPC and Big Data Cloud Infrastructure when applied to scientific research. Universities have always been at the forefront of innovation, because of the focus on research, and have embraced open standards and collaboration. When hundreds of researchers contribute toward a shared purpose, everyone benefits. In fact, open sourced software has proven that proprietary ownership often precludes innovation. This session represents an evolution of the Open Cloud Research model defined by several universities that harness a powerful combination of the major advances in IT infrastructure “as a Service” with the collective intelligence and wisdom of open communities and universities for radically transforming how HPC and Big Data serve the needs of scientific research computing.

Paul Rad As Vice President of Private Cloud Certification Programs, Paul is responsible for building an enterprise ready computing platform based on Rackspace Private Cloud Software. Paul started his career as a computer architect by founding Data Processing Corp, overseas before moving to the United States, and later held product and services leadership roles at Data

Concepts and Dell Inc. He has numerous published articles on enterprise solutions and holds several U.S. patents in the fields of virtualization, cloud computing, software engineering and quality assurance. Paul holds a Master of Computer Architecture from Sharif University and a Master of Computer Science from University of Texas at San Antonio. Paul has been a strong supporter of connecting university and industry in order to build the future workforce. He is a standing committee member of Quantitative Literacy at University of Texas at San Antonio.

John Engates John Engates is the Chief Technology Officer at Rackspace Hosting, the world’s leading specialist in hosting and cloud computing. John joined Rackspace in August 2000, just a year after the company was founded, as Vice President of Operations, managing the datacenter operations and customer-service teams. Two years later, when Rackspace decided to

add new services for larger enterprise customers, John created and helped develop the Intensive Hosting business unit. Rackspace decided to add new services for larger enterprise customers, John created and helped develop the Intensive Hosting business unit. Most recently, John is playing an active role in the evolution and evangelism of Rackspace’s cloud-computing strategy and cloud products. John meets frequently with customers to hear about their needs and ideas for the cloud, and to discuss Rackspace’s vision for the future of cloud computing. Prior to joining Rackspace, John was a founder and General Manager at Internet Direct, one of the original Internet service providers in Texas. John is a graduate of the University of Texas at San Antonio and holds a bachelor’s degree in Accounting.

Keynote Chair – Mo Jamshidi


Cloud Computing – Cultural Perspectives and Progress

Steven Woodward

Many organizations are evaluating and migrating toward cloud computing solutions. In 2013, the challenges are less technological, and more cultural and policy, related. Steven Woodward shares updates from numerous of the international cloud standards related organizations. In Canada, he leads several of the cloud computing initiatives in both the private and public sectors. Steven describes key cloud ecosystems models, with policy, security, privacy, and cultural considerations in the context of cloud systems engineering. When considering cloud computing service models, old habits need to be reassessed and refined. Systems engineers in the cloud need to be aware of the various options and specifically where they fit in the cloud ecosystem. Steven relates real-life practical scenarios to emphasize cultural and business perspectives for cloud computing opportunities and the benefits already quantified.

Biography: Steven Woodward is CEO founder of Cloud Perspectives and is the Canadian Cloud Council Director of Cloud Governance, clarifying cloud computing opportunities and facilitating appropriate cloud computing adoption. Steven was also recently announced as the Chief Cloud Officer at “the Politburo”, an innovative Canadian hosted cloud provider. He is a leading contributor to the National Institute of Standards for Technology (NIST), TM Forum, Object Management Group Cloud Standards Customer Council and the International

Telecommunication Union (ITU) Joint Collaboration Activity working groups. Steven represents the Canadian Advanced Technology Alliance at the Shared Services Canada Architecture Advisory Committee and is defining the Canadian Federal Government Cloud Computing Strategy. Steven is also one of the founding executives at the Canadian Chapter of the Cloud Security Alliance (CSA). In addition to cloud standards and best practices guides, he authored the “Cloud Computing Solution Measurement” chapter in the 2012 CRC Press published book, “The IFPUG Guide to IT and Software Measurement.” In 2010 he was elected to the International Function Point Users Group (IFPUG) board of directors where he is responsible for conferences and education. A frequent international instructor, presenter and leader, he continues to help establish realistic metrics, plans, contracts, SLAs and governance practices for cloud computing.

Keynote Chair – Ricardo Valerdi

Key

provSincthe sextrabe vnon-In theditothe cand UsermodsysteBejc

BioImreEötvScienTechas a PresimemEngiIFSAjournIntelInterCybescienSoft book

ynote 3

Clou

vides very effee the virtual esystem. Thereacted via virtuery powerful.-existent futurhe second partor application collaborative smanipulate thrs come togeth

del, interact wiem. The democzy Intelligent

ographe J. Rudas gravös Loránd Unnce degree frohnical Universfull universit

ident of Óbudmber of IES, ineering. He sA, he had beennals, includinglligence, memrnational Confernetics (ICCCntific internatiComputing, C

ks, various sci

SoSE 2013 8

ud bas

ective means oenvironment iefore, in this ual sensors, w Using this de

re technologiet of the lecturis used to bui

system setup he system. In her in a shareith intelligent onstration is p Robotics Cen

hy: aduated from Bniversity, Budom the Hungsity of Košicety professor Hda University, he served IE

served IFSA (In the Presideng IEEE Transa

mber of variouference SeriesC), and some ional conferenComputationaientific journa

8th Internatio

sed co

of collaborativin VirCA is geenvironment

which need notesign philosops for the devere on-line opeild complex sthe cooperatothe demo, a t

ed virtual envvirtual agents

prepared with nter of Obuda

Bánki Donát Pdapest, the Ph.Darian Academ

e, Slovakia andHe served as t

the successorES as a Vice-International Fnt of Hungariaactions on Ind

us national ans on Intelligeninternational

nces. His preal Cyberneticsals and interna

onal Confere

ollaboImr

TitV3csnwwFocp(sCItidwccw

ve R&D. enerated by ceverything c

t even exist inphy, VirCA islopment of neeration of the systems from ors enter into typical use-cavironment provs, identify andthe contributiUniversity.

Polytechnic, BD. in Robotic

my of Scienced the second othe President r of Budapest -President in Fuzzy Systeman Fuzzy Assodustrial Electrnd internationant Engineering

symposia. Hsent areas of s, Fuzzy Cont

ational confere

Keynote

ence on Syst

rativere J. RuThe presentatinternet and thoughts are VirCA provid3D content, ancontext, whilespatially and/network. The with the real wworld in the cFrom a globaof flexibly incenters, imaprovided by i(e.g., robots, supported byComponent stIn our vision,through an inin order to prodevelopment who are not continent to common virtuwhich highlig

omputers, all an be measur

n the real wors capable of aew algorithms

platform willdistributed cothe shared vir

ase coming frovided by VirC

d solve problemon of MTA S

Budapest in 1s from the Hus in 2004. Heone from “Polof Budapest Tech for a pe2000-2001.

m Association)ociation for teronics, membeal scientific cg Systems (INe has served a

f research actitrol and Fuzzence proceedin

Chair – Fe

em of System

e systeudas tion summariz

cloud basedcomposed by

des a platformnd collaboratie the particip/or logically 3D content a

world, which collaboration al perspective, ntegrating dige processininstitutions, laairplanes etc

y the RT-Mtandard. , the power o

nnovation storomote the fastand innovatinecessarily idesign, deve

ual workspaceghts one poss

information hred or detecterld today. Succcommodatin

s for various sel be demonstr

omponents runrtual workplacom the manufCA where thems as if they w

SZTAKI, FBK

971, receivedungarian Acade received hislytechnica” UnTech from 20

eriod of five yHe is the Vi) as Vice-Presen years. He seer of editorial ommittees. H

NES) and IEEEas General Chivities are: Rozy Sets. He hangs.

erat Sahin

ms Engineeri

em dev

zes the resultsd collaborativy the Virtual

m where users ively interact wating hardwardistributed a

and processesallows the co

arena VirCA is the

istinct functiong capabilitieaboratories arc.) and virtuaMiddleware

of the philosopre that is capat knowledge ton. In this win the same elop and intee. VirCA can bsible aspect o

has a correspoed, and variouh combination

ng virtual expeensor and acturated. In the fnning on diffece of VirCA wfacturing engiey are able towere co-locate

K – University

d the Master Ddemy of Sciens first Doctor niversity of T003 till 2010.years. He is a ice-President ident in 2004-erves as an asboard of Jour

He is the foundE Internationahairman and Pobotics, Cloudas published b

ing, Maui, H

velopm

s and ideas ofve system de

Collaboratiocan build, shawith real-timere and softwaand connected in VirCA ca

ombination of

e first platformonal compones, controlleround the woal objects. Th

and the R

phy behind Vable of distribtransfer in theway VirCA elocation, or eegrate solutiobe consideredof Future Inte

onding internaus kinds of inn of real and eriments usinguator setups. first step, the erent geographwhere they caineering field investigate aed in an imme

y of Kaiserslau

Degree in Matnces in 1987, w

Honoris CausTimisoara, Rom. He was elecFellow of IEEof the Hunga-2009, now hessociate editorrnal of Advancder of the IESal ConferenceProgram Chaid Computing books, more t

I

ment

f a new generevelopment. Tn Arena (Virare and manipe processes in are devices cad together v

an be synchrof reality and v

m which is caents (e.g., sp

er modules, orld with bothhis capabilitie

Robot Techno

VirCA will embuting compone fields of resenables researeven on the ons together d as a pilot solernet, and as

al representatinformation cavirtual sensorg both existen

web based syhic locations. an observe, cowill be addre

a virtual shop ersive visualizutern and the A

thematics fromwhile the Doctsa degree frommania. He is acted in 2010 aEE, Senior Adarian Academe is the treasurr of some scieced ComputatS Sponsored

e on Computatirman of num(Cloud Robo

than 650 pape

ration These rCA). pulate

a 3D an be ia IP nized

virtual

apable peech

etc.) h real es are ology

merge nents, earch, rchers same in a

lution such

ion in an be rs can nt and

ystem After

ontrol essed:

floor zation Antal

m the tor of m the active as the dCom my of rer of

entific tional IEEE tional

merous otics), ers in


SoSE Considerations in SE Standardization

Garry Roedler

We are surrounded by standards for nearly everything we do. This is not a new thing for engineering, including systems engineering. So, how do we accommodate the need for the broader perspective of System of Systems Engineering in the current set of systems engineering standards and guidance? Is there a void? Do we need to throw away what we have and start over? Or is it more of the perspective in which we view and use these resources, including considerations of SoSE in our planning? This presentation will look at the current set of influences on SE and SoSE and examine these questions.

Biography: Garry Roedler is a Fellow and the Engineering Outreach Program Manager for Lockheed Martin. His systems engineering experience spans the full life cycle and includes technical leadership roles in both programs and systems engineering business functions. Garry holds degrees in mathematics education and mechanical engineering fromTempleUniversityand the Expert Systems Engineering Professional (ESEP) certification from INCOSE. Garry is an INCOSE Fellow, author of numerous publications and presentations, and the recipient of many awards, including the INCOSE Founders Award, Best SE Journal Article, IEEE Golden Core, Lockheed Martin Technical Leadership Award and Lockheed Martin NOVA Award. His leadership roles across many technical organizations include Chair of the INCOSE Corporate Advisory Board, steering group member for the National Defense Industrial Association Systems Engineering Division, working group chair for the IEEE Joint Working Group for DoD Systems Engineering Standardization, editor of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288, Systems Life Cycle Processes and several other standards, and key roles in the development of the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK) and the INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook. This unique set of roles has enabled Garry to influence the technical co-evolution and consistency of these key resources.

Keynote Chair – Aly El-Osery


SoS: A Lens to Focus Innovation at U.S. Pacific Fleet

Michael C. Jones

The U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM) is one of six U.S. regional combatant commands. Its mission is to, in concert with other US government agencies and regional military partners, promote security and peaceful development in the Asia-Pacific region by deterring aggression, advancing regional security cooperation, responding to crises, and fighting to win. The PACOM area of responsibility (AOR) covers over fifty percent of the world’s surface area, approximately 105 million square miles, almost sixty percent of the world’s population, thirty-six countries, twenty territories, and ten territories and possessions of the United States. This mission is too large for any one service, or even the joint forces of any one nation, to accomplish. This mission requires a coalition force. That coalition force is an excellent example of a System of Systems (SoS), exhibiting the five characteristics of a SoS as well as the challenges commonly found in SoS. PACOM employs the lessons learned from the field of SoSE, along with the full range of agile acquisition methods available within the U.S. DoD, to spark innovation and strengthen the coalition SoS while evolving the SoS to meet the challenges of tomorrow. Recent SoS solutions including MDI Gateway will be discussed.

Biography: MICHAEL C. JONES is a program manager and member of the Senior Professional Staff at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) where he is currently serving as the JHU/APL liaison to U.S. Pacific Command. He is an adjunct instructor at Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering where he teaches graduate courses in systems engineering and modeling and simulation. He is a Ph.D. student in the Modeling and Simulation Program at Old Dominion University. His current research is in conceptual modeling and composability of simulations in support of System of Systems Engineering. He holds an Executive M.B.A. in Defense Acquisition and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering, both from the Naval Postgraduate School, a B.S. in Computer Science from the United States Naval Academy., and CSEP certification by INCOSE. He completed his naval career following 20 years in submarines

Keynote Chair – Garry Roedler


Factories of the Future: A System of Systems Engineering Perspective

Saeid Nahavandi

Factories of the Future will be distinguished by intelligent machines, automation, human factors integration and knowledge management. Modelling and simulation is recognised as a key enabling technology essential to economic, social and environmental sustainability of future manufacturing systems. This talk will explore the history, recent achievements and directions in modelling and simulation for 21st century factories and supply chains. A systems science approach is employed, from stakeholder engagement through participative modelling to self-tuning and self-assembling simulations. Our contributions lower the cost of the application of modelling and simulation to manufacturing processes, enabling real time planning, dynamic risk analysis, dashboards and 3D visualisation. This realisation of the virtual factory integrates human factors and decisions into the core technology platform. The implications to future manufacturing enterprises are explored through a series of case studies from aerospace, mining and small and medium manufacturing enterprises.

Biography: Saeid Nahavandi received his BSc (Hons), MSc and PhD in Control Engineering from Durham University, UK in 1985, 1986 and 1991 respectively. Saeid is an Alfred Deakin Professor and the Director for the Centre for Intelligent Systems Research at Deakin University in Australia. Professor Nahavandi is a Fellow member of IET, IEAust and Senior Member of IEEE and has published over 450 refereed papers and been awarded several competitive Australian Research Council (ARC) grants over the past five years. He received the Research collaboration / initiatives award from Japan (2000) and Prince & Princess of Wales Science Award in 1994. He won the title of Young Engineer of the Year Award in 1996 and holds two patents. In 2002 Professor Nahavandi served as a consultant to the Jet Propulsion Lab (NASA) during his visit to JPL Labs. In 2006 he received the title of Alfred Deakin Professor, the highest honour at Deakin University for his contribution to fundamental research. Professor Nahavandi is the founder of the Centre for Intelligent Systems Research with 60 full time researchers at Deakin University. In modelling and simulation of complex systems he received awards from several organisations to focus on simulation based optimization of manufacturing processes, airport operations, logistics and distribution centres. He has carried out industry based research with several major international companies such as GM, Ford, Holden, Nissan, Bosch, Futuris, Boeing, Vestas just to name a few. For his contribution in haptics and robotics he won two major research grants from the Australian Department of Defence on haptically enabled counter explosive robot design. Professor Nahavandi was General Co-Chair for the IEEE SMC 2011. He also holds the position of Co-Editor-in-Chief for IEEE Systems Journal.

Keynote Chair – Matthew Joordens


SoSE Research Priorities: an essential international agenda

Michael J de C Henshaw

In 2007, Dan Delaurentis et. al.[1] made the case for an International Consortium in Systems of Systems that would: “…lead efforts in clarifying ambiguities and in seeking remedies to numerous open questions with respect to SoS analysis, SoS engineering (SoSE)…” Now, six years later, a good many of the ambiguities have been resolved, but the numerous open questions remain and, if anything, may have multiplied. Except for very specific cases, the difficulty with research into SoS is knowing where to start: everything depends on everything else! Using a consortium approach, the T-AREA-SoS programme has developed a strategic research agenda in SoS(E) that has drawn on the knowledge of nearly 100 members of an expert community. This international community includes professionals from industry, government, and academia in fifteen countries. It has prioritised research endeavours within twelve overarching themes, of Theoretical Foundations for SoS, Characterisation and Description of SoS, Predicting and Managing Emergence, Measurement and Metrics, Multi-Level Modelling, Evaluation of SoS, Human and Organisational Aspects, Trade-Off, Prototyping of SoS, Definition and Evolution of SoS Architecture, Energy Efficient SoS, Security. In this keynote, Michael Henshaw will elaborate the crucial research questions in each theme and the relationships between them. He will set forth a strategic research agenda that should be the basis for international collaboration in SoSE research. [1] De Laurentis, Dan,; Dickerson, Charles E.; DiMario, Michael J.; Gartz, Paul Ebner;

Jamshidi, Mohammad O.; Nahavandi, Saeid; Sage, Andrew P., Jr.; Sloane, Elliot B.; Walker, Donald R., A Case for an International Consortium on System-of-Systems

Engineering, Systems Journal, IEEE, 1(1), pp 68-73, Sept. 2007

Biography: Michael Henshaw is Professor of Systems Engineering and the Head of the Systems Division at Loughborough University, UK. Following a PhD in applied physics with research in laser-plasma interactions, he joined British Aerospace (later BAE Systems) in 1989 where he worked in aeronautical engineering with a particular research focus on modelling fluid-structure interaction. With an increasing interest in multi-disciplinary research, he joined Loughborough University in 2006 to direct a major research programme in Network Enabled Capability. He is a co-chair of the IEEE SMC Technical Committee on Systems of Systems and a member of the BKCASE Editorial Board. Michael Henshaw is the leader of the Trans-Atlantic Research and Education Agenda in Systems of Systems (T-AREA-SoS) programme that is sponsored by the European Commission to develop a strategic research agenda in SoSE that is of mutual interest to Europe and the US.

Keynote Chair –Mo Jamshidi

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Panel 1

Enterprise Vendors in the Open Cloud Ecosystem for BigData and High Performance Computing

In this panel, technical leaders from Rackspace ‐ the open cloud company, Intel, AMD, Arista, FusionIO, Mellanox, and Open Compute foundation will discuss the Open Cloud ecosystem, HPC in the cloud, and speak about benefits and motives for making Open Technologies a core part of their product offering. Panelists: Jeff Prevost (Moderator – General Coordinator for the Cloud Technology Institute at UTSA) Paul Rad, Vice President Technology, Rackspace, the open cloud company Debra Goldfarb, Director of Cloud Technology, Intel Peter Amirkhan, Vice President, Enterprise Solutions, AMD Ed Chapman , Vice President Alliances , Arista Nisha Talagala, Principal Architect at Fusion‐io, Fusion‐IO Tzahi Oved, Director, Product Development, Mellanox Corporation Cole Crawford, Chief Operating Officer, Open Compute Foundation

Panel 2

Industry Panel on System of Systems Engineering The preliminary focus of and questions for the panel are: The panel will focus on how to transition from single system thinking to SoS thinking and how to leverage and adapt the current SE resources to support the needs of SoSE. The predominant view is that SoSE is an extension of SE that can leverage the current knowledge through adaptation to accommodate the broader needs and concepts. So what do we need to do to adapt and what additional information, guidance, methods, practices, and tools are needed? How do we transition the SoS research into practice? Panelists: Garry Roedler (Moderator ‐ LMC) John Palmer (Boeing – provides NDIA SoS perspective) Michel J. Henshaw (Loughborough University, UK – provide T‐AREA‐SOS and EU perspectives) Stephen Cook (University of South Australia, Australia) Michael Jones (Applied Physics Laboratory, John Hopkins University, USA) Abdelmadjid Bouabdallah (LABEX, Universite de Technologie de Compiegne, France)

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 1A: Health and Medical Systems Paper: 1569744849 Title: Vascular Occlusion Training as an Alternate Method of Gaining Muscle

Author: Matthew Joordens (Deakin University, Australia); Liam Lyons (Deakin University, Australia); Stuart Warmington (Deakin University, Australia)

Abstract: Training whilst under the effects of vascular occlusion has become increasingly popular due to the resultant muscle gain associated with this training technique. However, when exercising with the use of a tourniquet type device, it is possible for the pressure being applied to be inconsistent, due the constantly changing cross sectional area of the limb being occluded. This Paper describes the design of a device capable of causing vascular occlusion, but also being able to maintain a stable pressure required to create the blood flow restriction, this being able to be utilized in a sports science. Paper: 1569745267 Title: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) ‐ A Systems of Systems Engineering Characterization

Author: Lawrence Pihera (Georgia Tech Research Institute, USA); Tommer R Ender (Georgia Tech Research Institute, USA); Matthew Paden (Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, USA)

Abstract: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is a vital lifesaving therapy. Though it has achieved approximately 75% survival rates for patients starting with less than a 25% chance of survival, ECMO was not designed and implemented in a rigorous engineering process. This paper will introduce a Systems of Systems (SoS) Engineering approach to characterizing the ECMO architecture and formally documenting it using Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), developed in a partnership between Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA) and the Georgia Institute of Technology's Professional Masters of Applied Systems Engineering (PMASE) program. Finally, the authors will describe possible areas of future work that may be undertaken as projects for future PMASE cohorts or others. The primary and unique contribution of this work is an initial application of formal MBSE to one of the most complex medical system of systems. Paper: 1569747703 Title: Time Delay Estimation in Gene Regulatory Networks

Author: Elmira Mohyedinbonab (UTSA, USA); Omid Ghasemi (University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Mohammad Jamshidi (University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Yufang Jin (University of Texas at San Antonio, USA)

Abstract: Studying Gene regulation helps to reveal important biological functions in progression to diseases. As more time-course datasets become available, gene regulatory networks can be constructed using interactions among regulators and their associated target genes at every time point. Currently, most gene regulation networks are constructed without considering the delayed responses. Such delay is embedded in the network due to the intrinsic temporal process of gene expression. We developed time delay regression model to predict time-dependent interactions which offers an opportunity to further investigate the evolution of gene regulatory networks with time delay and to shed light on the underlying regulations. Average Square Difference Function and Least square estimation methods are applied to estimate the parameters of the proposed model. In our study, time-course gene expressions in mice post-myocardial infarction were used. This method is evaluated by comparing with no-delay and cross correlation-based method. Simulation results and statistical analysis were provided.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 1B: Architecture, Design, and V&V Methods (I) Paper: 1569745085 Title: A ROSETTA Framework for Live‐Synthetic Aviation Trade‐offs: Preliminary Report

Author: Charles E. Dickerson (Loughborough University, United Kingdom); Trevor Holden (Loughborough University, United Kingdom)

Abstract: In this paper a Relational Oriented Systems Engineering and Technology Tradeoff Analysis (ROSETTA) framework is introduced for performing technology tradeoff and design studies with respect to the live, virtual and constructive mixes for aircrew training. This novel, efficient and model driven repeatable approach to the present and future problem of live / synthetic mixes on-board a real aircraft concentrates on relationships between elements in models to support capability based decisions. The methodology described provides a framework and factorization of a family of systems (FoS) architecture for tactical situation/mission scenario and evaluation of pilot response models. ROSETTA provides a more rigorous mathematical framework for conducting decision support and advances current model based systems engineering (MBSE) process for simulation and analysis of a complex system of systems (SoS) problem. Paper: 1569741665 Title: Common Software Platforms in System‐of‐Systems Architectures: The State of the Practice

Author: John Klein (Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon, USA); Sholom Cohen (Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon, USA); Rick Kazman (University of Hawaii, USA)

Abstract: System-of-systems (SoS) architectures based on common software platforms have been commercially successful. Common platforms are a goal of several DoD initiatives (US Army Common Operating Environment, US Navy Open Architecture, multi-service Future Avionics Capability Environment), but progress on creating and adopting such platforms has been slow. We conducted a study to understand the technical issues related to SoS common platform development and adoption, and the non- technical constraints that must be satisfied. We interviewed 12 experts, collecting and analyzing mostly qualitative data. Although there were significant differences in approaches between developers of commercial SoS platforms, military SoS platforms, and command and control SoS, all reported that non-technical constraints dominate intrinsic technical issues. We recommend further research is needed to create systematic architecture design and analysis methods for SoS, to study agile development methods in the SoS context, and to develop approaches to documentation for constituent systems within a SoS. Paper: 1569746161 Title: Net‐Centric System of Systems Framework For Human Detection

Author: Ryan Bowen (Rochester Institute of Technology, USA); Ferat Sahin (Rochester Institute of Technology, USA)

Abstract: System of Systems (SoS) architectures have been used to conceptually define complex systems. However, very few SoS architectures have been physically realized to solve realworld problems. Proposed in this work is the full realization of a net-centric SoS architecture used to implement and integrate a complex system used to automate human detection from an image source. A SoS architecture was selected to implement the human detection system due to a SoS's ability to achieve high levels of interoperability. This high level of interoperability is feasible via standardization of communication and by structuring information to conform to a proposed XML framework. Additionally, each individual system within the SoS hierarchy is functionally decomposed based on sets defined services that each system requires and provides. Moreover, a new concept of a commonly implemented directory service is used to initialize system communication and automate SoS architecture discovery.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 2A: Cloud Computing Paper: 1569744689 Title: Optimal Update Frequency Model for Physical Machine State Change and Virtual Machine Placement in the Cloud

Author: John J Prevost (University of Texas in San Antonio, USA); Kranthi Manoj (The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Mohammad Jamshidi (University of Texas at San Antonio, USA)

Abstract: Cloud computing is evolving into the default operational framework running modern data centers. Data center operation is primarily concerned with the amount of energy consumed as well as assuring adequate resources are available to process work requests. Existing research has demonstrated several algorithms that can be used to determine the optimal number of required resources. However, a key issue not addressed in these algorithms is determining the frequency of updating the number of required resources. Changing the required resources at a rate slower than the optimal update frequency results in lower energy efficiency due to the over allocation of resources. Changing the resources at a rate higher than the optimal frequency results in insufficient time for systems to change state, which results in SLA violations. In this paper, a stochastic optimization model is presented that determines the optimal update frequency for changing the states of the nodes of the cloud, which improves the determination of the optimum number of resources required, therefore maximizes energy efficiency and minimizes SLA violations. Paper: 1569744745 Title: An Exploratory Analysis of the Influence of Information Security on the Adoption of Cloud Computing

Author: Syed (Shawon) Rahman (University of Hawaii‐Hilo, USA); Omondi Opala (Cisco Systems, Inc., USA)

Abstract: Cloud computing is the current IT buzzword synonymous with outsourced data center management and agile solution architecture. It has the potential to improve scalability of large enterprise network delivery of services and the capability to revolutionize how data is delivered as a service. At its core, cloud computing is not a new technology but rather a new approach of distributed shared pooling of IT infrastructure linked together to offer centralized IT services on demand. The study results determined that management's perception of security, costeffectiveness and IT compliance factors significantly influence their decisions to adopt cloud computing. The results of multiple linear regression analysis testing in this study showed that management's perception of costeffectiveness is more significantly correlated to their decision to adopt cloud computing than security. Paper: 1569745169 Title: Regional Failure Survivability for Cloud Networking Services Using Post Fault Restoration

Author: Feng Gu (University of New Mexico, USA); Khaled Bashir Shaban (Qatar University, Qatar); Nasir Ghani (University of New Mexico, USA); Majeed M Hayat (University of New Mexico, USA); Chadi Assi (Concordia University, Canada)

Abstract: Cloud computing services are being adopted to expand applications across dispersed data-center sites. As these new paradigms require active data exchange, they impose further virtual network (VN) mappings over operator networks. Now clearly, service recovery after large catastrophic events is a key concern for mission-critical cloud services. Hence in order to address this challenge, this paper presents several post-fault restoration schemes to improve VN survivability based upon partial and full remapping. Detailed simulation analyses are also presented to show the improved efficacy of the restoration approach. Session 1C: Miscellaneous (I) Paper: 1569747605 Title: A System based Approach to Construct a Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Specific Pathway Crosstalk Network Author: Amy W Daali (University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Yufei Huang (University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Mohammad Jamshidi (University of Texas at San Antonio, USA) Abstract: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is one of the human cancer viruses associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, a dominant AIDS-related tumor of endothelial cells, and several B-cell malignancies. Although much advancements have been made in understanding the mechanism of KSHV, signaling pathways activated during early infection and their functions in virus entry are still unclear. From a system of systems point of view, a pathway can be viewed as a biosystem consisting of group of interacting molecules such as genes and proteins to carry out a specific biological function. We developed a method to determine clusters of functionally related pathway at different time conditions as well as identifying the significant subnetworks. This article is the first known to present a system based analysis to infer a biologically relevant functional network specific to KSHV. Such network may reveal discriminative subnetwork markers for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 2B: Modelling and Analysis Methods (I) Paper: 1569723829 Title: Approach for Structuring the Product Environment for a Systematic Analysis of Field Data

Author: Michel Mamrot (University of Wuppertal, Germany); Petra Winzer (University of Wuppertal, Germany)

Abstract: The Development of complex products in a satisfactory way is a difficult task. This is confirmed by the increasing number of recalls and customer complaints. In order to achieve a high product quality, different approaches were developed; one is the Generic System Engineering (GSE), a method that fits the complex product system in a standardized system model. The product system is in fact influenced to a high degree by the environment. To consider this impact, this paper discusses the structuring of the environment into processes and locations and their influences to the product system. This allows the systematic use of field data to limit the quantity of elements and their interaction in the processes and locations in order to improve the process of problem-solving. The benefit is to learn from mistakes in the context of the GSE. This supports cause-analysis, effect-analysis and therefore the enhancement of product systems. Paper: 1569731333 Title: Social Networks and Crowdsourcing for Stakeholder Analysis in System of Systems Projects

Author: Soo Ling Lim (Bournemouth University, United Kingdom); Cornelius Ncube (Bournemouth University, United Kingdom)

Abstract: In system of systems engineering, stakeholders are individuals, groups or organizations that stand to gain or lose from the success or failure of a system of systems. Systems of systems pose unique problems for stakeholder analysis due to their evolutionary nature, emergent behavior, operational independence, managerial independence, and geographical distribution of their constituent systems. This paper proposes the use of social networks and crowdsourcing to identify and prioritize the stakeholders for system of systems projects. The proposed method crowdsources the stakeholders to recommend other stakeholders, builds a social network of stakeholders, and prioritizes stakeholders using social network measures. The paper describes the method, and discusses the strengths and limitations of applying the method in system of systems projects. Paper: 1569735425 Title: Configuration of a Standoff Detection System via Rapid, Model‐Based Systems Engineering

Author: Scott Rosen (MITRE Corporation, USA); Christopher Saunders (South Dakota State University, USA); Michael Tierney (MITRE, USA); Samar Guharay (MITRE, USA)

Abstract: This paper presents a model-based systems engineering approach developed for rapid analysis of complex systems; not requiring the use of high computational resources. The basis of the approach involves the mapping of three basic systems engineering metrics, namely, Measures of Performance (MOP) to Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) to a single Figure of Merit (FOM), through metamodeling. Through this approach, analysts can leverage validated metamodels to map system measures, from component level MOPs to the overall system FOM in real-time to support decisions under constrained time-frames. Through metamodeling we achieve approximations of the simulation model in mathematical form, which alleviates long run times and the need for large computational resources. The metamodels also provide an effective means to aggregate a simulation's multiple outputs of interest via a preference function. These two approaches together form the foundation of this rapid, model-based systems engineering approach. The effectiveness of this model-based approach is demonstrated on configuring a standoff detection system. Paper: 1569734181 Title: Description of Fluid Flow as a System of Systems

Author: Adalat Pashayev (Kiber Ltd Company, Azerbaijan); Elkhan Sabziev (Kiber Ltd Company, Azerbaijan)

Abstract: This paper is an analysis of the unsteady flow of fluid. A Lagrangian approach has been used for simulation. The obtained model is interpreted as a SoS. Structure of exchangeable information for SoS has been defined. The algorithm for numerical implementation of the offered model is brought forward and illustrative examples are given.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 3A: Modelling and Analysis Methods (II) Paper: 1569744465 Title: Research on Networked Description and Modeling Methods of Armament System‐of‐Systems Structure

Author: Huilin Shang (National University of Defense Technology, P.R. China); Xiaoke Zhang (National University of Defense Technology, P.R. China); Kewei Yang (National University of Defence Technology, P.R. China)

Abstract: The relationships between elements of the armament systems, which cannot be represented in current Armament System-of-Systems architecture description and capability evaluation approaches, have major influence on them. The advantages of Armament System-of-Systems networked modeling are demonstrated in this article. By considering the necessity presented above, an operation loop based Armament System-of-Systems architecture description and modeling method is developed. The influence of the Armament System-of-Systems topological architecture on its capabilities is discussed, and an index to evaluate the capability on the basis of operation loops is proposed. At the end of this paper, case study validate the application efficiency of the operation loop evaluation index in supporting the Armament System-of-Systems architecture design and optimization, as well as the capability evaluation, etc. Paper: 1569744773 Title: Network Optimization Models for Resource Allocation in Armament System‐of‐Systems Development Planning

Author: Ning Gu (National University of Defense Technology, P.R. China); Duoyong Sun (National University of Defense Technology, P.R. China); Xiaoke Zhang (National University of Defense Technology, P.R. China)

Abstract: The problem of ASoS development planning abstracts more and more researchers from different areas. A network optimization model of ASoS development planning is proposed in this paper. This model reduces the planning problem to the problem of finding shorter path in a network graph. The concept of operation loop is proposed. As an important part of the model, the method of evaluating the damage rates caused by opponent's weapons based on operation loop is proposed in this paper. This model can help defense agency to make armaments development planning from the perspective of ASoS rather than just from perspective of single family of armaments.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 3B: MSL 1: On board Technologies and Systems Engineering (I) Paper: 1569736207 Title: Verification and Validation of Mars Science Laboratory Surface System

Author: Richard Welch (Jet Propulsion Laborarory, USA)

Abstract: This paper will discuss the system level verification and validation test program for the surface capability of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity Rover. MSL has many similarities to its predecessors, the Mars Exploration Rovers Sprit and Opportunity. However, Curiosity's diverse science payload, new sampling system, and overall scale led to new challenges in development and testing. The rover hardware and software were developed to allow certain functions to work in parallel to maximize the science that could be done each day on Mars. This led to complex behavioral interactions, which had to be tested and verified before they could be trusted. An incremental test program was developed that first exercised and verified individual functions and then validated system capabilities in mission-like scenarios. The plans, execution and results of these mission-like surface system tests will be presented. Paper: 1569736213 Title: Systems Engineering the Curiosity Rover: A Retrospective

Author: Richard Welch (Jet Propulsion Laborarory, USA) Abstract: This paper will discuss systems engineering challenges in development of the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover. As of the writing of this paper, Curiosity has been successfully exploring the surface of Mars for months, but during development it was not always clear it would be a success. MSL is by design three spacecraft in one: The cruise system to get from Earth to Mars; the entry descent and landing system; and the Rover to perform the intended scientific exploration. Each of these has it own unique challenges and is intertwined given the integrated nature of the design. The rover's complex science payload, sampling system and overall scale resulted in many technical challenges. This paper will present a few examples of the systems engineering challenges overcome during the development of the Curiosity rover. Paper: 1569744781 Title: Test and Validation of the Mars Science Laboratory Robotic Arm

Author: Matthew Robinson (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Curtis Collins (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA); Chris Leger (Google, USA); Won Kim (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Joseph Carsten (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Vandi Tompkins (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Ashitey Trebi‐Ollennu (NASA JPL CALTECH, USA); Brandon Florow (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA)

Abstract: The Mars Science Laboratory Robotic Arm (RA) is a key component for achieving the primary scientific goals of the mission. The RA supports sample acquisition by precisely positioning a scoop above loose regolith or accurately preloading a percussive drill on Martian rocks or rover mounted organic check materials. It assists sample processing by orienting a sample processing unit called CHIMRA through a series of gravity-relative orientations and sample delivery by positioning the sample portion door above an instrument inlet or the observation tray. In addition the RA facilitates contact science by accurately positioning the dust removal tool, Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) and the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) relative to surface targets. In order to fulfill these seemingly disparate science objectives the RA must satisfy a variety of accuracy and performance requirements. This paper describes the necessary arm requirement specification and the test campaign to demonstrate these requirements were satisfied. Paper: 1569741609 Title: Dreaming on Mars: How Curiosity Performs Actuator Warm‐Up while Sleeping

Author: Gene Lee (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA)

Abstract: Before the Curiosity rover can perform its science activities for the day, such as driving, moving its robotic arm, or drilling, it first has to ensure that its actuators are within their allowable flight temperatures (AFTs). When the rover is awake, flight software uses heaters to warm up and maintain thermal zones at operational temperatures. However, Curiosity spends about 70% of its time sleeping, with the flight computer off, in order to conserve energy. Dream Mode is a special behavior that allows the rover to execute warm-up activities while sleeping. Using Dream Mode, actuators can be warmed up to their AFTs before the flight computer wakes up and uses them - saving power and improving operational efficiency. This paper describes the motivation behind Dream Mode, how it was implemented and tested on Curiosity, and the challenges and lessons learned along the way.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 4A: Modelling and Analysis Methods (III) Paper: 1569735653 Title: Weighted Network Modeling for Communication Mode Selection in System‐of‐Systems Operation Based on Memristor

Author: Feng Zhao (Tsinghua University, P.R. China); Xiao‐mu Mu (Department of Automation, P.R. China); Jun‐tang Yu (Department of Automation, P.R. China); Shu‐ning Wang (Tsinghua University, P.R. China)

Abstract: Based on the overview of communication network modeling and simulation studies in system of systems operation, this paper builds a weighted network model of the communication network with deeper insight. Then the communication network constituents and constraints for system of systems operation were studied. And this paper builds a model for group communication based on weighted network. Weighted network simulation method is discussed based on memristor crossbar array. Experiments verified the effectiveness of above methods and showed that the communication network model based on memristor crossbar array can adaptively adjust the weights. Paper: 1569736393 Title: Modelling of a Nuclear Emergency Plan: A System of Systems Engineering Approach

Author: Mario Ramírez Ferrero (Universidad de Burgos, Spain); Cristina Ruiz Martín (Universidad de Valladolid, Spain); José Luis González Álvarez (Delegación del Gobierno en Castilla y León, Spain); Adolfo López Paredes (Universidad de Valladolid, Spain)

Abstract: A nuclear emergency (NE) may dramatically impact on several domains such as health, critical infrastructures, land use, etc., which are also interrelated. A Nuclear Emergency Plan (NEP) involves multiple systems acting in a coordinated way, according to a pre-established organisation, which is endowed with a set of rules, communications and commands. Usually the NEP is top-down defined. In this paper we propose the definition of NEPs from a System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) approach. This conceptualisation facilitates the assessment and analysis of key indicators: the resilience, responsiveness and effectiveness of NEPs. We illustrate the advantages of this approach with the analysis of the communications network in a real case study. Paper: 1569744747 Title: A Mechanism Design Framework for the Acquisition of Independently Managed Systems of Systems

Author: Navindran Davendralingam (Purdue University, USA); Robert Kenley (Purdue University, USA)

Abstract: This paper applies results from studies of the acquisition process and from algorithmic methods applicable to the mechanism design of agent-based auctions to modeling behaviors and effecting policy interventions that are intended to improve overall programmatic performance when acquiring independently managed systems of systems. Previous models and empirical studies provide an understanding of the behavioral aspects of the acquisition process and are supported by empirical data from surveys. A method inspired by mechanism design is proposed that incorporates the insights and data from these studies to formulate a probabilistic optimization framework for constructing interventions that enhance the probability of meeting cost and schedule goals when acquiring a system of systems.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 4B: Engineering Case Studies (II) Paper: 1569747629 Title: Modeling a Real Case Metasystem Architecture Using Finite State Process Formalism

Author: Roberto Rodrigues (Ministry of Social Development, Brazil)

Abstract: This paper uses the concept of metasystem and system of system (SOS) architecture to assist in the governance of several networked systems. The approach used here is to consider a metasystem as a controller that can enable and order a set of systems interfaces according to the expected behavior. We use Langefors theory and Finite State Processes to formalize a metasystem architecture and finally we show how the concept can be used for a specific case using an authentication and authorization protocol to manage dispersed systems. Paper: 1569764879 Title: Achieving Action to Improve the Framework for Defence Strategy and Execution: A Case Study

Author: Stephen Cook (University of South Australia, Australia); Richard Hodge (Helmsman International, Australia)

Abstract: This case study describes the initial phase of the development of a systems framework to enhance the pre-existing planning processes in a medium-sized defence department. The paper takes the form of a case study that describes the problem context, the transformation being sought, and the approach employed to win over the key stakeholders to the idea that a systemic intervention would be worthwhile. The approach described was devised for the Australian National Security and Defence planning environments and was successful in winning support for the development of an integrated strategic planning and strategy execution process that was subsequently developed as a result of this work. Paper: 1569747463 Title: Governance of Enterprise Transformation: Case Study of the FAA NextGen Project

Author: Hamid R. Darabi (Stevens Institute of Technology, USA); Mo Mansouri (Stevens Institute of Technology, USA); Alex Gorod (The University of Adelaide, Australia)

Abstract: In network industries well functioning of the whole system is dependent on the collaborative effort of all players. However, governing these multitudes of organizations is a complex and challenging task. The objective of this paper is to implement five governance mechanism pillars to understand and facilitate this task. The first step in this paper is to separate three layers of complexity in network industries. The second step is to present the role of each governance mechanism pillar in governing these complex networks. We applied this approach to the FAA NextGen project, which is the enterprise transformation process of the United States Air Transportation Network.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 5A: Modelling and Analysis Methods (IV) Paper: 1569747471 Title: Towards Interacting Systems in Product Lifecycle Management

Author: László Horváth (Óbuda University, Hungary); Imre J Rudas (Óbuda University, Hungary)

Abstract: One of the actual problems in product lifecycle management (PLM) is consideration of requirements from various systems. While PLM focused on object interactions within a product, engineering for a product system would also require interaction with other systems. This urges integration of the System of Systems (SoS) with PLM. In order to make a step towards including SoS specific features in product model, this paper introduces a shift of PLM input interaction for product definition to a higher level of knowledge on the level of product functions. Application of the feature principle in model construction helps connection of systems. Paper: 1569747633 Title: Engineering Human Capital: A System of Systems Modeling Approach

Author: Dennis Folds (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA); Vanessa M Thompson (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA)

Abstract: A system of systems modeling approach can be used to plan and guide implementation of economic revitalization efforts. A key metric of success is the improved outcomes of individuals in terms of standard of living and subjective well-being. Initial results for a latent variable model based on national survey data show a moderate correlation between subjective well-being and objective measures of standard of living, and good fit for a three-factor model that relates economic, security, and social network variables to human capital. Human capital is a production system within the economy; it is equipped and maintained by the education and healthcare systems of the region. This perspective is useful in analyzing and evaluating the system of systems that comprise a regional economy. Paper: 1569747655 Title: Change‐Ready Manufacturing Planning and Control Systems

Author: Mohamed Ismail (University of Regina, Canada)

Abstract: The last couple of decades has witnessed a level of fast-paced development of new ideas, products, manufacturing technologies, manufacturing practices, customer expectations as it has never before. Change became the intrinsic characteristic that is addressed everywhere. The objective of developing Change Ready MPC Systems (CMPC) is to present a new generation of MPC systems which is able to address change that may be created via development or mitigated as a threat that could be originated either from within or from the surrounding environment. A new set of system characteristics is proposed, and the Component Based Software Engineering (CBSE) principles are applied to present generic specifications for designing CMPC frameworks. Progressive Modelling is presented to be the associated modeling approach of inherent logic of CMPC systems or components. CMPC systems are expected to have an impact on how today`s MPC frameworks and their inherent logic are designed for faster system evolvability and better response to market changes.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 5B: Smart Grid Technologies Paper: 1569744809 Title: A Monitoring Point Selection Approach for Power Distribution Systems

Author: Hirofumi Terada (Hitachi Ltd., Japan); Tsukasa Onishi (Hitachi Ltd., Japan); Tatsuhiro Tsuchiya (Osaka University, Japan)

Abstract: A power distribution system is a system of systems which integrates a power grid and a SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system. In this paper we discuss SCADA systems that support a future power grid which accommodates large quantities of PV (photovoltaic) power generation. First we clarify the communication capability required for a SCADA system to fully monitor the future power grid. The result suggests that a considerable improvement needs to be made. However, as such improvement incurs huge cost and thus will not happen instantly, it is necessary to adapt to situations where communication speed is limited. To this end we propose a method that selects monitoring points within the limitations. This selection process aims to cover monitoring points where abnormal voltage is most likely to occur. We evaluate the proposed method to show its usefulness by simulation. Paper: 1569744777 Title: Modeling of System of Systems via Data Analytics ‐ Case for "Big Data" in SoS

Author: Barnabas Tannahill (The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Chris Maute (The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Yunus Yetis (The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Maryam Ezell (The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Aldo Jaimes (UTSA, USA); Azima Mottaghi (The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Roberto Rosas (The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Halid Kaplan (The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Mohammad Jamshidi (University of Texas at San Antonio, USA)

Abstract: Large data has been accumulating in all aspects of our lives for quite some time. Advances in sensor technology, the Internet, wireless communication, and inexpensive memory have all contributed to an explosion of "Big Data". System of Systems (SoS) integrate independently operating, non-homogeneous systems to achieve a higher goal than the sum of the parts. Today's SoS are also contributing to the existence of unmanageable "Big Data". Recent efforts have developed a promising approach, called "Data Analytics", which uses statistical and computational intelligence (CI) tools such as principal component analysis (PCA), clustering, fuzzy logic, neuro-computing, evolutionary computation, Bayesian networks, etc. to reduce the size of "Big Data" to a manageable size and apply these tools to a) extract information, b) build a knowledge base using the derived data, and c) eventually develop a non-parametric model for the "Big Data". This paper attempts to construct a bridge between SoS and Data Analytics to develop reliable models for such systems. A photovoltaic energy forecasting problem of a micro grid SoS will be offered here for a case study of this modeling relation. Paper: 1569735529 Title: A Cloud Storage Access Control Policy Based On MA‐ABE

Author: Feng Tao (Lanzhou University of Technology, P.R. China); An Wenbin (Lanzhou University of Technology, P.R. China); Liu Chun‐yan (Lanzhou University of Technology, P.R. China); Hao Zheng (Lanzhou University of Technology, P.R. China)

Abstract: With the development and wide application of cloud computing，it has brought great security challenges to the cloud storage，the security of cloud storage access control is more prominent. We use the multi-authority attribute-based encryption(MA-ABE) and proxy re-encryption technology so as to achieve Flexibility, Fine-grained, Scalability, Confidentiality , Dynamic of cloud storage data access control. The existing scheme of cloud storage access control have so many problems, for example: the key management tasks overhead, the collusion attack of revoked user in system and cloud server provider. So we propose a multi-authority attribute-based encryption mechanism, to divide the data file into the "header" and "body", more effectively support the complex scenes of multiple users and multiple data owner.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 6A: MSL 2: Ground Data Systems & Operations Technologies Paper: 1569757921 Title: High‐Accuracy Heading Determination

Author: Aly El‐Osery (New Mexico Tech, USA); Stephen Bruder (Applied Technology Associates, USA); Darren Laughlin (Applied Technology Associates, USA)

Abstract: In a system of systems context, a variety of applications are dependent on the knowledge of location and attitude of individual agents in order to collaborate, for example, a soldier on the battle field observing a potential a target, transmits this information to a base station which then is shared with an unmanned air vehicle for surveillance. Without precise knowledge of the soldier's position and attitude of the target the handoff to the UAV would fail. The availability of low-cost MEMS inertial measurement units (IMU) increased the feasibility of realizing compact inertial navigation systems (INS) capable of operating in a variety of environments including GPS degraded or denied scenarios. Due to errors in the IMU, it is very challenging to initialize the attitude of the device in a reasonable time frame. In this paper, we present a novel approach that utilizes a unique magnetohydrodynamic angular rate sensor (ARS) in a carouseling configuration in order to perform attitude initialization within 4 milli radians in less than a minute. Further more, real environment issues, such as platform vibration and platform base motion (e.g. sinking) are also addressed. Paper: 1569743895 Title: Updates to the Rover Driving Tools for Curiosity

Author: John Wright (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Frank Hartman (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Brian Cooper (Jet Propulsion Lab, USA); Jeng Yen (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA)

Abstract: The Rover Sequencing and Visualization Program (RSVP) is a tool suite used for building command sequences for the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity. RSVP was previously used for other missions and for in-house research projects and proposal efforts. RSVP has undergone extensive modifications and enhancements over previous versions in order to support more challenging requirements and to make it more adaptable for future missions. This paper will provide a brief overview of many of the specific enhancements made for the MSL mission. Session 6C: Process and Technology Paper: 1569735301 Title: Real‐Time 2D Hands Detection and Tracking for Sign Language Recognition

Author: Shuqiong Wu (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan); Hiroshi Nagahashi (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan)

Abstract: Detecting and tracking unconstrained hands in videos is a basic technique for sign language recognition. In current hand detection methods, AdaBoost classifier based on Haar-like features is verified to be fast and robust against scale change and rotation. However, its performance drops sharply when the background is complicated or the hand and other skin-color parts overlap. Insufficient training data also decreases the performance. This paper proposes a new training method for Haar-like features based AdaBoost classifier with insufficient data, and a hand detector integrating Haar-like features, skin-color and motion cue together. Also we present a novel hand tracking technique. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method obtains a promising detecting rate 99.9%, and more than 97.1% of the tracked hands are extracted in proper size. In summary the proposed method is real-time and more robust than AdaBoost classifier against complicated background, scale change and rotation. Paper: 1569738819 Title: Strategic Systems Planning and Decision Framework for System of Systems Resilience

Author: Matthew Montoya (The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, USA)

Abstract: This paper will provide a framework for System of Systems resilience strategic planning and decision making as can be applied to integrated resource modeling tools. The framework will center on the concepts of resilience mission functions and SoS coordinating capabilities that integrate and focus resources for improved resilience time-lines to help sustain SoS operations. The mission functions and coordinating capabilities are analyzed in the context of tactical resilience metrics and linked to strategic decision factors for integrated analysis. A generalized resilient mission functional framework is derived from known and proven mission functional constructs but customized with the unique characteristics of resilience. Within this derived mission functional framework, coordinating capabilities will be linked with critical metrics showing an integrated and close-loop analytical decision making process for System of Systems resilience. This paper introduces key terms, concepts, and an integrating framework. Specific application and analysis using this framework is currently under way.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 6B: Engineering Case Studies (II) Paper: 1569735169 Title: A capability based approach to enterprise transformation

Author: Mikhail Belov (IBS, Russia)

Abstract: The paper is about the drastic transformation of the strategy and business model of the Russian information technological enterprise which incorporates autonomous but interrelated business units: in 2001 top management of the IBS Company made the decision to switch to the information technology services and consulting area. The creation of new capabilities was the transformation objective. Capability based approach was successfully applied to achieve the transformation goals. An "ES/SoS nuclear model" has been introduced to describe the transformation. The model represents the enterprise as the "hard business nucleus" or kernel (major business-agents, who really make the business), a "soft business shell" (non-material environment: governing media, competences, knowledge, etc. - intangible assets), and the "cloud of extended enterprise" (clients, partners, etc., interlinked by common "across"-business processes). The great majority of transformation activities and outcomes lie in the ES/SoS's "soft shell" which includes new capabilities, governing relations, competences, etc. Paper: 1569744977 Title: Reflection on a model of accident to help to implement efficient prevention strategies

Author: Raoul Textoris (Mines ParisTech, France)

Abstract: In our modern societies, sociotechnological systems and human system interactions are taking on a large part in numerous domains such as health, control of risk, people safety, communication, information technologies, and so on. In order to manage such systems, it is necessary to put in place the most relevant actions and indicators. To facilitate decision making in various fields, such as people safety and risk management, the use of appropriate model and the definition of indicators are needed in order to deliver the relevant action plan especially to control occupational accidents. The aim of the article is to present our approach to analyze the classical Heinrich's model of occupational accidents and the classical safety indicator based on conventional frequency rate of lost time accident. Then we demonstrate their limits in order to define efficient prevention strategies. Paper: 1569745137 Title: The Integrated Blast Effects Sensor Suite: A Rapidly Developed, Complex, System of Systems

Author: Nick Mulkey (Georgia Tech Research Institute, USA); Brian Liu (Georgia Tech Research Institute, USA); Alessio Medda (Georgia Tech Research Institute, USA)

Abstract: The need for rapid development of tactical system of systems solutions for military applications requires the use of system modeling techniques and simulation and validation methods to be applied throughout the lifecycle of the system. This combined approach of development and verification is preferred to traditional approaches for risk mitigation and cost effectiveness. This paper examines the Integrated Blast Effects Sensor Suite developed at the Georgia Tech Research Institute and its architecture as a complex system of systems. Paper: 1569745233 Title: The International Space Station: Applying System of Systems Methodology

Author: Noah Wenger (Baruch College, USA); Anastasia Antoniev (Baruch College, USA); Alex Gorod (The University of Adelaide, Australia)

Abstract: Societal and technological advancements along with lessons learned from previous projects and space programs resulted in the creation of the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is an engineering marvel created by a collaboration of 16 International Partners (IP's), space agencies, contractors and sub-contractors whose primary purpose is to conduct research in space for benefit of mankind. However, currently, there are several major challenges relating to the management of the ISS such as budget, time, governance, and collaboration/competition which can hamper the evolution of the ISS and which can potentially lead to the failure of the system. The ISS still primarily relies on traditional systems engineering (SE) methodology which lacks the necessary flexibility to deal with the emergent challenges of the ISS system. This paper proposes applying SoSE to the ISS which we suggest can mitigate these issues and provide a framework for future space research and exploration.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 7A: Miscellaneous (II) Paper: 1569738651 Title: Towards a Systems of Systems Engineering EU Strategic Research Agenda Author: Sharon Henson (Loughborough University, United Kingdom); Vishal Barot (Loughborough University, United Kingdom); Michael Henshaw (Loughborough University, United Kingdom); Carys Siemieniuch (Loughborough University, United Kingdom); Murray Sinclair (University of Loughborough, United Kingdom) Abstract: This paper presents the work undertaken so far in the formulation of a Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) for research in Systems of Systems Engineering as part of the T-AREA-SoS Support Action. The T-AREA-SoS project is introduced to provide background and context, together with a section on Drivers for Change which the SRA needs to take into account. The strategy and process for the generation of the SRA is described, followed by details of outputs to date and the potential benefits it is believed would accrue from the implementation of the Strategic Research Agenda. Paper: 1569733845 Title: Adaptive tracking controller design for a bicycle Author: Asim H. Syed (King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia) Abstract: In this paper we work on the problem of designing an adaptive controller for the bicycle system. We first try to come up with a model representing the dynamics of the bicycle. As we apply the conventional adaptive control methods such as the MIT rule and Model Reference Adaptive Control, we observe their limitations. Thus we apply an adaptive control method in which we identify the plant by least squares method, and then design the controller by LQR method. We proceed further with this approach and design an optimal tracking controller for the system. We discuss all the design methods and analyze the results in details. Session 7C: Reliability, Security, and Safety Paper: 1569744873 Title: Research on mission reliability modeling of system of systems

Author: YuanXing Huang (Beihang University, P.R. China); Xing Pan (Beihang University, P.R. China); Lin Ma (Beihang University, P.R. China)

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the mission reliability of system of systems (SoS), which have a significant influence on the SoS. First a mission-process decomposition model for SoS is proposed according to the department of defense architecture framework (DoDAF). Besides, the model is transformed into a GERT network model. In this paper, GERT network model, which consists of activities and nodes ,is proved useful to estimate mission reliability of SoS partly. Then the GERT network model is improved, embedded with Petri net based on the guided simulation methodology. Finally an algorithm is given for the improved simulation model.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 7B: MSL 1: On board Technologies and Systems Engineering (II) Paper: 1569741333 Title: Mars Science Laboratory Frame Manager for Centralized Frame Tree Database and Target Pointing

Author: Won Kim (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Chris Leger (Google, USA); Stephen F Peters (California Institute of Technology, USA); Joseph Carsten (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Antonio Diaz‐Calderon (Johns Hopkins University, USA)

Abstract: The FM (Frame Manager) flight software module is responsible for maintaining the frame tree database containing coordinate transforms between frames. The frame tree is a proper tree structure of directed links, consisting of surface and rover subtrees. Actual frame transforms are updated by their owner. FM updates site and saved frames for the surface tree. As the rover drives to a new area, a new site frame with an incremented site index can be created. Several clients including ARM and RSM (Remote Sensing Mast) update their related rover frames that they own. Through the onboard centralized FM frame tree database, client modules can query transforms between any two frames. Important applications include target image pointing for RSM-mounted cameras and frame-referenced arm moves. The use of frame tree eliminates cumbersome, error-prone calculations of coordinate entries for commands and thus simplifies flight operations significantly. Paper: 1569741333 Title: Mars Science Laboratory CHIMRA/IC/DRT Flight Software for Sample Acquisition and Processing

Author: Won Kim (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Chris Leger (Google, USA); Joseph Carsten (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Daniel Helmick (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Stephen Kuhn (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Rick Redick (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Diana Trujillo (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA) Abstract: The design methodologies of using sequence diagrams, multi-process functional flow diagrams, and hierarchical state machines were successfully applied in designing three MSL (Mars Science Laboratory) flight software modules responsible for handling actuator motions of the CHIMRA (Collection and Handling for In situ Martian Rock Analysis), IC (Inlet Covers), and DRT (Dust Removal Tool) mechanisms. The methodologies were essential to specify complex interactions with other modules, support concurrent foreground and background motions, and handle various fault protections. Studying task scenarios with multi-process functional flow diagrams yielded great insight to overall design perspectives. Since the three modules require three different levels of background motion support, the methodologies presented in this paper provide an excellent comparison. All three modules are fully operational in flight. Paper: 1569744233 Title: In‐situ Operations and Planning for the Mars Science Laboratory Robotic Arm: The First 200 Sols

Author: Matthew Robinson (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Curtis Collins (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA); Chris Leger (Google, USA); Joseph Carsten (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Vandi Tompkins (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Frank Hartman (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA); Jeng Yen (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA)

Abstract: The Robotic Arm (RA) has operated for more than 200 sols since the Mars Science Laboratory rover touched down in Gale Crater on August 5, 2012. During the first seven months on Mars the robotic arm has performed multiple contact science sols including the positioning of the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) and/or Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) with respect to rocks or above loose regolith targets. The RA has supported sample acquisition using both the scoop and drill, sample processing with CHIMRA (Collection and Handling for In- Situ Martian Rock Analysis), and delivery of sample portions to the observation tray, and the SAM (Sample Analysis at Mars) and CHEMIN (Chemistry and Mineralogy) science instruments. This paper describes the planning and execution of robotic arm activities during surface operations, and reviews robotic arm performance results from Mars to date.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 8A: Architecture, Design, and V&V Methods (II) Paper: 1569741647 Title: System of Systems for Autonomous Mission Decisions

Author: Paul C. Hershey (Raytheon, Inc., USA); Mu‐Cheng Wang (Raytheon, USA); Douglas Toppin (Raytheon, USA)

Abstract: Manpower is driving up DoD costs while DoD budgets are shrinking; therefore the DoD customer seeks a solution to enable increased mission capacity along with staff reductions. One way to accomplish this is through an autonomous capability to support end-to-end mission activities. The Mission Information Autonomous Intelligent Decision Engine (MiAide) approach for meeting this objective is to create a system of systems (SoS) that work together to enable automation of tasks previously done by humans. MiAide is built upon a novel, but standards-based architecture, that equips MiAide for real end-to-end DoD mission scenarios using a context switching decision engine that distributes actionable information for each specific mission phase to an intelligent mission console (IMC) user interface. The IMC provides secure and high quality communications between mobile end-users and the Mission Operation Center, and it enables graceful handover between operators of different mission phases. MiAide has been demonstrated for aspects of both manned and Unmanned Air Systems (UASs) and proven to reduce staffing while improving mission capacity (e.g., multiply number of missions and mission functions) across all stages of the mission life cycle. Paper: 1569738009 Title: Recognising further concepts from complex systems research in SoSE

Author: Vernon Ireland (The University of Adelaide, Australia); Yasmin Ooi‐Sanches (Thales, Australia)

Abstract: System of systems (SoSs) are made up of independent autonomous system. SoSs have been primarily produced for technical reasons however many autonomous systems are integrated in less technical areas. The strengths of technical SoSs and strengths from complexity theory are examined in terms of developing an architecture which can be used to address complex projects of a general nature. The benefits of using requirements and some principles from system engineering including operational concept documents, are examined. Concepts from complexity theory, including the separation of complicated from complex, sensitivity to initial conditions, self organization, modularity and coupling, phase history, adaptation, engaging adaptive leadership, co-evolution and addressing wicked problems are examined in terms of their relevance to architecture for general projects. The ideas are tested in terms of relevance to three general SoS projects. Paper: 1569744875 Title: The Evaluation Method for Brittleness of SoS Architecture Based on Entropy

Author: Jun Zhang (Beihang University, P.R. China); Xing Pan (Beihang University, P.R. China); Lin Ma (Beihang University, P.R. China)

Abstract: Now the research on the system of systems (SoS) is a hot spot. The Concept of Brittleness is introduced as a new characteristic of SoS architecture. With the scales of SoS are larger and larger gradually, it is necessary to research brittleness of SoS architecture. In this study, the brittleness evaluation method for SoS architecture is proposed. In the method, brittle link matrix is obtained by using set pair analysis firstly. Then brittle entropy is calculated according to the methodology of entropy. Lastly, we get conclusion by analyzing brittle entropy. An example of brittle evaluation of anti-submarine SoS architecture is provided to validate the application of the method. The evaluation method can be applied to analyze the brittleness of SoS architecture, and it's meaningful for SoS research. Paper: 1569736307 Title: A Meta‐System Architecture for the Energy‐Water Nexus

Author: William Lubega (Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, UAE); Amro Farid (Masdar Institute, UAE)

Abstract: The energy-water nexus has been studied predominantly through discussions of policy options supported by data surveys and technology considerations. At a technological level, there have been attempts to optimize coupling points between the electricity and water systems to reduce the water-intensity of technologies in the former and the energy-intensity of technologies in the latter. To our knowledge, there has been little discussion of the energy-water nexus from an engineering systems perspective. As the energy-water nexus presents a large scale, multidisciplinary problem with various technological and non-technological dimensions, efforts for coordinated control, operation and planning of the energy and water systems would benefit from the modeling platforms developed in systems engineering. This paper presents a meta-architecture of the energy-water nexus in the electricity supply, engineered water supply and wastewater management systems developed using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). This meta-architecture serves to elucidate the nexus for qualitative discussions. Once instantiated such an architecture can serve as a conceptual framework upon which quantitative planning and control approaches can be based.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 8B: INCOSE AWG Session - Innovations in Architecture and SoSE Paper: 1569724569 Title: Design of a Web‐based Thesaurus for Systems of Systems Engineering

Author: Vishal Barot (Loughborough University, United Kingdom); Huseyin Dogan (The School of Design, Engineering and Computing, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom); Michael Henshaw (Loughborough University, United Kingdom); Carys Siemieniuch (Loughborough University, United Kingdom)

Abstract: Design of a web-based thesaurus for Systems of Systems Engineering (SoSE) discipline is presented in this article. Due to lack of linguistic clarity within this emerging discipline, there is a strong need to represent and interpret SoS concepts and terms to align heterogeneous models, and tools and techniques developed for SoS operations, management and its governance. A Blackboard-based systems approach is therefore used to devise a model, providing a mechanism for high level organisation and sharing of knowledge and information within the SoSE thesaurus system. To illustrate its applicability, a scenario derived from realistic use cases is provided. The potential benefits of this research are identified and a brief description of intended further work is given. Paper: 1569745287 Title: A Novel Approach of SoS Modeling and Comprehensive Evaluation based‐on Ontology

Author: Jing Zhang (Science and Technology on Complex Systems Simulation Laboratory, P.R. China); Qin zhang Yu (Science and Technology on Complex Systems Simulation Laboratory, P.R. China); ZeMin Li (Institution of System Engineering, P.R. China)

Abstract: Based on the analysis of main issue in SoS field, including basic question, main characteristic and bottleneck problem, we put forward that we should change the SoS research method using reductionism. Hence, a new method named SoSO (SoS Ontology) was given innovatively with the help of clinging the concept of SoS, using technology of ontology, and synthetic analyzing these factors as elements, relations and field knowledge. These factors which has influenced SoS formation, utilization and evaluation were analyzed, and the model of factors relationship was constituted. The emphasis was the influence mechanism of comprehensive efficiency that soft power affected SoS. A new approach of comprehensive evaluation to SoS was proposed which has made preliminary application. Practice has proved that SoSO method was feasible, which supported a new solution to the question about SoS effectiveness comprehensive evaluation. Session 8C: Miscellaneous (III) Paper: 1569736353 Title: Hierarchical Robotic Crane System for Post Grid Array Environments Author: Ted Shaneyfelt (University of Hawaii at Hilo, USA); Mohammad Jamshidi (University of Texas at San Antonio, USA); Sos Agaian (University of Texas, San Antonio, USA) Abstract: A robotic system of crane systems is proposed and simulated for a vanilla pollination application. The system could be used for other applications where a grid of posts is serviced in an area suitable for overhead cranes. Existing crane systems could work together with new crane equipment in a hierarchical manner. A docking crane system with two or more six degree of freedom cranes services the area around posts upon which it docks. Vision is used for subject recognition and control feedback. Paper: 1569747685 Title: Minimizing Energy Consumption in Random Walk Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks utilizing Compressed Sensing Author: Minh Nguyen (Oklahoma State University, USA) Abstract: Random walk (RW) routing for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has been proven to balance energy consumption for the whole sensors. Since Compressive sensing (CS) provides a novel idea that can reconstruct all raw data based on a small number of measurements, the energy consumption for data gathering in WSNs is reduced significantly. The combination between RW routing and CS can help efficiently save energy and achieve longer network lifetime. In this paper, we continue to introduce RW as an effective routing method in WSNs utilized CS. We formulate the average communication distance between sensors in a RW and the average distance between RWs and the base station (BS). We finally build the total energy consumption and exploit the minimum energy consumption case for the network. Based on analyzing the sensor broadcasting radius, while the WSN is connected as an undirected graph G(V,E), we can suggest the optimal radius that leads the network consumes the lowest energy and also has load balancing.

SoSE 2013 8th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, Maui, HI Session 9: Miscellaneous (IV) Paper: 1569732217 Title: Terms Extraction from Unstructured Data Silos Author: Richard Lomotey (University of Saskatchewan, Canada); Deters (University of Saskatchewan, Canada) Abstract: The major challenge that the big data era brings to the services computing landscape is debris of unstructured data. The high-dimensional data is in heterogeneous formats, schemaless, and are from multiple sources. This situation has made it almost impractical to apply existing data mining techniques which are designed for schema-based data sources in a knowledge discovery in database (KDD) process. In this paper, a tool called TouchR, is proposed which algorithmically relies on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to extract terms from data silos; specifically, NoSQL databases− which we model as network graph. Our use case graph consists of nodes such as Bigdata, CouchDB, Neo4J, DynamoDB etc. The evaluation of TouchR shows optimization of the search time as well as high accuracy for terms extraction and organization. Paper: 1569742577 Title: Understanding Patterns for System of Systems Integration Author: Rick Kazman (University of Hawaii, USA); Klaus Schmid (University of Hildesheim, Germany); Claus Nielsen (Aarhus University, Denmark); John Klein (Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon, USA) Abstract: Architecting systems of systems is well known to be a formidable challenge. A major aspect in this is defining the integration among the systems that constitute the system of systems. In this paper, we aim to support the SoS architect by systematically developing a way to characterize system of systems integration patterns. These characteristics at the same time support the architecting process by highlighting important issues a SoS architect needs to consider. We discuss the consolidated template and illustrate it with an example pattern. We also discuss the integration of this novel pattern approach into the overall architecting process. Paper: 1569735411 Title: Formalisation and Mapping of Terminologies for Systems of Systems Engineering Thesaurus Author: Huseyin Dogan (The School of Design, Engineering and Computing, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom); Vishal Barot (Loughborough University, United Kingdom); Michael Henshaw (Loughborough University, United Kingdom); Carys Siemieniuch (Loughborough University, United Kingdom) Abstract: The emergence of Systems of Systems Engineering (SoSE) poses challenges to the consistent use of terminology within and/or across heterogeneous sectors such as transport, energy and defence. In preparation for Horizon 2020, an €80 billion financial instrument running from 2014 to 2020 to implement the Europe 2020 strategy, the European Commission funded T-AREA-SoS project to formulate a strategic research agenda for SoSE that spans US and Europe activities. As part of T-AREA-SoS, a thesaurus will be created to ensure that SoS concepts and terms are consistently interpreted, and to provide an artefact that will be of significant assistance to planners of future programmes in SoSE. This paper proposes an approach for the formalisation and mapping of terminologies for a SoSE thesaurus development. This paper also discusses the theoretical foundations and exemplars of this applied approach in addition to the user interface specification for a proposed web-based thesaurus development. Session Poster: Poster Paper: 1569734019 Title: SIRMs Fuzzy Approximate Reasoning Using L-R Fuzzy Number as Premise Valuable Author: Takashi Mitsuishi; Takanori Terashima; Nami Shimada; Toshimichi Homma; Yasunari Shidama Abstract: The framework consists of two propositions: To guarantee the convergence of optimal solution, a set of fuzzy membership functions (admissible fuzzy controller) which are selected out of continuous function space is compact metrizable. And assuming approximate reasoning to be a functional on the set of membership functions, its continuity is proved. Then, we show the existence of SIRMs which minimize (maximize) the integral performance function of the nonlinear feedback fuzzy system.

SoSE Research Priorities

Documents

Transcript of SoSE Research Priorities