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EDITED BY

THE REV.

ARTHUR HOLMES, M.A.LATE SENIOR FELLOW AND DEAN OF CLARE COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE

THE REV.

CHARLES BIGG, D.D.m

FORMERLY PRINCIPAL OF BRIGHTON COLLEGELATE SENIOR STUDENT AND TUTOR OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD

SOPHOCLES

EDITED BY

R. C. J EBB, M.A., LL.D.PROFESSOR OF GREEK AT THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, LATE FELLOW AND

TUTOR OF TRINITY COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE

THE ELECTRA

RIVINGTONSWATERLOO PLACE, LONDON

(/ y-.^"

\ai/ "ii,^- u ^ t '^ >-"-. 'djo. ",

IUMIVEReiTY\

INTRODUCTION TO THE ELECTRA,

The EleSha is the only extant play in which Sophocles drawson the legends connected with the house of Pelopsthe sourceto which Aeschylus was indebted in his Orestean trilogy, andEuripides in his EleSlra and Orestes. The contrast betweenEuripides and his predecessors is too well marked to gainmuch in clearness from the accident of his having treated thesame subjedt. But there is perhaps no method by which thedistindtive charadler of the Sophoclean EleSlra can be morereadily brought out than by viewing it in connexion with theChoephoroe. Before attempting a brief comparison, it will beuseful to glance at the Pelopid story in its historical growth

as it appears in the Iliad, in the Odyssey, in early fragments,

and in Pindar.(a) The Iliad. In the Iliad the Pelopidae are prominent,

but only as the ancestors of Agamemnon,as a long line ofprinces deriving from Zeus and succeeding each other in peace,until the sceptre was handed down to the leader of the waragainst Troy. See //. ii. loo:'Agamemnon the king roseup, holding the sceptre that Hephaestus wrought; Hephaestusgave it to Zeus, son of Cronus, supreme; and then Zeus gaveit to Hermes, messenger of the gods; and Hermes the god

vi INTRODUCTION

gave it to Pelops, smiter of horses; and then Pelops gave it toAtreus, shepherd of the people; and Atreus at his death left itto Thyestes, rich in lambs; and then Thyestes left it to Aga-memnon, that it should be borne in his hand, and that heshould rule over many islands and all Argos.'

In this record there is no hint of the later conception,

which throws out the fate of Agamemnon against a deep back-ground of antecedent family horrors,the sin of Pelops,themurder of Chrysippus,the murder of Pleisthenes,the epi-sode of Atreus and Thyestes.

(d) llie Odyssey. Here, for the first time, appears the

germ of an epic Oresteia. In the council of the gods {Od.I. 35), Zeus says that Aegisthus had, vtrkp fiopov, 'beyondhis destiny,' wedded the wife of Agamemnon and slain theking, though the gods had warned him ' neither to slay Aga-memnon, nor to woo his wife; for there shall be a retributionfrom Orestes, descendant of Atreus, so soon as he shall cometo man's estate, and feel a yearning for his own land. Thusspake Hermes, but he persuaded not the mind of Aegisthusby his friendly counsels; and now Aegisthus has paid atone reckoning for all the guilt.' Again, Nestor says to Te-lemachus {Od. iii. 193):'Of Atreides, you of Ithaca haveyourselves heard, though afar off, how he came, and how Aegis-thus plotted dark death. But verily the man paid a dreadfulreckoning; so that it is good that at least the son of a deadman should survive : for thus Orestes was avenged on theslayer of his father, on treacherous Aegisthus, who slew hisfamous' sire.' Lastly, the story is told with circumstance inOd. IV. 514 S., where Menelaus recounts to Telemachuswhat he had learned in Egypt from Proteus respedling the fateof Agamemnon. The ships of the chieftain and his comrades,driven northward from 'the steep mount of Malea,' had foundharbour near a spot ' where Thyestes had his dwelling afore-time, but where Aegisthus son of Thyestes then dwelt.' Thendid Agamemnon 'set foot joyously on his fatherland...But so

TO THE ELECTRA. vii

it was that a spy saw him from a place of espial ; for treacher-ous Aegisthus had taken a spy and set him there, and promisedhim pay, two talents of gold; and the spy watched for a wholeyear, lest Agamemnon should slip past him, and have time tocolledl a warrior's might. And the man set out to bring thenews to the house, to the shepherd of the people. And straight-way Aegisthus devised a cunning scheme : he chose twenty ofthe boldest men of all the people, and set an ambush ; butover against it he commanded to prepare a feast. Then hewent to bid Agamemnon, shepherd of the people, with chariotsand horses, plotting cruel things; and he brought him back,dreaming not of death, and when he had feasted him, he slewhim, as a man slays an ox at the manger.'

In this epic version of the story two points are noticeable :

the place held by Aegisthus, and the charadler of the ven-geance taken by Orestes.

1. In the passage just quoted, as also in the speech ofNestor {Od. iii. 193), Aegisthus is the sole contriver of the

deed. The other notice [Od. i. 35) presents him as a boldand wicked man, who defied the express warning of the gods,and took the consequence of his deed, ctSoSs ahrvv ok^Bpov.This is plainlyj^different AegisthusJirom the despicable ac-complice seen dimly in the background of the Aeschyle_anClytaemnestra's crime,from the Aegisthus who is termed bythe Eledlra of^SopilOcles, na.vi waAKts ovtosd cruV yuval^l

Tas /iax"5 TTotou/tefos. It is true that, even in the Odyssey, the

treacherous and cowardly means employed by Aegisthus arealways dwelt upon; it is true, moreover, that the criminal com-

plicity of Clytaemnestra is twice referred to {Od. iv. 92 : xxiv.

97). But the fadl remains that, in the epic Oresteia, Aegisthus

stands in the foreground, and is at least credited with so muchforce of character as is requisite to originate and execute a

great crime.

2. It is nowhere said in the Odyssey that Orestes slew

Clytaemnestra. He slays Aegisthus only,a stranger in Wood,

viii INTRODUCTION

and the murderer of Agamemnon. From the meritorious cha-

rader of such a deed there was absolutely no dedudlion to be

made; it was, according to the usage of the Homeric age, his

plain and urgent duty; its performance was a title to good

repute :

^ ovK atew olov kXeos iXXa/Se Sios 'Opia-rqi

irdvTai eir' dv6pwTrovi, iinl eicTove iraTpoovrja ;

(Od I. 298.)

(c) Early Epic and Lyric poets. From these, in the in-terval between Hom^r and Aeschylus, the story of the Pelo-

pidae appears to have received an important developement. In

"tiisEMgituagjiur Ek^ra Schneidewin notices its treatment byAgias of Troezen in his Noo-rot (circ. 740 B.C.)by an unknownauthor in an epic called the 'A\K/taiivtsand by Stesichorus ofHimera (circ. 610 b.c) in a poem which was probably a com-prehensive lyric Oresteia. To Stesichorus appear to havebeen due three important innovations in the story. First, thenotion of an. hereditary curse begins to be interwoven,not,indeed, as resident in the line of Pelops, but as entailed onClytaemnestra by her father Tyndarus. Secondly, Clytaem-nestra, and not Aegisthus, is brought into the foreground aschief agent in the murder of Agamemnon. Thirdly, Orestesslays, not Aegisthus only, but Clytaemnestra also. And nowfor the first time the^Furies appear on his track, while Apollocomes forward to shield him,deigning even to lend him hisbow and arrowsa hint afterwards borrowed by Euripides(Or. z68, Sos )HOi KCpovX/ca Tofa, 8(3pa Ao^ianj).

(d) Pindar. A passage in the nth Pythian (w. 20

56)is occupieHlvith the nemesis which overtook Clytaemnestra andAegisthus. The subjedl is suggested by the mention of Cirrha,where Thrasydaeus conquered ' in the rich lands of Pylades,friend of Laconian Orestes; whom, when his father was beingmurdered, Arsinoe (the nurse) withdrew from under the violenthands far from the direful cunningof Clytaemnestra...And

TO THE ELECTRA. ix

Orestes, a tender child, found a refuge with Strophius, the agedfriend of his father, dwelHng at the foot of Parnassus : but inthe tardy day of wrath he slew his mother, and laid Aegis-thus weltering in blood.' In two points Pindar's sketch ofthe story is original. It contains the earliest extant noticeof the sojourn of Orestes in Phocis; for in the Odyssey {ui. 307)Orestes returns home, not from Phocis, but from Athens.Secondly, it is suggested {Pyth. xi. 35) that Clytaemnestra'smotive for the murder of Agamemnon may have been the im-molationjofJEphigeneia at_^Aulis. ^The Odyssey, on the con-trary, implies that Clytaemnestra was accessory to the crimesolely through her passion for Aegisthus. 'Jl'he story of Iphi-

geneia's death first appears in Stasinus of Cyprus, an epic poetof the 8th century B.C. (Schneid. Einl. z. EleSlrd). It will beseen presently how the motive hinted by Pindar is employedby one of the tragedians./ Thus at the beginning of the sth century b. c. the growthof the mythus is complete. It has been gradually amplifiedby the accession of new incidents^gradually subtilized bytouches palliating the crime and clouding the justice of therevengeuntil the simple Homeric Oresteia, the story of aplain duty bravely done, has been complicated into a subjedlfor dramatic analysis. )

When we inquire how the two elder tragedians have re^spedlively dealt with one segment of this large subjedl,withthe argument of the Choephoroe and of the EleSlra,^a diver-gence of mythical creeds is at once evident. Aeschylus followswhat we have seen to be the latest and most complex versionof the story. Sophocles leans to an Homeric treatment; hisAegisthus, if base and mean, is the leading criminal, whosepunishment is the climax of tragic interest; his Orestes, in ex-ecuting the revenge, does an absolutely good deed. Thisdifference of conception, which necessarily modifies every de-tail of treatment, was obviously imposed by the fadl that theChoephoroe is the second piece of a trilogy, a link in a chain

;

INTRODUCTION

while the Eleilra of Sophocles, in accordance with a pradtice

introduced by its author, possesses an independent unity andhad apparently neither prelude nor sequel. In the Choe-phoroe, Aeschylus is only working up towards the climax at

last reached in the Eumenides. He is only creating that feudbetween two conflidling interests,the son's duty to a deadfather and to a living mother,^which is finally to be recon-ciled on the Hill of Ares.^~Ulence it is not the aim of Aes-chylus to throw all the guilt into one scale,to represent

Clytaemnestra as without excuse, or Orestes as the championof an absolutely righteous cause. Rather he seeks to conveyan impression of divided guilt, of contending and almost ba-lanced claims, in such a manner that the spectators shall sym-

pathise with Orestes, yet shall still be capable of suspense asto the ultimate verdidt of the Areopagus. The AeschyleanClytaemnestra pleads, as the chief motive for her crime, amother's anguish for the murder of a daughter. In the ele-vation of her resentment, in her masculine energy and decision,she stands so high above the AeschylgaiLA^gisthus, that theold epic motive for her deed, a woman's love for her paramour,is scarcely permitted to enter our thoughts. On the otherhand, Agamemnon in Aeschylus is by no means the stainlessvi6lim of whom we hear in Sophocles. He is, indeed, a majesticfigure, o TravToVe/ivos, and appeals strongly to heroic sympa-thies. But he is also one who, by his own adlions, has becomediredlly amenable to the TraXawJ? 8pi/ivs oKdaToip,that Curseabiding in the house and influencing the fortunes of its guilt-less as well as its guilty members, yet always on the watch forsuch personal conduft as may place any particular individualmore diredtly in its power. Agamemnon falls under the strokeof Clytaemnestra; but close behind, towering above her whileshe strikes and enveloping the adlion in its shadow, stands theimplacable Erinys. \

Again, great pains are taken in the Choephoroe to give theutmost prominence to the relationship of son and mother sub-

I

TO THE ELECTRA. xi

sisting between the slayer and the slain ; and in the last resort,to make the/ very most of the appeal to filial piety in arrest ofjudgment.\IIn Aeschylus, as in Sophocles, a terrible dream im-pels Clytaemnestra to send offerings to the tomb of Agamdm-non ; but the difference between the dreams is significant, v InSophocles. Cb^emnestra's dream merely shews hex,Agamem-non resjored-to-life ; he plants his sceptre at the hearth, andit puts forth branches till the. whole tod.is.overshadQvired.

\jThe Aeschylean Clytaemnestra dreams that_.5he had suckled aserpent in the cradle of Qrestes, and that her nursling has

'

turned upon her to slay her. It is on hearing this dream that" Grestes finally resolves that he wilTenaiF'such "a part {^ktfiixkav-

TwQvM iyio KT61V0) vtv),thus accepting, as the decisive encour-agement to his deed, the ve^jnustrati^n^which places it inthe most odioi^Ji^it/^i From"the opemngoftEe'piay, the~des--tined avenger is troubled with visitings of conscience and dis-turbing doubts, against which the express command of Apolloand the clear duty to the dead prevail with the utmost difficulty

.J

It is the evident defedt of the Choephoroe as a drama that,through nearly 600 lines, or more than half the entire play,the adiion is stationary at the same point. Ele6lra andOrestes linger at their father's grave, invoking his spirit to aid

them, dwelling on his wrongs, on the oracle of Apollo, on the

dream of Clytaemnestra,seeking in all ways to confirm theirshrinking purpngp- Schlegel has suggested an apology for

this suspension of progress. ' It is,' he says, ' the stillness ofexjfciftation before a storm or earthquake.' This defence ap-pears to us to miss the point. It is true that the catastrophe

becomes more tremendous by its reservation to the end of theplay, s^ut the chief significance of the long pause before the

blow surely lies in the hesitation which it betrays,in the waver-ing choice between conflifling duties, in the trembling of thebalance until argument piled on argument turns the scale.

No sooner has the deed been done, than the old doubts startup afresh. When Orestes, at the end of the play, descries

INTRODUCTION

the Furies, his conscience at once tells him on what errandthey have come.\J In vain the Chorus attempts to reassure

him. * These are no phantoms of evil before me : without

doubt these are the patient sleuth-hounds of my mother.'In the Elellra of Sophocles there is no trace of the moral

agony_which convulses the adlion of the Choephoroe. There is

nothing but inflexible resolve,steadfast progress to a righteous

end,the expiation of Agamemnon's death by the death ofhis murderers. The scope of the play is accurately given inits concluding words :' 0_seed_of Atreus, from how long anordeal have ye hardly come in freedom, crowned with peace bythis day's effort.' The aim of the poet is to rnnrpntratp mirs^ymgathies on the cause of Orestes and Eleflra. Clytaem-nestra is no longer allowed to attradl a share of compassion asthe mother who cannot forget the immolation of her child

;

she does]" indeed,jlad that provocation, butthe pleais dia-allowed and refuted wijAJnurnphant scorn by Eledlra. AoAosrfv o pdcra^, po9 o KTctVas, says the Chorus,

'

fraud was the

contriver, /tesi the slayer.' Her ungenerous treatment ofEledlra is brought into the strongest relief; and when she hasIhus been debaaed -in the cymt uf the b|.iefl,atDrs, she is slamjjmost as a irdpepyov of the retribution, with sHght circumstanceor comment. Aegisthus once more, as in the old epic story,

comes_

to the front, and it is his fate which forms the cata-strophe of the drama. As regards the apfents ot the vengeance,on their part there is no trace of faltering. The_dutyis urgedon Orestes by natural feeling, by the common voice of men, by

lead fathfer,"the spirit ot his dead fath'fer, by Apollo and Z/eus. He hasbeeiTrescued and reared by the faithful servant expressly thathe may become irarpl Tifiuipd's ovoi;. He is far calmer andmore resolute than the Orestes of tlie Choepfwroe, for his wholelife has been bound up with the convidlion that he is theKaOapriji irpos O^iav (op/xij/xci/os,the purger of the house with amission from the Gods. Even the Delphic oracle which, as inAeschylus, constitutes his patent of revenge, has a different

TO THE ELECTRA. xiii

tenor. In the Choephoroe, it denounces the most tremendouspenalties on non-peiformance, as if reludlance on the part ofOrestes was to be expe6led. In ^& EleSlra the oracle doesnot threaten, it merelyt instrudts : assuming the will, it pointsout the way. Apollo Catharsms, the god of cleansing, is bythe same title Destroyer of noxious thingsj and his influencesheds light over the drama by which the house of the Pelopi-dae is purged of the inmates who defiled it. The EleBra ispervaded by a keen tone of life and vigour, in contrast withthe loaded atmosphere^" the~opprESSive stillness of expedtancy,

which precedes the bursting of the storm in the Ckoephoroe.It is in perfedl keeping with the spirit of the EleSlra that thefirst scene opens at break of day, and calls up the sights andsounds of early morning. Throughout the subsequent adtion,in the clearness of its purpose and in its sanguine energy,there is abundant assurance that 'the black night of stars haswaned,'that the gloom lit only by doubtful hopes is overpast,and that the powers of light are in the ascendant.

If an attempt to compare the Choephoroe and the Sopho-clean EleSlra has a definite purpose, little is to be gainedby placing beside either of them the 'EleSlra of Euripides.Works of art are commensurable only when the theories whichproduced them have a common basis. When Schlegel is atpains to contrast the elaborate homeliness of the Euripidean

Eledlra with the severe grandeur of its rivals, the criticism

appears to us unmeaning. Aeschylus and Sophocles,-as spe-cial types of the same school, may profitably be compared.Euripides was a realist in art; he deliberately sacrificed the

) ideal grace of trage3y"to the hope of a closer human interest;' by variety of incident and circumstance, he studied to minglethe tragic and the trivial as they are mingled in a chapter ofreal life.

The date of the EkHra remains unfixed between the years440 B.C. (the Antigone) and 410 B.C. (the PhiloSletes). Invv. 731

734, an allusion has been imagined to the policy of

xiv INTRODUCTION TO THE ELECTRA.

Pericles in the year 433 e.g., when Corinth and Corcyra wererival suitors for the alliance of Athens : but the evidence is tooslight, and the attitude imputed to Pericles is not historical (seeThuc. I. 32

43 : compare Grote, vi. pp. 84 ff.).Dindorfs text has been adopted in this edition, a few

deviations being noticed where they occur.

rOOOKAEOYS HAEKTPA.

TnOGBSIS.

'Tir(5ic6tTOi (SSe' rpoijieis SeiKvis 'Qpiar'Q to, in 'A.pya. lUKpiv yi.p airiiiSuTa KK4\fiaiTa ij 'HX^/trpa, ^w'/ca 6 rariip i

DRAMATIS PERSONAE.

Electra, played by the Protagonist.

8lvtIe'mnestka, }pl^y^. irpoXoYOSi vv. 1 120.

s. K0|i|i.6$, vv. 121250.3. iTei

HAEKTPA.

nAiAArnros

*fl TOW aTpaTq'^rjO'avTO'i iv Tpoia iroTe'Ayafiefivovo'i iral, vvv eKelv e^eari aoiirapovTi Xevaaeiv Sv 7rp6dvfio

4 SOOKAEOT2TV? olarpoTrX'fjyo'i a\(ro5 TTJs olorpoirXTJ^os dXcros- ] 'Thesolemn haunt of the vexed wanderer.'oXo-os, the hallowed scene of her vi-sitation by Hera. lo says (Aesch.P. V. 694) ^tytXQV TT/wJs eHwordy reKeyxpelas pios, (between Argos andTegea) A.ipvqs re Kp-^vTjv. Cf. Pind.M X. 19, 'Apyetov T^/iei'os (Argolisas sacred to Hera) : Pind. P. ix.53, Aios l^oxos Kdiros (Libya) :Soph. Ant. 844, eij/Sas eiapfmrovd\(ros (Thebes as sacred to Diony-sus).

7 d70pd AvKcios] i.e. the agora atArgos, with the Avkciov on one sideof it : Thuc. V. 47, i,vayp6,tj/

1 8] HAEKTPA.WoKvdiOopov T6 Sajyua TleXoTTihwv roSe,Wev ae irarpo'; eK ^ovafp iyoi jrore ITT/jo? arjt; ofidi/iov Kal Ka (fytKraTe ^ivccvHvKaSrj, Tt

'xpij Bpav iv rdj^ei -^ovKevreov'(B? rjiuv ^Br) \afnrp6v rjXiov aeka'ieata Kivel Ai6/iiiSes e'jri 'ipiieatsi p,dxfff6ai :Thuc. V. 9, av Si K\eaplSa...TdsTTifXas Avol^as ereKdeiv. This idiomhas always a di d/dv eKpavBi] : Euripidesnever.

18 lua.] The sights and soundsof early morning fitly herald theadlion of this play, in which ^of/Sos

6 SO^OKAEOTSuiXaivd r aarpwv eKkeXonrev ev^povri.Trplv ovv Tiv avepwv i^oSonropeiv areyTj?,

^wavT^fop \6yoi,a-i,V to? evTavff fifievfXv ovKeT OKvelv Kaipo's oKK epjwv aKfirj.

OPESTHS

ij.] ' Wakens into clear-ness :' ffaipTJ proleptic. So v. 13,e^eBpe^l/dfiriv ...Tifjuiipiii: cf. v. 68:Aesch. A^. 1258, cSipTjiwv, (3 roKaiva,KoliJ/riaov (TTd/m, hush thy lips intoholy silence : Soph. Ai. 517, Ka8ei\a'"AlSov davaffifiovs oU'^TopaSf broughtthem low, to dwell in Hades intheir death : Find. P. I. 52, aim 5'AfdyKq, fuv the only authority is Cal-llmachus (flor. 250 B.C.), quotedby Herodian irepl fwvijpovs Xefeus,('On Singularities of Diftion'), p.24. 3. Dind. now reads, on his ownconje. Nauckproposes, instead of ivraW c/iiv, oisKaBiaTap,cv or ciis pepr/xa/iev. Thetrue reading I believe to be c5s, XviaTap.iv,

Ioiiic (or 4t' 6ici>uv Kaipos.

A commentator, who wished to sup-ply an antecedent to iva, wrote ev-TavBa in the margin : thence it creptinto the text, and iva was thrust Intothe next line ; the reje

36] HAEKTPA.'offirep yap ?7r7ro? eiJyei'T)?^ xav

^yepcav,

ev Toia-i Seivoi

8 2037 X"P^s-] To be taken vrith aa-yds : cf. v. 476, Skaia xfpo'" Kparti.X/)o's is opposed to dairlSuobythe stroke of my arm, not withshields and spears : aur(i is opposedto arpnToOalone, not with a host.38 0T] =^7riSi7. In this sense,

usu. vrith perfecft : Ar. Nui. 34,^(ijXrxas i/ii y ix ruv iixiSv, ire KalSiKas

54] HAEKTPA./ieyi(Tro50

special point in the use of his namehere. He was the brother of Crisus,eponymous hero of Crisa. Betweenthe brothers, said the legend, therewas deadly feud : before birth theyhad struggled in the womb. NowCrisa is the seat of amity to Aga-memnon: Apollo, its god, is hisavenger; Strophius, its king, hisally; Pylades, the son of Strophius,is the sworn ftiend of Orestes. HencePhanoteus, the foe of Crisus, isranged with Aegisthus and Clytaem-nestra, the sons of Agamemnon.

4.6 TDTxdvsi.] Sc. iSv., Plat. Hipp.Maj. p. 45, Stti ravra Tuyx^""koKtj : Xen. Mem. I. 612, SaicpdTriiawiroSijTos xal oxiTWji SieriXei : andso, as a rule, ptUvo/mi.

Sopv^^vuv.] ' Spear-friends.' InAesch. and Soph, this word seemsto designate a state alliance undera special aspeift,as a personal rela-tion between the contradling chiefs.Thus in Soph. 0. C. 632, Theseus,the representative of Athens, wel-comes Oedipus, the representativeof Thebes, as one for whom thedopi^evos iarla is always ready. Cf.Aesch. Cho. 553, f^os re xal Sopi-{wos, i.e. a ^ims in both the simpleand the complex sense. There isno authority for Plutarch's notion(Quaest. Graec. 18) that a ransomedprisoner-of-war and his ransomerwere properly dopi^evoi (e. g. Glau-cus and Diomede).

47 ^pKcp.] i.e. dyyfWe Spxif, vpoa-nOeis IfipKov). Cf. v. 32Q:~Ar. Av.

1004, 6p6

10 20*OKAEOTl,o KoX

8o] HAEKTPA. naW CO irctTpcpa yrj 0eoi r iyycopioi,,Se^aerOe fi evTvxpvvra TatcSe raw 6So2

12 20Ka\ yr) irkvBei,v. 290: and meanly dressed, v. 191,deLKeC ffiv aroX^.)El. Day andnight I mourn my father, not slainon the battle-field, but felled, aswood-cutters fell an oak, by Ae-gisthus and his paramour mymother. I have no sympathisers

:

but want of sympathy can neverquench my grief. Princes andavengers of the dead, avenge ourfather, and send Orestes to share myburden.

87 yijs Urofioip'.] 'Coextendedwith earth :' having a /ioTpa, a do-main in space, equal to earth's nolpa

:

vercanopying earth. 7^5 is a genitiveof comparison : for adje

I02] ^^^AEKTPA.

TToWa? S' dvTrjpeL91 v'iroX6ti.] Conjunftive inspite of ^ffBov V. 89, because theidea in Eleflra's mind is ^(rdov /coiIn vSv aiadivu. Madv. Synt, 131^.

92 tA 8i n'avvvx'Suv.] ' Thejoys of my vigils,'ironically, vav-vvxls being a torchlight festival, asat the Aiji/aio, Ar. /fan, 3.71, v/ietiS' Ayeyelpere ixo\Tb.v \ koX iravvvx^'flas ris 'qfxer4pas \ at r^Se jrpiirovai.viopry : and at the Beydldeia in Mu-nychia, Plat. J!ep. 328 A, /coi rpos yevawvxlSa irovriaovtriv, qv &^iov ded-

14 S0*0KAE0T2aW' ov fiev BrjXjjfft) 6pr]va)v oTvyepwv re yooov,

eg T av Tra/KpeyyeK aarpcov

pnrai Xeva-aco Se t68' tjfiap,),

.firj ov -reicvoKireip &

1 2 1] HAEKTPA.eXder, dprj^aTe, TiaacQe iraTpo's

i6 SO*OKAEOT2'HXeKTpa /iaTp6fiarpci; dXoVT aTrarat? 'Aya/iifivovaKaica re %6tj0t irpoBoTov ; do'} 6 rdBe jroptov

oXoiT, ei fioi difiif Tab' avSdv.

^ HAEKTPA

CO yevedXei. yevvaicov,

^^Ker i/jLWv Ka'/idr^v irapafivdiov. S^'*^-"'^oioa re Kau ^wvrjfit too , ov n fie^vyydvei, ovB' eOeKo) irpdKnreiv Tohe,

IJ,rj ov Tov ifiiov arevd^eiv iraTep' dffXiov.aXV m iravTola: iambiis,

iambus, bacchius. Anacreonticverse.

V. 136. afarI

ucKoul/ytai : iambic pen-themimer.123 raKcis ot|iaYiiivai /ie :

cf. v. J09. Madv. Synt. 26 b.126 ws.] Utinam. II. XVIII. 107,

(dS ipi% Ik re SeiSv Ik t dvSpJnravdwkXoiro : Od. I. 47, tis oVAXoito kbXdXXos : Eur. Hipp. 407, lis SKoltoirayKiKus, where Brunck and Er-furdt less well read 101, sic. Her-mann, indeed, (ad Ai. 904) deniedthat (is could have the meaning ofeWe, utinam ; but the passages quot-ed seem against him. Cf. v. 1226.

129 ^cv^BXcl] yevc6\ri, stock, face

:

but rd yhe8\a, proparoxytone.130 irapa|ivSiov. Accus. in ap-

position with the motion of qKere=oiiv iXrjKiBare : cf. v. 966 : Eur. Or.1 105, "BX^jTji' Krdvapjai, Mei/eXE^ Xi!-irrpi vtKpdv : Eur. Andr. 290, Ku-7r/Ks elXe (won him) X^YotsaMXais^...iri.Kpdv...

I46J HAEKTPA.eare fi wo aMjecv,-v^alal, MvoOuai, , ,-v. >

kvTtv-rpoOl'^ oXOPOS

a\\' wroi Tov y i^ 'AifiSarrayKoivo'v Xifiva^ irarep dv-ffToo-et? ovre yoounv ovr avTUK.aW airb twv fierpimv eir dfirijfavovaKyo

i8 20*OKAEOT2aW' e/ie 7' a aiovoeaii apapev ippivai,a "Itw, alev "Itvv 6\o(f>vpeTai,,opvt^ aTv^ojjbeva, Aio^ 0776X0?.Iw jravrXafieov Nto/8a,

i6s] HAEKTPA.7r/30? J^t o-i) Twv evSqv, el Trepiairq,oh ofioOev el koI yova ^vvaifio's, '

OM Hpva6defii,

20 SO*OKAEUTiSdKpvai fivSaXea, tov dwjvvTmT^^'^

f^i. jHTOv exovcra kukSv- o MMderaifp

r iTraff d,v r' iSd-^^y^p ovk ifcolepxerai dryyeXioi diroLTaifieiiov; ;^,.*-U-

7 Sad fikv^ yap vo6el,lkxJ^^-^ ""^

' l-TTodwv S' OVK d^Lol virepaX^^okov vefiovaa^ Y'^me: o?9 ixffaipecivirepii^^'^T' imXdequ.Xpovov jap evfiapfj'i de6

192] HAEKTPA.ffovvofiou ^(ov anravTrats 'AyafiefivovlSa'i airepiTpo'iro'i,

22 S00KAE0T2 1:193

XOPOS

olKTpa fiev vo

24 X00KAE0T2Td irapovT' oLiceuvs eis &Ta, ev.

230 dXvra KCKXijo-erav.] 'Shall benumbered with the cureless.' El-lendt, s.y. KoXtio-floi : 'Est ubi graviorpauUo circumlocutio verbi substan-tivi videtur.' It is always graviorpaullo, meaning i, to bear a nameto which a certain prestige attaches:V. 365= vvvSi^hwarphs \ vdvTuvdpl-(TTou valSa iceKX^o-ffai, koKov | T^t/"JT/30S ; 2. to be ranked permanent-

237],

HAEKTPA.ovoe 'TTOT iic Kafxartidv anroiravao^av

,/ lirci)8;

25

23 s

ly in some particular class or cate-gory: Aesch. CAo. 1026, wvpos re4'iyyos d(j>6i,Tov KeKkrjiUvov.

232 Spijvwv.] Genitive dependingon &pidfi6s in dvdpLdfios: cf. v. 36,tffe, Madv. Synt. 63. i.

233250. These verses formthe ^jT^Sij,the sequel, in a lyricpassage, to the regular ^iSij ofstrophe and antistrophe. The termis not Aristotle's, but is from Dion.Halicarn. , Jlepl avvBitTeus ivo/idruv,ch. XIX. : iv vdaais Sei rats arpo-asiwcjiSois diufiorrepa (fiiXos and j>vdti6v)Koieiv ravT ?|foTi,

Metres of the epode :

Vv. 233235. Anapaestic dimeterscatal.

Vv. 236, 237. Daftylic tetrameters.Vv. 238242. Anapaestic dimeters

acatal.V. 243. i^vToviSv

IyoiSv | choriam-

bus, iambus i a dochmiac verse.See note to v. 193 on metre ^of V. 205. /

V. 244. ySp pHvIOSvuv

IIyd

re Kat oi;5|e>< w jj a pair ofdochmiac verses.

V. 245. Kelffiral TaX|as | trochaicpenthemimer.V. 246, the same.

V. 247. durova \ avrXtjiovaiii \ 8ucds |spondee, choriambus, trochee i

a glyconic verse : cf. note to v.121 on metre of w. 121 123.

V. 249. ipppT TIav ar8|i5s, iambic

penthemimer.V. 250. aTavTtZv T ev\aepel\a

SmruiiJ epitritus, iambus, bac-

chius, an 'autispastic' verse: cf.note to V. 121 on metre of v. 127.235 dlrais.] The dat. depends on

the notion of 'adding' {TrpoanOhiat)involved in HKrav. This is the truereason why, iere, the simple dat.seems to stand for the dat withrpos. In Eur. Phoen. 1496, ^wifi0OVOS Olim'oha. S6ijujv iSKeirev, (j)6r(pdoes not stand, as has been said, forirpds ^ovip, but is the dative of theinstrument or means.

236 Kal t fUrpov.] And (supposeing my grief is immoderate) is notmy wretchedness without measure ?Soph, is very fond of this xal : e.g.Phil. 1247, NB. dW d ilKaia, tukaotpwv Kpelaaa rdSe. OA. xal TrfijSlKaiov...iAi. 460, irorepa vpos ofxovs...irepiS; xal wolov S/i/w, varpl SijKili-

iJi^pE.] Without eliri : cf. Ar. Ack.541, ip, el KaKeSaijiavluD ns, k.t.\....KaBTjaB' dv iy Soiioiaiv ;237 iw\ TOts 6i|Ji^vois.] In the

case of the dead. By tois tpBip,.Ele

ii^

26 20*0KAE0TS.1,.,

.-

'

-

iv tIvi tovt 'ipkacfT dvOpwirmv ;/iTjT* eir}v evTifioi tovtok,

lirjT, eX rp irpoa-KeiiMM pj;p7j(7Tft),

ji^,^.^JbJwaiqtjJ^eyKrj\o

259] HAEKTPA.

f-m^

,., at^

- eppot T av atoco?aTTavrav t evaepeia avarwv.

XOPOS

eyco (lev, w irai, Kai to aov (nrevbovcr a/j,akclI Tovfiov avTr}

28 ,. 20$0KAE0TSQaKKovra ^SXKov rj Karacpdivov.O' opw;fl Trpwra fiev rk/ firjrpb'i r) fju iyeivaro)(0i

28 1] HAEKTPA.1'8Tr]ploiv,Aeglsthus : ' Must this hmtse wit-ness all the woes of the Pelopidae ?'

272 TOV ai!To^VTi]V.] The authorof a kinsman's death. Aegisthus,son of Thyestes, was the first cousinof'ArpelSris'Aya/iiuviav. For this ai-T0-, cf. Soph. Ai. 840, airoiKJiayeU

\

Trpos TiSv tpiXiartav iKydvoiP : Aesch.

^ff- i59' a-vrd^ova Kaxd : Aesch.Eum. 321, airovpylat. lidTMOi. Butin Herod. I. 117 d aidhriii ismerely opposed to 6 KeKaiiM diro-KTtivai.

xffiv.'] Expressing horror and in-dignation : Dam. Philip, I. p. 46,p.-ri iMi fivploig p.7iSi Sur/jLvplovs l^coi/s/iriSi t4s iruTToXi/uilovs rairas Svvd-/xs:Ar. fesp.ll'jgjU'^p.olyep.iBovs,

275 rXijiiuv.] 'Abandoned.' Be-feHreen tjie old epic sense of rXijjiiwi',jatienii.muck-enduring, and the later.sense, suffering, unhappy, an inter-mediate usage may be noted. TheTragedians sometimes apply TKi\pimito reckless depravity. In such casesthe word has a mixed sense, tingedboth by its ancient and by its latertone. It combines the notion ofhardihoodbold guilt^with the no-tion of miserywretched ^'A.\.. Cf.

^77 cYY^\i>TtifidKKav...6euv tarnai x""pais : or of the dancers themselves,Ar. Nub. 272, Up^v x^P^" icTareNv'/u^au. For the custom, cf. Aesch.

^S^- *3> 'P'ios irupaviiKuv KoX jcpw"KardjTaaiv (otherwise xo/KKfair/ov).

281 )i,|iT|va.] Monthly.inp-ipioihas two senses : (i) 'recurring oncea month' (the meaning here): (2)'lasting a month'the more usualsense. On ip,ii.i\va Ipd, Schneidewinalludes to the terms voviifiviatrrai,elKaharai, Ttrpaiiajal. The word

30 SO$OKAEOTi L^ceyw S' opooa r) Sva/Mopo^ faja crrer/wiKXaioD, TeTr/Ka, KaTTiKcoKvco iraTpos

rrjv SvaraXaivav Satr eTrcovo/j.aa'/ievvv'I'avTJji 7r/)09 avTrjV ovSe yap K\,avcrab iragaroaovS' oa-ov fiot 6v/i6is rjhovrjv (fiepei.

285

TeTpaSuTTol occurs in a fragment ofthe XopTiyls of Alexis (no. i in Mei-neke fra^. com. p. 574 ed. Bothe),to denote a club who met to dineon the 4th of each month. Nou-H^vMaTaX (Lysias, frag. 31) hasa corresponding sense. The Epi-cureans kept the 20th day of themonth,on which, in Gamelion 270B. c, Epicurus died,as a festivalin his honour : Athenaeus p. 298 D.

o-omipCois.] Voyagers arriving atthe Peiraeus gave thanks in the Ai-oaTi^piov there to Zeus 2aTiijp, thegod of seafarers especially (Donalds.lid Pind. 0. vm. 20). In Aesch.

^S'- ^37' TpiTOCirovSos aliiv is thehappy life for which a third liba-tion has been poured to Zeis Soi-Trjp, after the libations (i) to Zeusand Hera, (2) to the heroes. Apol-lo, too, was (romjpios in his characterof 'A.TroTp6iraios : but probably Cly-taemnestra would not express heracknowledgments to /lim.

283 T^TjKO.] The perfeft, denot-ing a state of things which has setin, may be joined with the pres.

;

cf. //. I. 37, kXvBl /lev, 'ApyvpoTO^',6s Xpiiarji' d/j.

3oi] HAEKTPA. 31dvTT) yap n Xoyoia-i yevyala 7WI/J7

,r/^

'

/ / Cipmvovaa jotab e^oveiSi^et kuko,' A'V^^^ r

TeOvqKev; aXKoToiqvu vXaKrei, (avpjo tiroTtpwet 7reA,a?^' '^^'o Km.eLvots avT-n zavja vvu.mw

32 SO^OKAEOTSo aiiv 6ap(T0vaa fiaWoP es Xoyovi

1302

310

y\^J^f-'

Phil. 621, Kvo: 4 TToffo p\d^7i: ii.927, t! ttC/) (ri Koi TToi' Setiia.

305 aeC] Pors. Supplem. adPraef.p. 15, 'Nescio cur miretur quisquod vocalem in del communem essestatuerim, cum idem fiat in lufuu,larpos, \tav, et aliis.'

o{i(ras T Kal diroicras.] All, goodor bad : Soph. Ant. 1 108, tr', fc-' d-^aovesi

Iot t 6iiTes ol t djroi/rcs:

Plaut. 7W. II. 2. 83, comedit quodfuU quod nonfuit.

307 oiiTe a-(i)c|>povEtv, k.t.X.] Insuch a case, it is impossible to beeither moderate (as all mortals shouldbe), or pious (as a daughter towardsher mother).

308 Toi.] Hermann, for rots,whichthe MSS. had also in At. Tj6, toi-oIitU toi \oyouri. Cf. Eur. Mx. 228,aotpov Tot (Porson, for ti) kok Kaxols& Sa poveiv : ' hanc particulam ingnomis amant Tragici.'

309 KeiriTr|8jiv.] ' Surroundedby evils, we must e'en (Kal) take toevil ways:' KoI=on our part; sirice^iv ifOKors=/ca(t4 Tracrxoi'Tos. For

this Kal, cf. w. 1026, 1301.312 i{ Kapra.] EUewhere koX

Ka/yra: Soph. O. C. 64, 01. rj yapTtpes valovat ToiaSe Tois t6tovs ;SB. Kal Kapra, roCSe toC 6eov 7 ^ir-liiniiwi : ii. 299, ^ xal SoKetTe tou tu-\ovTi.v' ivTpoTT^

I ^ ^povTiy ?!'.;XO. Kal Kapff, irav rep, k.t.X.

313 olxvttv.] Cf. V. 165, noie.ciYpalo-i.] Local dative. Cf. v.

174, noie, on ovpavip. Madv. Sytit.45*.

Twyx'''"'-] ^^ t'^s omission ofiSv, cf. V. 46, noie.

314 K&v.] Schneidewin reads Sdi'=Si) OK. When in poetry a word begin-ning with avowel follows a word end-ing vfith a long vowel or diphthong,one of three things happens : i . crasisproper: e.^. Kal 6, x

321] HAEKTPA< 33Toi)? aoiiis iKolfiTju, ecTrep wSe ravT e^^et-J 315

^j_' HAEKTPA '^

tas vvv aTTovToi laTopei' tl aot, l\ov;

KM or] a epcoTfo, rov Kacriyvr)Tov rt (pjii,V^ovTOS, ^ fieWovTos ; elSivai diXw.

HAEKTPA

(jytjaip ye' dffKa>v 8' ovBev wv Xeyei iroiel.

34 200KAEUT2, li'XOPOS ; ,: -M^

Bapaei' ireVKev iaffXht, mcrr apKeiv ^IXoi'i.

^'^^'""" HAEKTPA

TTerrroiffjLeireijTaT) ov fiaKpav etfov ev opwTrjv err]v onaifiov, e Trarpbi; tuvtov ^vcnv,

"K-pva-oOe/iiv, ex re /MTjTpoi, evrax^'ia ')(epolv

epov(^av, ola rot? Kara) vofii^erai,

XPTSOGEMIS

riy av aii Trjvhe tt/jo? dvpwvo

337] HAEKTPA.eX6ov

36 20'

(if nothing more). Toiavra iroieidXXd (Ti) (or ffiye) would be goodGreek for 'thus do thou at anyrate' (since others have not). Butit could not mean ' Come, thus dothou also.'

338 ri (KV SCKaiov.] ' The ri^Aicourse is not as I counsel, but asyou have chosen.' There is an an-tithesis between rb SUaioyduty,with its inconveniencesand i\ev8e-pla, the advantage secured by respe

3S6] . / HAEKTPA. .eireiiO e\oO 76 darep, r\ ^poveiv Katew';, 'jj TWi' t\a)v ^povovaa /jltj p,vrip/rjv e^etvijTi? \e76t? /iei aprto^ mi, el \o/Sof? -irdivoi, TO Tovrwv fwroi iKSei^eia, olS', eTrapmrnrrwi S ifioLXvTrm Sk ToiiTov37

345

JSO

35S

345

364. The connexion ofideasin this passage is as follows :' Vouforget your duty to Agamemnon,and take your cue from Clytaemne-stra. Very well: you must chooseonce for all (iXoC ye) between goodpolicy and good feeling. You can-not combine them here, as you try todo by saying that you would shewyour hatred of the murderers ifyoucould, &c. Is not the insincerity ofthese professions seen from the ar-gument by which you try to divertmy purpose ? For you pretend thatI shall be a gainer by leaving offgrief : now you know very well thatI should be nothing of the kind.What do I care for such pleasuresas you secure, in comparison withthe happiness of obeying my ownsense of right ?'

345 ihrciTa.] That being the case:cf Eur. Ale. 822, B. yvv>\ fiiv oiv6\(i)\ev 'AS/ifrov, (ive.HP. rl ipjis;ftreiTO S^Tct /i JlsKifsTS

;

IXoiJ ye.] 'Just choose' ^ Torhitherto you have taken no line ofyour ownoiSh ix aavr^ \iyeii.

346 TcSv i|>C\a>v

38 SO^OKAEOTS [357av 8' ^filv i; fiiaoiKta /ittrets fiev Xo^w,

ep

38s] HAEKTPA. 3^T&v Trjcrhe fivOmv ovh' av i/ivqaOi^v irore,el /ii) KUKov fieyiarov eh avrrjv idyrjKova , o ravTTjv Taji/ /jt,aKpwv a'xfjaei yocov. 375

HAEKTPA

^ep elire Srj to 6eiv6v. el yap.TWvBij ^01,uei^ov Ti Xe^fit?, ovK av avreliroifi en,

XPTSOeEMIS

a\A, e^epw toi trav ocrov Karoio eym.fieWovai yap a, el TwvBe (ifj Xi^^et? yocov,ivravda irefi'^eiv evfiiradovaa fieij,yjrr]. vvv yap ev^aXut ^povelv."'

^, ,HAEKTPA

rj ravra Brj fie ical ^e^ovKevvrai Troielv; 385

ing common cause with thehorus /jf^Tiyrc-Tpiceun,who administeredjl, ^-. /'SSi ifi

4b tO^OKAKOTZ L3^oXPTSOeBMIS

fitzKia-ff' 'orav irep oXicaK Aiyia-doii fiokg.

HAEKTPA

aX\' i^iKoiTO iToyBi y ovveK'j, iv rdxei. "

XPTSOeEMIS

TtV, eS raXaiva, rovS" iirrjpaa-coXdyov;

HAEKTPA

iXOetv eKetvov, el ti TwvSe Bpav voel.

,y 'H "''^^ .xp;r^eBMis^

oTTWfi. 7rd0T)i Ti XPVf^"' 5 "''''' ""''''"' " pevwv ; 39^

HAEKTPi^

Sttoj? a^' v/Mwv Koi!vTu: 5' iii.ol. Biov is op-teach, I have scarcely to learn that.

'

posed to the idea of iKiyaescapeCf. V. 787. by death.390 irou ijipEVuv.] Cf. V. 404: 393 a'a-TC 6av|i.d[(rai.] One would

0. C. 170, Trot TI! tppoyrldos (XSjj ; rather have expedled Bav/iaiTd^vai

:

Ant. 42, iroO yv^jofi ttot et; Aesch. but cf. Thuc. I. 138, iiSXKov iripovum. 289, TO x"'/)*'" M^ lidffovd' d|tos 6avfui

402] HAEKTPA. 41

HAEKTPAfiri IJ^ eKSiSaa-Ks) rot? ^lXoiXPrSOGEMIS"f

a\\' ov SiSaa-KCo- Toh Kparovat S" elicaOeip.

av ravra Omrev. ovtc e/uow? rpcnrovv Xeyet?.

XPT209BMI2KoXov ye fievrot firj

'f a^ovXia

>i

42 20*0KAE0TS [403HAEKTPA

ov S^TO. /iJj TTft) I'D!) rocrovS' eirjv Kevrj,

-fl, . ! XPTSOGBMIS"

'^copi^aofial jmp ohrep i,

-

'

i/c^Tov (blXwv TreiaOeiaa ; t

4I7J HAEKTPA. 43HAEKTPA , ,

w 6eoi irarpuot, a-vyyevea&e j dWct twv.XPXSOeEM^S

^X^" TJ 6dpa-o

44 SOOKAEOTSTov aov Tfi KOHLOv Sei^epav ofiiXiav

eX^oiffag^^ m

SXaareiv ppvovrct 0aXK,bv, a KarderKiov >-

Trdcrav >yvea-6aif, i~^v Mvi(7jmlayv06va.Toiavra rov irapovTo^.rjvi)^ 'HXimheiKVVcrt Towap,(^(cK,vm i^wyomievou-

[418

420

,}-\:^-t-V^

42 s

beneficentandovershadowinggrowthfrom the tree which men believedto have virithered.

418 6|ii\(av.] Cf. Eur. Ale. 609,&v5pwp 0paiwv evfievijs 'jrapovffia-=dvdpes ^eptuoi evfievSis irapovrfs.^22 ^...yevia-SoLi.] Cf. Herod. VI.

117, dvSpa ol Soxieiv oirWrip' Ami-(TTrjvai ii4yav, toC t6 yivaov tV ir-vLSa xaffov aKi&^eiv: Thuc. I. 91,S^acraVj Stra /ier' iKclvw jSovXeue-ffBaL, ovdevds varepoL yvthprQ ^pavijvai

:

II. lOI, \4yeTai 8^ koI 'kXKpi.alun't,Sre dij &\dff0ai avrSff tov 'ATTtiXXwj(pr!

435] HAEKTPA.7r\ewB Be tovtwv ov KOTOiZa, irKriv JJrtTre/nfei fju eKeivq roiihe tov ^o^ov yapiv.jrp6

46 20a)0KAE0TSKpv-4p^i;ib. d^li dW hv Trlihd.% GT'i]

45 1] HAEKTPA. 47KT;\tSa? i^i/Ma^ev. apa firj SoKei

48 20*0KAE0TS [452Kai L,u>^a rovLLov ov ^\toat9 rja-Krjfiej/ov.

TaLTOV Sk 'TrppoThTvovaa yrjdev evfjievrj

>

jj/oiti' apcoyov hiiTov eU e-)(6pov'i jxoKelv,KoX iraiS' 'OpeaTTjv i^ virepTipa'S'xepoi 455i'XPpoiaip avTOv fcSi/r iTreuB^yat, iroSl,OTTO)? TO AotTTOv uvTOv afpvetmepai'i

Xepcn aTS^wfiev fj ravvv Stopovfieda. ^oifiai /juev ow, oifiai ri Kcuceivm /leXov Mf.

irefi\^at toS' aOr^ hvairpoaoirx oveipara. 460_p/itQ)s o , aoe\'iyoi', see Eur. Tro.close behind, Polyb. in. 6*. i. 470, S/uas 8' ^ej tl axvi^a (tocXiiir-456 ovToii.] 'A70/*^/iMi'os, oppos- new ffeoiSs. And so Schol. oix Ix^i,

ed to iroiSa. \6yov ri ^tXcyet/ccii'. Schneidewin, :459 |Uv ow v.] The particles have rb Ukiuov oix x X^tok, ' Duty

here their separate force not their affords no ground countenancescompound force of 'nay, rather." no reasonfor two people quar-'' Now (ahi) I think {otnat fUv) that relling.' A scholium notices this-he has helped us of his own accord version as an alternative : ij t6 oixalready; but still {Siuas Si v. 461) go ?x" ^h'" dirrl toS- oS irapixa vpb-and pray for his help.' (paaiv. But ?x>' ^'h"'" usually has

KdKcCvcj).] Agamemnon loo. He, one of two meanings : i. to beas well as his friends on earth, takes right or reasonable: i. to take ac-an interest in the cause. count of: e.g. Eur. Al. 51, ixia \6-

ixfilov.] Sc. ^f. yov Sii K(d vpoeufdav aiScv.461 o|s 8^.] But (though I have

.^67 Swiv.] For the dative de-

472] HAEKTPA.ineigcofiiurj Be rwvBe twv epycov ifiolaiyr} irap vfi&v ttoos demv eara, dtlXai'(B? et Tao i] reKOvaa irevaerai, iriicpaiclBoKto /Me irelpay TrjvBe TokfirjaeiiV en.

XOPOS

., .^(

50 SO*OKAEOTSKetrirojieva aotfya^,elaiv a irpo/iajnKAixa, ZUaia (jyepofieva %epoM/ Kparrj' }^iliereicriv, to re/cvov, ov /iUKpov ^(pQvov.

aomrypotv KKvovaav ' " sldprlcof oveipdray. /r^ov yap iroT ajwcUnei 7' ipnei pte had preceded

:

cf. Aesch. Pert, 913, "Kikuriu ydpipMV yvluii juip,7}

IT^vS' ii\iKliB> in-

Sovt' ia-Twn: Eur. Med. 810, trol Si(niyyviip.tl \iyeai | rdS' iirH, /iij irdff-Xovaav, ui; iyuj, KaKutS.

485 ovS* l vnXaia.] 'Nor un-mindfiil, under the rust of years, iithe two-edged blade of brass thatdealt the blow.' The very axe

06-vtos viKcKvs, V. 99with which thebase blow was struck, nourishes agrudge against the masters who setit such a task, and broods sullenlyin its forgotten hiding-place, readyat any moment to bear damning wit-ness. To appreciate the full force ofthe words, it is necessary to rememberan Athenian custom. In the courtcalled ri lirl Tlptiravelip inanimateobjedls which had caused death werebrought to a formal trial. The fatalpiece of stone, or wood, or iron wasarraigned, sentenced, and, accordingto Draconian law, cast beyond theboundaries {{iwepoptj^eadai) in the pre-sence of the ipxuv paaiXeis andthe 0vXoj8a(riXe(s. To us, the per-sonification of the spiteful axe mightseem too grotesque for tragedy, andmore in the quaint manner of a Ger-

497] HAEKTPA.a viv KaTeire^vev al(T-)(j,aTaieiv.

^1 n.] ' It possesses me, that...;'i.e. 'I feel sure that...' The con-jedlure jrpdTiScS'^/jus/i'^x" isworth-less. But the first /tijirore is doubtful.

496 |i't]iroTC, k.t.JL] ' That never,to our discomfiture (^pHv dat. incom-modi), D-2ver will this portent comeharmless to the murderer and hisaccomplice.'

497 ailrcY^s.] Without causingthem to complain of it to rueit. C liipupeirdM, used of strong

42

52 SO*OKAEOT2 [499Tots hpw(Ti Koi avvBpwaiv. rj rot /iavTelai ^poriiipovK elcrlv ev 8eivol'-TiffTos, unless it mean that on whichthe shadow of thought^of solicitudehas not fallen.'

ircXav-] Attic future of TrcXofu

:

thrice in Soph.:i. Here. 2. doubt-ful in /%//. 1 149, vyf fi' oiKtr' dr'aiXluv

ITreXore : ' no more will ye

(Biipia) draw me after you (ireXoretransitive) in your flight' 3. O. C.1060 (o7/ia(...Ti^x' ip^pi^ftv pof) ij TTouTov itpetrirGpop (x^pov) ... TreXwcrt

cleaily a future, as in the other twoplaces.

498 TOis Spun KaV o-uvSpuiriv.]{.AAegisthusandClytaemnestra; forplur., cf. V. 146, note. Dindorf un-derstands these words of the aven-gers, and therefore condemns dtj/eyii(though he retains it in the text), asunsuitable. He prefers a^ecpis, 'un-heeded :' see v. 497, nole. But forBpav of crime, see AeSch. CAo. 305,SpdffavTi iraSeTy, | rpiyepav pSiBosrdSe ^wva: Eur. Andr. 336, koX av-

fiiTTi trroS-if. Cf. Aesch, P. V. 190,

ioruScs.

504

520] HAEKTPA. 53510

tMpoppiyof eKpKpffei^,ov ri TTft)

eXiTrev e/c ToiJS' oe/;oithe wish' &c The particles S' ovvare used in resuming the main threadof a discourse after a parenthesis.Thus in Ag: 199 (just quoted), afterpausing on the father's doubt andsorrow, the narrative proceedsSrXa8' ovv dvTTJp yeviuBat. Similarly tl16' ovv carries the mind back to somejformer hypothesis which has beenfor a time dropped : here, to Cly-'taemnestra's words at v. 537. Com-pare Aesch.Ag. 1009, ei S' ovv dvdyxrirfjaS ivippiToi tb'x'?s : (' liberty is al-ways better than slavery,') but if thedoom of a slave's lot should fall onanyone,' it is well to have good mas-ters : where 8' ovv brings back themind to the faft which suggested thewhole speech, viz. that Cassandra isa slave.

Kal t4

6o S0*0KAE0T2 [S88iraripa tov d/ibv irp6ixOpoK yafieia-0M t^? dvyarpm ovveKa.dW' ov ryap ovSe vovderelv e^eari ae^ 595^ -Kacrav m?S yXaxTtrav oS? t^v firirepa

luted murderer.' Cf. Track. 1197,^ovia, yeveadai Kcd iraKaiwaiov aiOev,iraXaiiii = a deed of violence: PMl.x2o6, ^e^eiv TroKdfiav '. Aesch. SuppU845, dXa/ievai iraXa^uais. (The verbva\aiM(T$ai, however, involves theidea of fraud rather than of violence

:

Ar. AcA. 659, irpo! ToSha WKiuip Kalira\aiJi.d

6o9j HAEKTPA.

KaKoaTO/jMVfiev. xal a 670)76 BeairoTivTJ fir)Tep ovK eXaaaov eh rjiJLa^ vefiat,7] f61

600

60s

^

barbarismos aut reliquisse aut intu-lisse. Attici dicebant rldrini, t/9jjs,Tldr]ere fUiVTiv fprip,ov,iire XPV ^

62 20*OKAEOT2XOPOS

opw fiho

633] HAEKTPA. 63epy i^avar/KCL^ei fie ravra Bpav ^ia. 620altrxpoK yap alcr'xph Trpwyfiar iKBiBda/ceTai,.

KATTAIMNH2TPA

HAEKTPA

mi roi Xeyet? viv, ovk iyoi- av yap iroiehTovpyov' TO, 8' epya tow? Xoyovi evpia-Kerai. 625

KATTAIMNHSTPA

aW' ov fid TrjV Siavoipav "Apre/xiv Opda-oviTov8' OVK dXv^ei'}, evT dv AXyiv

64

r^

20*OKAEOT2KATTAIMNHSTPA

eTraipe 817 aij 0vfj^a9' r) .Kaoovaa /not

Trdr/K^pir, avaKTi to)S' 'o'frSi^'Kvrr)piov(3s.] With oVoxTu'Joi.Cf. V. 424, note.

644 T^P-] Cf. V. 32, note.645 Si

66i] ^ ' HAEKTPA. 6561 fiev Tre^rjvev iadXa, So? TeXea'

66 20*0KAE0TSX0P02 r

raS" iffTiv, m ^ev. avrbi: yKaaas KoKm.

\K nAiAAroroz

^ Kcti Bdfiapra rr)vS eireiKo^mv Kvp&

Kelvov; irpeirei, yap a? ripavvoi europav.

XOPOZ

fioKiara rrdvTcov' ijSe vol Keuirj frapa.AHAiAArnrosw V'^'^p't oviKraa. aol ^epoav rjKm \oyov

68o] HAEKTPA. &jnAiAArnros

TiQvrjK 'Ope(rTT]/u>ew \6yms.Schneidewin thinks xai irp6aTOv 'AttikiSs. Cf. v. 1477.that there is a double entendrean 677 dira>\o|iiT|V.] Cf. v. 688, note.allusion to the phrase awnBivM Xd- 678 rd aravrijs.] t6 iavToS rpdr-yoy, to ma^e up a story; e.g. Ar. ruv is opposed to a-oXXi irpaTTuv:/!a>i.iOi2, oiK Svra \6yov TovTov (vr- e.g.Keroa. V. 33, oi ^pyf]s. H jroXXd wp^rreis

;

Tovs \6yovs. But surely there would Plat.^^. p. 433 A, fi to a&rov irpar-be something almost comic in so rfiv koX nil woXurpayuoveiv Stxcu-poor and impudent a pun at a mo- oavyr/ i/rrl.Lat. tuas res age.ment so critical. 680 Kal...KaC.] i.e. aairep iirefi-

675 TauTijs.] oStos used with a triiiipi, ovtus koX ippasu : cf. Trach.demonstrative force instead of fSe 626, MuTaiiol re Kal ippaau treiru-has generally a rather contemptuous

68 20*OKAEOT2,Atetvos 700 iXdwv ii ro icKeivbv 'EWaSo?ifpoa-'vrjfi dywvoSpo/iov S' iawaa^ TdLuoi

68^

ed. But the true reading probablyis Koivif T ftrXeuiro del ri /i ai KoivyBave'ai.

681 7clp.] Cf. V. 33, note.'EXXaSos irp&rxill* oywvos.] ' The

renowned festival, the ^ pride ofGreece :' ='B\XaSos npoax- dyavi^OTiKov, 'the pride of Greece, con-sisting in a contest.' In most in-stances of a double genitive, the firstrefers to the agent, the second to theobjedt of his ajftion : e.g. Plat. Sep.p. 329 B, ras TfS]/ oUeUav TrpoynjKa-Klaeis ToO ylipun, the contumelioustreatment, by relatives, 0/ the old.Cf. V. 1390.

68^ irpocrxTllio.] StridMy thatwhich Hellas Jiuts forward as herchief ornamentthat on which sheplaces foremost reliance as a claim toadmirationher boast and glory.vpiaxnpa, 'that which is held beforeone,' hence : (i) That which is putforward to screen a faulta pretext:Thuc. III. 82, t6 ffiS^pov Tov indv-dpov Tp6v ipJ re Kal Tovrovi, Ar. g. ii9):in a diariot-race, a^ccris or /(rjrX7j|.

Brunck interprets thephrase strange-ly. There is an epigram by Antipa-ter of Sidon (flor. circ. 100 B.C.), inwhich he says of the athlete Arias,ij yd.p iij^ iffir\'/iytay ij ripparos eld^Tis aKpov

IijtdeoVj pi4

694] HAEKTPA. 69j^ftrtro)? /j,ev ev TroWola-i iravpd aoi Xiyo),OVK 018a ToiovS' avSpoi; epya Koi Kparrj,iv S" ccrd'' oacdv yap ela-eicjpv^av I3pa^rj

70 204)0KAE0TS'A'ya/ii/ivovo^^-'^*'

K.aKelvo'i iv rovTOim @eo"aTavTei; S' to^'t avToi)? oi Terarfuevoi j3pa^ii(;

(as in PAtl. 943, tou Zijras 'SpaK\kovsis the gen. of A Zijkos 'Hpo/cX^s :)

but not 'Opiarris toS 'Ayaiiitwoms.697 pXdirrn.] 'When the hand

of a god arresp.' /S-Xotttw, con-ne(fled with AAB, Xa/ipdva, pro-perly=' to lay hold upon:' henceto retard, impede: e.g: II. VT. 33, fir-trta t^dp oi &Tvl^fiV(a iredLoio, \ 6tv nil na-66vTOi KoX i yvpj>a Kfijirris dvti^ | ^; i^aCi'^(6pe(, irSs S' JTrXioi' iiruTTdrris.

705 Md7Vi)$.] Magnesia was thenarrow strip of territory between Pe-lion and Ossa on the W. and the seaon the E., the Peneius on the N.and the Pagasean gulf on the S.

706 Aividv.] The mountainousdistri(t called Olrata, lyipg aboutM. Oeta in the upper valley of theSpercheius was the home of severalpredatory tribesamong others, ofthe Alviaves, called 'EnTJves by Ho-mer (H. II. 749). Herod, (vii. 132)describes them as of Hellenic de-scent, and as having been includedin an early Amphi(ftyonic league.

708 (JXXos.] ' Besides.' Cf. Aesch.Tied. 481, Tircprm aXXos : Od. VI.84, &im T^ye (with their mistressPenelope) Kal dn^iToKm kIov dWai.

lKirXi)p

7^^ c^/^

HAEKTPA.KXrjpov? e-Trrfkav koI Kareavrjaav SJ^pov;,-vaXKni; viral aaKiTir/'^o'; vPaV oi S' S,ua

KTVTOV KpOTTjTWV dpfMTCOVQfiov hh iravre^ ava/ie/jLiyfieyoi

?iSovTO Kevrpav ovSev, ws virep^dXqi i-'"^y(v6a may correspond to simttl in thesense of ' additionally, among otherthings,' (e.g. O. T. 27): but not asmeaning 'at the same instant.'

714 Kporrp'iiv.] 'Welded.' Theepithet assists ktvwov, by suggestingthe jangling of a metallic framework.Cf. //. IV. 366, dippjiai KoWrfrotvi

:

Eur. Phoen. 2, Kid xputroxaXXiirounvdp^cpiis Slippois. Dindorf, Brunck,Schneidewin, and Liddell and Scottunderstand 'chariots rattled along,'erepitantes. It is true that Kporeuand KpoToXifw are used by Homer of

the horses rattling along the chariotbehind them: //. XV. 453, kcIv' S^foKporiovres : II. XI. 161, ftcix' tyxf"-icpoToXifoi'. The supporters of thisview might also have quoted Ar.Eq. 552, xaXKoxp^TUi' hritwi KTiiroi.But, according to analogy, the ver-bal KpoTrp-6s should represent Kexpo-rripivoi rather than Kporoipevos.

716 as.] 'Whenever:' cf. Herod.VII. 119, Cis Si delirvov ykvotTO (tf/ji?,ol piv ijiistKOV irbvov: and 1. 17,

.y72 j;^^SO*OKAEOT2>v

^eypiHTTT del avpiyya, Be^iov t aveit-

ffeipaiov iirirov elpye rov nrpoaKeifievoii^'^^'^

Kal irpXv /lev cpOol vavTepoi'

eireiTa S' Alvidvo'; dvSpo^ doTOfioi"^^^^l^"

7rai\oi ^ia^epovaiv, eK S' viroarpoififji ^

TeXovvref cktov e^So/iov t rjSr) hpofiov

J-'-

[721

72s

the post. For airos, cf. //. XIII.615, iJTOi, 6 fiiv KopvBos (j>d\ov fjkaaeviKTodaaelris \ axpov, inri \6ipov av-Tov : Thuc. II. 3, ^uXa'foKTes triv'vKTa KoX airo to ireplopBpov.

Br\(tTT|v.] 'At the end of thecourse'furthest from the Sipeins.Dindorf :'de plurihus quae in hip-podrome sunt columnis extrema.'These words would apply to theRoman Circus, in which, upon thewall called spina between the meta^,were four columnstw supportingthe seven

^^%Jf'^ HAEKTPA.ixermira

A,-

74 SOpKAEO,T2o^w St' mTav KeXaSov ivireiffapiov'eireiTa Xvmv rjvlav apurrepavKa/j/TTfovTOi IvTTOuXavOqvet, o-TiyXijv UKpav i^jraduav eQpavcre^' a^ov^_jiajis^j)QJioas, ^^T^ af dvTvrypv wXiade- avv 8' iXiaffeTai-^ ' '"^*-^

'

ft' W^i/TOt? ifiacrt Tov 06 irtiTTOVTO^ Treoo)A irwKoi SieoTraprjaav i[737

740

745

7to be rendered deficientto be sur-passed, or to become a failure. See,however, Eur. i, 609, was dp^pt]-

ofifi viv eKTreTTTfOKOTa

\,vte ' TOP ^eg,vU

res] HAEKTP

hi^payv, dvd>\d.

ot, epya oop.

(bopovaevot^P^ oiia^^ okKbr ovpavm > ^aKeMj vpoaxuvtoy, eirre viv oitppriXoTaj,,fioKt760

765

to the educated class, uoipol ; x&vo-rav i Xa/3/D6s (rTpwris, | xiStok woKivol

r6 20*OKAEOTS E766KATTAIMNHSTPA

m Zev, tI ravra, iroTspov evTvxV ^eryci,

1) Beiva fiev, Kephj} M ; . Xvirripwi 8' ej^et,ei TOW e/iavTrjif tov ^iov aw^io kukois.

nAIAATfirOS

ri S' (5S' dOv^eK, w '^vvai, t^ wv \o7g)

;

KATTAIMNHSTPA

Seivov TO TiKTetv icrrlv oOfie yap kukwy, Trdcryovn fiio'O'i wv reKy vpoayir/verai.

HAiAAraros

fiarrjv ap rifiel

789] HAEKTPA.aire^evovTO' Kai fi, iirel rnaBe ')(6ov6(Se^Xdev, omir elBev' iyxakwy ^7^^ rjfjuepqM

ifi6_areya^eiv jJSw, dW' p irpoa'Ta,Twv'^^ '

Xpovoi; Sirjyi fi alev ws davovpAvqv.vvv S'

rjliepa yap ryB' aTrrjKKa^fjiM ^o^oviTOS TTJaB' eKelvov ff' ijBe yap fiei^ioy fiXa^t]^vvoiKOi rjv /Ml, Tov/Jbbv iie-Trii^aideV

yjrvxV'' oKpaTov atfiavw B' SKTjXa irov '^"' ""Twv rrjaB' q/ireiKwv ovvey^ ^epevao/iev.

HAEKTPA

o'i/juii ToXatva' vvv yap ol/jLW^ai irapajA^ yf^Opeara, Trjv afjv ^v/J.(f>opav, off cS8' e^wv

-v^-^

77

780

785

777 airE^evovTO.] 'was estrangedfrom me.' Cf. Eur. Hipp. 1085,oi% S^er airrov, S/uSes ; ovk iKoiere

|

rrdXai ^cvoSaBai rtaiSe irpoivviirm-rd lie ; i. e. ' that he is no longerson of mine.'

Kol |i.] Cf. V. 383, note.780 WOT ofire.] We should have

expefted ware fi'/rre. But uffre hereintroduces what is emphasized ratheras an Uidefendent fait than as aresult; and, though joined with theiniin., is virtually equivalent to diffrcwith the indie Cf. Dem. de F.Legat. p. 439, oCVw 5^ irlmovt nvdsiv Tg ToXa KoL SvaxepeU ivBp^TovseTvuL wffTC OVK alaxiveaBai. See Ap-pendix B in Mr Shilleto's edition ofthat speech, where, among others,this passage and the difficultone, Eur.Phoen. 1357, are referred to. Don-aldson's conjecture, vtn/os...i^ itiri-ya^ev ijSv! (which the cacophony ofvvKTos vnvos condemns), is improba-ble.

^1 i^|i^pas.] Interdiu. Cf. Od. zii,a86, Ik vvktSx 6' dve/toi xa^eTToJ,Si;Xij/uiTa vriuv,

Jylyvovrai. But ^1

iliipiis is W^PVi Herod. IX. 8, =ardie in diem.

781 o n'poa-TaTalv...6avov|ilvT|V.]

' The imminent hour kept me everin fear of death.' In stridl accu-racy, 5 rov irpoffTaTovvTos XP^^^(po^ot diijyi c, k.t.\. 6 irpo-araTtSi> xpovos, the time just in ad-vance of the present,the instantfuture. Elsewhere TrpoaraTeiv hasalways the sense of supervising orcontrolling.

782 Siivyi, K.T.X.] ' Kept me liv-ing,' &c. Cf. Dem. Cor. p. 155, 6 yapTore ivards irohefios iv irdffi rots KarhTov /Siov dipSovurripois koI evuvoriponhir/ayai ii/ids t^s vSv elp^viii : i. e.' caused you to live.'

784 otLXfuv pXdpi).] ' A worseplague. Cf. V. 301.

786 itKpaTov.] ' My sheer heart'sblood:' cf, Aesch. Cho. 571, it)bvou3' 'Epivis ovx iiteairavuTp.ivri { dxpa-TOK aXim wleriu, rpiriiv wiatv.

787 oiivcKa.] Cf. V. 387, note.788 olf|j,oi, TdXaiva.] For the nom.

with oljttof, cf. Fhil. 414, of/Mi riXos:Track. 982, of/tot kyii rXdiiov, etc.But also, V. 674, oi 'yti rdXaiva.

vvv,] Referring bitterly to Cly-taemnestra's emphatic use of theword, vv. 783o, vvv S', T)p.ipif yap,K.r.\.vvv 5'

78 SO*OKAEOT2

vp6i rr}

8o8] HAEKTPA. 79

,

KATTAIMNHSTPA

TToWwv av r}KoiHAEKTPA

ap vfiXv 0)9 aSiyovaa KOoSvvtofievTiBeivw BaKpvcrai KanriKCiJKVffai, Boxei 805rov Vfov t) Bvaryvoj^ wS" oKcoXora

;

/I / CatOC h'^:iehM. Hermann pointsBut, as regards grammar, iravaat out that iv may be easily and natu-would stand: for el with aor. indie. rally supplied from v. 799. As tomay be followed by &v with optat, Kara^las versus Kor' d^iav, Schae-when a past occurrence is represent- fer's argument from Sbphocles's al-ed as the condition of something still leged ' love ' for these adverbialpresent: Od.l.2s6, hrel off itc Savovri forms is not worth much: but thevep SS' iKaxotiiW) I ' A'"''' o^s ^o- MSS. seem to decide in favour of

poiai Sd/iri 'Spiiiav ivl 5i;/t(j): Thuc. II. (caTofius.60, ef /to( Kal fi

8oy ^ SOa>OKAEOT2 [809aTToaizaaa'; yap tj;? 6//.?^s oij(et ippevoai fjLou fjLOvai iraprjaav eXTriScov eri, 8 10

830] HAEKTPA, 8i

XOPOS

irov iTOTe Kepavvol Ato?, fj nrov (j)aedo3v "AXto?, el

ravT icbopwyTd 825

HAEKTPA

XOPOStu irat, TL SaKpiieif

;

HAEKTPA

82

aTToXet?.

jra}u.] Elmsley wishedto read Kard inov raKoiiivas, i.e.kaTaraKoii,has p,ov : but, as Her-mann says, iTrefiPdcrei would requirea dative, if Kara is not to govern thegenitive but is merely separatedfrom raffo/t^i'as by tmesis.

837 oI8a ydp, k. t. \.] The Cho-rus understand Ele(5tra's ti2v ^ave-pus olxoiiivm' ds 'AtSav with refer-ence to Agamemnon rather than toOrestes. ' You torture me,' Elec-tra says, 'by suggesting hopes inconnexion with one who is assuredlylost to me.' 'But,' the Chorusanswer, 'we know that Amphia-raus was Avenged.' Throughoutthese opening lines (823840) Elec-tra and her comforters are at crosspurposes. They are offering generalconsolations, derived from their faiththat Agamemnon will ultimately beavenged ; she understands them as

intending to throw doubt on the fadlof her brother's death.

'A|i4idpav.] When Amphiarausmarried Eriphyle, he bound himselfto abide by her decision in any ques-tion on which he should differ fromher brother Adrastus, his colleaguein the government of Argos. Bribedby Polynices with the necklace ofHarmonia, Eriphyle counselled herhusband to join the expedition ofthe Seven against Thebes. In theattack upon the city, Amphiarauswas hard pressed, and at lengthturned to flight by a Theban hero

:

but as pursuer and pursued drewnear to the banks of the river Isme-nius, the earth opened and swallow-ed up the Argive king (Kpv006>Ta).

XpwroS^TOis ipKco-i... yuvaiKuv.]' By reason of a womein's goldensnares.' For the causal dative, cf.V. 42, note. xpwiS. l/)ras, the neck-lace of Harmonia, daughter of Aresand Aphrodite, which was given toher on her wedding-day by her hus-band Cadmus. There was a legendthat this necklace, always banefulto its possessor, had at length beendedicated in the temple of AthenePronaea at Delphi (Apollod. Bib-lioth.). In Ipxeai there is the fiir-ther idea of toils, snares ; cf. Aesch.Ag. 1593, T^s AIkt]S in IpKcai : andso i,iupL^ri

849]Kol vvv VTTQ ya'tai;.

A If. J '6 e 10).

, ,is

-

Trn/xyuj^os avacraei.

HAEKTPA.

HAEKTPA

XOPOS

HAEKTPA

83

840

ev B!)T' oXoa jap

el dfit).

HAEKTPA

XOPOS84s

HAEKTPA ^

Old Old eqtavT] yap fieKerap afupi, rov ev irevaei' e/xoi oovTts ex eo-c/ os 70/0 er ^v, (ppovoot avapiraavevi.^

(rTpoi) P'.

XOPOS

^etXai'a heiXaLcov Kvpei

84 20*OKAEOT2 [8SO

iLLvvti} oeiveuv

HAEKTPA

Kdyo) ToDS" fO'TWP, inrepiaTcop,. 850irava-vfTM TrafifirjV^arvyvwv r a')(eo>v ai&yi.

etSofiev (afiprjveii;.

S0P02

HAEKTPA

irapar/ar/Xl'ii

firj fjie vvv fJ/rjKerir/ IV ov

V. 849. SeiKatd \\ SeT\aT[ ov, paeonquartus, iambus. This and v.853 are varieties of the dochmi-ac: cf. 205, 243, 244.

Vv. 857, 8. irapeiff\Xv tkT\W\\uveri

Iko5'otok|ui' || an iambic pen-

themimer, followed by half apentameter. This verse is call-ed an lanpiXeyos.

V. 859. eihraTpXSuv r | aptSydi cho-riambus, bacchius. Cf. w. 480,496.

8.) 9 SaXata SciXaCuv.] 'Unhap-py thou art, and hapless are thy for-tunes. ' Schneidewin strangely ren-ders, misera miserarum is, i. e. mi-serrima ; comparing ipptir ipp'/jruvreWffos, O. T. 465. But the epi-thet of the sufferer is often repeatedas the epithet of his suiTerings : e.^.Kur. Ion, 900, Iva ii,e X^en /ieX^avueX^ots

IefeiJfu rdf SOaravoy : Eur.

^ec. 84, 17| Tt /lAos yoepdv 7oe-90(1. For SeiXaios applied to thingsinstead of persons, of. Soph. Track.1022, SctXafa I'da'o! : 0. C. 514, t&sSfiXalas diropov tpaveitrai &\y'ij56vos.850 toTTup.] Fem., as Eur. /. T.

8SS

1431, ifidt Si rds tUvS' tuTopai fiou-Xeviidrum : Aesch. Ag: 647, Tiixv aa-riip : ib. no, x^P' rpdieropt : Eur.El. 991, nijAsiraTTJpas : Aesdi. Suppl,1042, $i\KTopi veiBoi.851 iravoTipTu.] Literally, swept ,

together from all sides : irdvavprosaldir, 'vita quasi ex malorum om-ni genere cumulata.' The notionis &at of a confused torrent

:

' in'

my life of troubles dread and dark, ,surging blindly through all the 'montl^-'Others, naaiSvprif.

852 ax^uv.] The MSS . and Sui-das s. V. tsTup, have vavaiprif ira/i-fv^if JToXXwi' I dcwiiy HTvyvmi t' d-Xiw. Hermann retained iroXXw,and substituted alunii, for i-ximi. Din-dorf ejefts itoKKOa, remarking withtruth that it seems tame after ira-avprrif Traiinipif. He observes thataliiv, which in the MSS. is some-times spelt iihv, may have droppedout of the text because the copyistssuspeAed the repetition of the threeletters in ix'^'^"^'^'- Since alwvi isthe most necessary word in the sen-tence, its disappearance from theMSS., which retain dx^tiy, needsto be accounted for. Dindorfs the-ory, while it helps to explain the dis-appearance of aluvi, supplies a strongargument for the genuineness of d^^-av. For dximii alavi, cf. v. 19, Sarpuvei^poini, and note.

853 dSpijveis.] So Dind, for dSpoeis, which does not suit v, 864,dtTKoiros d X(6j3a.

854 vCv.] Cf. v. 616, note.

871] HAEKTPA. 85

XOPOS

HAEKTPA ^^ /^

einraTpiBtov r apayal. \J' \j'

apti'yai.

XOPOSTTacrt dvaroK ecj)v /lopoi. 860

J I) J 1 J^ nABKTPA '

1) Kav 'XOMify^oi^ ev afiiXKaii

ol^TO)?, to? Keiva SvcrTavcp,

aa-KOVo^ a Kicpa. 7 7HAEKTPA -C

TTM? yap of/e ; et fei/os 005are/a eyMV %sp&v

XOPOSirairai.

HAEKTPA ' \v^K6Kvdev, ovre tov tu^ov avjiaxrwi''^^oiire yowp Trap rjfimv.

^870

XPTSOOEMIS_^^

i^ fihovrj's TOl, ^CKraTt], SiwKo/iai

859 cvirarpCSuv t'.] Hermann, 864 ao-KOiros] Not to be lookedBrunck, etc., tivarpiSav t, depend- for : hence ' inconceivably,' ' passingingdireiSlyond/Xiyyoi. Schneidewin, thought;' like d4>pa(rros, 'passingciiraTpiSSiv (omitting re)koivot. words.' Inv. 1315 io'(cojro = deXirra.eiiraTptSdv thus becoming a geriitive Cf. Track. 246, rhv daKoirov

J XP^"""in dependence on i\vlSuiv. Neither /Se/Sfis riv yuxcpSv dv^piSfwi/.of these readings appears so proba- 866 drep C|tdv X'P'i'V.] Cf. Verg.ble as Dindorfs eiiraTplSavT, agree- Am. IX. 486, nee te tua funere matering with AiriSwy. Cf. v. 162. Produxi pressive oculos aut volHera

863 iXKots.] 'The reins that lavi.dragged him.' Thuc. uses oX/coi of 8711057. ^fc?- Chrysothe-machines for the transport of ships Mis. Chrys. I have hastened toby land: m. 15, b\Koii% irapeffKii- bring you -my joyful news: Orestesa^v riSv veiSp iv rif Mfiif. Her- is with us : I have just found a lockmann understands siilcos rotarum of his hair at the grave.

El. Myarenas impressos. poor sister, Orestes is dead : what

c^Kvpcrai.] Sc. jxipatpLbv can, you found must have been left therefrom l4>v u,6pos in v. 860. as a memorial of him. But there is

86>

6 ^y 204>OKAEOT>;TO Koa-jMov fiedeiaa aiiv tar^u fioKeiv.(pepm ' iiSovTJs, K.T.X.] 'Byjoy,dear sister, I am sped.' Tot='youmust know,' can scarcely be trans-lated except by a slight emphasis onthe equivalent of i(p' TiSovris. It isperfe

838] HAEKTPA. Sj

j^ HAEKTPAaXX'

^ fiifirivas, m raXaiva, kottI rot?ijavTfj

88 SO^OKAEOTS 1889XPTSOeEMIS ^

TTpo? vvv dewv aKovo'ov, (us fiaOovaa jmov

'CO 'Kot^irov fj

90S] HAEKTPA.^^^^ 89WT) irov TK Wi-v 67711? eyxpiiJLjrpjppoTWV.to? 8' iv ^XnvvTrdvT eheoKOfirw tottov,TVfJL^ov "Kp^melpirov aaq-oV ivj(i^rfi S' opw '^ 9^0TTVpaf vecoprj ^6(JTpv')(pv TeTfj/rj/jAyov'

Kevdi/f Tokaiv to? elhbv, ifiiralei ri ftot

irdvTwv 'Opiarov roOd' opav reK/iijpioVKoi, p^epo-i ^aa-Taaaaa Sva-^rj/iw fiev ov, 9OS

898 'yxP'H''''"ni]- ' ^e^t anyonebe close upon me:' /tr; iyxP^iiVTei,'to see whether some one is notclose upon me.' The conjunftivegives greater prominence to the no-tion of cautious fear, and seemstherefore more suitable in this place.The indicative might, however, besupported from Eur. Phoen. 92, |Trpofilepewijffw aH^ov, \ //.^ Tis iro\t-TiSv iv Tpipifi ^avrdierai. Cf. v. 58 1,noie.

899 Iv yoXtivij.] Sc. 6vTa. Thisomission of the participle is peculi-arly bold. Cf. V. 313, dypoU ruy-Xd>'et, and note.

901 irupas>] Interment seems tohave been ,the rule in historicaltimes, cremation in the Homericage: though, at all periods, bothcustoms were undoubtedly in use.Cf. v. 58, ij>\oyurT&v ijSri Koi Karriv-dpaKiaiihov: v. 559, ffjroSoO, k.t.'K.The riiju/3os is called vvpA, becausethe body was usually burned at theplace of sepulture : cf. Ter. Andr. i.I. 100, sequimur: ad sepulcrum ve-nimus: in ignem imfosita est. Butthis was not always the case: seePlut. Tim. 39, from which it appearsthatTimoleon's corpse was not burn-ed at the grave. For tlje genitive,see V. 78, note.

p6

200KAE0T2 [906X'^Pf ^^ "iTifnfKrjfi eii6vJ. Tip yap irpoffijKei irXrjv 7' i/iov kol , andso is virtually the same as ovk iXdv-Bavev iv. But the simple imperfedtcould stand for the imperfeA with&p only in two cases : (i) in the apo-dosis of a conditional sentence,wherethere is a protasis precluding am-biguity, e.g. Dem. Phil. I. p. 9, elaTrairres iiiM>\oyoviiei>..,ovSij' dKKo ISei

923] HAEKTPA. gja\\' ea-T 'OpiffTov ravra TaTrirv/ji^ia. 915aXV, 3 ^iXr], Bapavve. rots avroiaj rotPov)(^ ayro? det Baifiovmv irapaffTaTei,. '

vaiv S' rjv ra irpoaOev o-Tfyw;' ?? Se vvv^ to-tu?

TToWffii' inrdp^ei icvpov vuepa kcCKwv.

^^ HAEKTPA

0ei) T)}? di'o/a?l (2? a eTroiKreipco iraXai. 920

XPTSOeEMIS

Tt S' eoTtj/ ; 01} Trpos i^Sov^p Xiyco rdSe

;

HAEKTPA

ovK oIcfS^ OTTOi 7^s ojJS" oTToi yvoofiT)'; ^epei.

XPTSOOEMIS

Xiyeui : (2) in a parenthesis whichdescribes what would certainly haveresulted from an adlion contemplatedor commenced, but not completed

:

e.g. Thuc. VIII. 86, itpiowiAvuiv twviv 2dfi(j3 'Xdfjvaltav tKuv iirl (r(pS.sauToiJs

iv (f (Tatp^aTaTa ^luviav Kal*'E\\-^tT'jrovTOV ev&ds eXxov ol ttoX^-fuoi K

92 ZU^UKAKUTi, L924HAEKTPA

reOvrjKev, w raXaiva' raKeivov Be aoi 4/^ i2 ^(xonTrjpC eppei' firjBev it kAvov 7' opa.^""^^ / v 925

xPTSoeBwas

oili.01 ToKMva' TOW Tafi' riKovcrai^ ^porcov^r

HAEKTPA

Tou TrXrjcrLov TrapovTOl rji/lK wXXvto.

XPTSOeEMISKal irov 'o'Tiv ovto'! ; daviia roi a uireovera

J*"

''HiAEKTPA '

Kar oiKov r]ov

948^ HAEKTPA. 93HAEKTPA

ovTco'; e%et a-oi ravr- iav Si fioi "TrWrj,TTJi vvp Trapovarj'j irrj/iovfji; Xuirets ^apof.

,.XPTSOGEMIS

> \ a ' 'J- "A^ ' / ,1] Tovi vavovTa! ovSev evTV)(2. 945

j/ XPT20eEMIS6jO(5. ^vvoiaio irav oaovirep av affevco.

HAEKTPA

Skovb hrj vvv y ^e^ovKevfjMi jroieiv."Trapovaiav fi'ev olcrOa Ka\ VTis.] ' You will relieve 755, ivHroiva S' iKrlvav \ T

94 20

9621 HAEKTPA.

-'%?.

Y^XovTov Trarpwov kti]:

KpvjTTeiv fi en.Troi ryap fievet^ pcifiwps_'e? Tiv iXviSeov

^Ti /iei/ arepeived-rep^fiiini,

irdpeaTt S' aX'^elv, e? Toaovhe rov 'x^povovoKeiCTpa j'^pqaKOVcrav awfievaid re.

)

95

960

with the ttor. 2 conj. a(ft., midd., orpass. :but not with the aor. i conj.cuH. or midd., the fut. indie, beingused instead. It is true that Siruswith aor. i aft. or midd. is very rare,and that in Attic the fut. indie, waspreferred. But Dawes's rule is brg-ken down by a few instances of 87ru5used with the aor. i adl. in caseswhere the aor. conj. and the futureindie, differ in form, and where,therefore, the alteration of et into J7by copyists is not an adequate ex-planation : e.g. Xen. Anab. v. 6. ^r,Siifuireis Tifiaaldjva Ke\evovfft trpoff-Tareitrat, Swas eiorXeiJffi) {h\itjiit., tK-irXeiaeTai) ij crrpnTid. Cf. V. 1122,Sttus

I fto T7Jdg'K\av, and note. InThuc. I. 73, 6'7raij /f)) ^ovKsmriaBeis the received reading. Brunck's^ soloece vulgo /caroKi'^fl'T/s' is there-fore too strong.

957 Al-yio-Sov.] Eledlra does notspeak of destroying Clytaemnestra ;and the poetical plural ixBpoU in v.970 does not prove that it was evenpart of her design. The generalscheme of the play required thatAegisthus should be placed in theforeground as chiefly criminal, andas the principal vidlim. In the ven-geance taken by Orestes, the fate ofAegisthus is the climax; the de-stru(lion of Clytaemnestra is littlemore than a irdpepyov.

(re...KpiiirTciv.] Cf. Aesch. P. V.643, n^oi lie Kpvt/qis TovB' Swep iii\-Xu iraffeiv: Plat. Zegg: 702 B, oi) yi,pairoxpiij/oiuii. aipd t6 vvv ifioi |i;ju;8at-VQV.

958 iroi Yap-] i.e. irmh tIv'iXwlSuivpKi^aaa p.ei>eTs /ifSv/ios

;

'to what quarterto what hope

can you look,' &c. Cf. v. 995, vo!

yap TtoT e/i/3Xt^a(ra, fc.T.X. V. 534,rov x^P^^rivuv^Bvasv avT-qv ;

Schol. Trot yhp fieveis' clvtI tov, rlva ' xpomv. But the only instancewhich seems to occur of ttoi in thesense oiguousque, is Ar. Lys. S26, xoiyap KoL jcfi^" dvaneivat ; Besides, theemphatic repetition, irotis rlvaiXirlSuv, appears better suited to theenergy of the appeal.

959 n-dparri.] 0pp. to p-eveis :'You have already to mourn,' &c.960 KTTJo-iv.] Depending on art-

vetv. The Greeks seem to have saidiTToffTepeiadaL tlvos of Ti, but onlyUTepeXaBaL nms. Schneidewln joinsKTTJ(Ti,v iaTefyr)p,ii>ri, quoting Eur.Tro. 375, oiyrji&pC iarocrTepoi/Mevoi.,K.T.X. : but usage seems to shewthat the simple verb was alwaysconstrued with a genitive.

961 ToO xP'^vou.] (To this ad-vanced time) of ^'/j)'i. 6 xpf"">^iyour allotted term of years: cf. An/.491, BavovfiivTj yd.p i^dij...el 6^ rovXpovov

IirpbaBev 6avovp.at., K^pdos

avT iyib X^7u : and in an analogoussense, ii. 681, el p,ii tQi xp^'V *'-KKip.iJi.eBa, i.e. our a(5lual age. Forother meanings of xp^""' with theai-ticle, cf. vv. 1464, i486.For thegenitive, cf. v. 14, note.

962 dIXEKTpa.] Cf. Thuc. vii. 29,^ovixis op, 01 a ToTs /idKurra rov ap-^apiKov.

-yilpdo-Kovirav.] Accus. beforethe infinitive dX7eo', whereas iffre-ptlpAv-Q depends direftly on irdp-ean. Cf. Eur. Med. 815, ad Siauyyvthtirj \iyeLV \ rdd' ijri, p.^ ird-axovaav uis iyii Kaxus : ib.ii'ii, 3i-SoKTai rovp^ov lis Tixwii /to' | Tal-5as KTavoiffiQ TTJaS' &^opfxda$aiXBovbs,

IKal p.T\ ffxo^^" li.yovirav

[96396 y SO*OKAEOT2Koi ^rwvSe fievTOi ixt^kst ektriar)'} oTraj?

-jfy rev^ei, ttot." ov yap mo apov\oi\ot,

970

975

iKSovmt riiaia: Xen. Anai. I. 2. i,%ail irapif^iCKe \ap6vTaToAs dvSpas. Aesch. P. V. 224, Kpi-Turra 87} ii.oi....ialveT elvai...irpoa^oviuu.UTi voins liiv'SpaKXris \ i/ibs KoKeTrai{fiiture). So Ti/tTJiro/iai, dSiKiiaopai,litfteX'^ffo/Mi, passim : Eur. Or. 440,\f'iios ol'fferoi : Hipp. 938, i^oyKdi-trerai ; Soph. J'Aii. 48, ipvXd^erai

arl^m : Aesch. Tkib. i8s, frj^ioi...PovXeiffeTcu : cf. v. 1249, \i;(rd/K-fOV.

972 TO XPT"'''-] 'An honeststock.' Cf. JPAil. 448, itai ttois t4fiiv wavoSpya Kal waKarrptpij

\ xo?-povff* dvairrpe^ovTes ^ Al^doif, rd d |Sulcata Koi rd xP'J'rr* d7roffre\Xoi/ir'def : Eur. Tro. 411, dTii/i) rd crepivi,KoX SoKTjfjLcuriv ffo^pd

IoiSiv ti xpelff'

ffoj TUP t6 fiifSiy ^v &pa. Cf. V. 1 507.975 diTTuv fj Jevuv.] The regu-

lar antithesis. Cf. Find. P. iv. 78,fetpos Ijov atr oards: Soph. 0. C. 13,fiavddveiv yap iJKOfiev

j^ei'oc Trpd;

dirruv. But the term dffTol, thepeople, is sometimes opposed to oidyadol, the nobles : e.g. Find. P.VII. 7r, TT/iavs dtrrots, oil 6meiavdyaBois, ^elvots Si 6avp,atrT6s irar^p.

976 Scguio-erai.] ' Greet.' Cf.Aesch. Ag. 825, deotn vprn-a Se^itli-irop.ai (where the dative represent;,the notion of rendering homagedue): Ar. Pint. 752, ol yap SUcauu....aiiTovii

^^'iK-^

988] HAEKTPA. 97oj Tov Trarpcpov oikov

^^^a and

av'yKap,ve Eledtra reminds Chryso-themis that the departed are theirallies and helpers; just as at v. 454she endeavours to quicken and ele-vate the faith of her less spiritualsister by bidding her /^-ay for theaid of the dead

ahoO Si vpoairlr-vovaa ^flffey cv/uv^ | ^/uv dpwybv ai-rbv ek ix^poii p,o\eXv.

98 20*0KAE0TS [9895571* aiff'Xfibv aia'X^pwv Tot? Ka\wt ireipVKoaiv.,

_XOPOS "^-^

iv Tot? ToiovTOii[ia-rlvj^^po/Ji^dia 990KM TO) XiyovTi Kai kKvovti ' v...a lfla6e, dite or benefit us.' This use ofeii^ax : cf. V. J257. \iu must not be confiised with the

^?ilU\ ,. HAEKTPA.^

/So^i; Koihyy- XajSovre BvaK\6w

IO(X.;#-

XO*OKAEOTS

M) aX)C avT6y(^ec{}i /j,oi

,

/movji re Spaariov p_f

Tovpyov. JOS'" oil yap Srj kevov y axftrjorofiev.

XPTSOeEMISAev'

"-n eiff S(j)eXei TOidSe rrjv lyvcofirjv/"TraTpoi;

6vr)aK0VTO'i\lvai' irav yap av^areipycurm.

HAEKTPA

aW' ^ '"'

i^y'^ '^;^ XPTSOeEMISet/co? 7a/) iyxeipovvra km vpaa-a-eiv icaKtu^.^

[1018

1020

1025

1018 din)YYC^^i|vO 'My over-tures.' ewnyyAXcirffof nvl n,^toplace something at a person's dispo-salalways ofspontaneous promises,while ivi-xyeitrBai is used of pledgesgiven under a compa(51. Cf. Herod.VI. 35,

I03S] HAEKTPA,c-f ' *V HAEKTPA^T]\

I02 SQOOKAEOT2, Liu^wXPTSOeEMIS

dri/Jyiai ixev oil, TrpofirjOla'; Se ffov.

HAEKTPA

T& (T& hiKalm SfJT itriaireaOai /le Set;

XPTSOeEMIS V.

oTov yap ev tftpov^i, rod' riyf\aei av vwv.

HAEKTPAtj'^etvoi/ ev Xeyovaavi i^a/jkaprdvecv.

eiprjieai opOw'ij-m aii irpoffKeurai KaK&. '^"

HAEKTPATt 8'; OX) Soicw (Toi Tavra triiv hiictj \eyew';

-

''"T^'' j''>"'''l XPTSOeEMIS

ahX evTiv evaa yrj OMrj fiXaprjv (pepet.

1040

^*

f) the proposal that she shouldshare Eleclra's dangers. See v. 1017,koKGiXt^^o' airopply\iovaav i,iti)y-ye\\6/iriv. i. e. ' You say that youdo not hate me so much as to betrayme. Let me remind you that atleast you have rejafledme in the cru-ellest and most slighting manner.'Another version is : ' Koiovir to whatdiscredit (v^fith posterity, for notavenging my father) you bring me(i. e. your advice tends to bring me).'I doubt whether dn/ila, without fur-ther explanation, could convey somuch. Hermann and other editorsplace a comma at erlara 7', under-standing exSatpov

1049] HAEKTPA. 103HAEKTPA

TOvroK iyoa ^rjv rot? v6/jlok ov ^ovKojiai.

XPTSOeEMIS. .f^

dlOC el TTOiTjaei'i tuvt, eirai,veaei,HAEKTPA

/ XPTSOeEMIS

^poveiv_ eoiKai ovBev mv iyw \e7(.

, / HAEKTPA

ira/Mt oeooKTai ravra kov jjeaxTTi /jloi.

I044ti iroiijcreis TovTa.] /^ voces in cod. D. concinnius quamhaecfacere: 'if you are to do these in aliis aiMv idToi.' The point isthings'^to execute your present scarcely worth discussing. But itpurpose : cf. v. 1057. The fiit. may be noticed that the order ofIndic. with A, implying 'conviftion words preferred by Brunck wouldthat she will adt thus, must not be exaggerate the emphasis upon oiiiv,confused with ^c irot,i\a^%. The main emphasis falls upon (x^ior.

1045 tal (Mjv.] Cf. V. S56, note. 1049 "

104 20*OKAEOTS [1050XPT20eEMIS

aveiui roivvv' oiire yap aii rati eirti 1050ToXu-q^ eiraiveiv ovt eym TOis trovi rponrov^.

HAEKTPA^

aW' eX(nff. oii aok, tifj fieOe^ofiai jrore,ovb ijv amoop i/ieipovtra Tvyvaia]xV Si Btipav ov wpiva rd;*^-X'K'o-

I0S7 pcpi^K^s.] Cf. V. 979, note.10581097. ardin/tov de&repov.

Cf. V. 472, note.Chor.Why do not such as Chty-

loS

9 iaopmixevoi ^fo^^K'^^eyoxi'i axf) &v re ^XdaTto-^^^^^^^^

1064].

^. _.^HAEKTPj^.

aiv aqt wv t bvcunv evpaai, rao ovk eir laai; rexovfiev

;

ical rav ovpaviav &e/j,iv,

^.'i.'ey^lyC^A/^.^,'^

sothemis learn piety from the birdsof the air? TAdr instin(5t is alwaysfaithful to parents ; and shall thedaughter forget what is due to herfather? But the guilty shall notlong be unpunished. Echoes ofearth among the dead, carry thisreproach to the careless Atreidae

:

tell them that now, if ever, theyshould help their house : tell themthat Eledlra, deserted by her sister,stands singlehanded against twomortal foes. When will a truerdaughter live? Thou, Ele r ov|a(ru' ei;

pQaWiTaS OVK \ eir wras | TeAou/t|ec II paeon tertius, epitritus se-cundus (Ionic) : anapaest, iambicpenthemimer.

V. 1063. a\\ ovITdv StSs Harp

\

ardv, spondee, choriambus, iam-bus. Glyconic verse : of. v. 120 2.V. 1064, the same.

V. 1065, SdpivIOVK S,woviJT\oi,

Glyconic verse. Conf. v. 1 2 1 , note.Vv. 1068, 9. OTTO ToFs ev\ip6 arptl-

Sats II S.x'ip^^'''\^ ^po''. Elsewhere opSjrBai, eltr-op&adat, etc., are always passive inAttic. In Homer they are alwaysdeponent. Aeschylus, indeed, oftenuses the middle voice where the ac-tive is usual: e. g. P. V. 43, BpTjvii-uBttx: Theb.^\o,'irpoi!TSKKerai.: Cho.144, ^^avSei/iCfos : Eum. 97, eK\d-werai : ib, 357, aiSSrai : ib. 339,fwevSo/ievai : jPers. 62, arivtrm :Suppl. 999, valeffSai. Cf. vv. 892,1 1 24.

1060 cti|>' iSv.] Sc, {rpo^s) Tov-Tbjv dtj}* iav, Cf. Au 1050, boKDVVT^ifioX, doKOvvra 5', os Kpatyei ffrpaTOV.

106

1

6Va

Saphv

SO^OKAEOTS1 / yAO^'J'X'aTTOvrjTOl. 1/-^- Jo

-)6s(70V OlKTOdy

,

q>epov(r ovetOT)- i

^

ta yOovia /Sporoiai

^Chjnaau^ BidiTa. tt/soSotos Se fiova (roKevei'HXegx/affl, frov del 7raTpo?t lO/SBetKa^affg^

r/

^-.. > .-'L

ovreri tov ffaveiv 7rbofj:/rjffr]v\oiris, k.t. X.] 'Dis-cordant strife suffers them no moreto blend in loving intercourse. ' oiK-4t' i^cffovTM,^' is no longer equal-ised,'

prevents harmony from be-ing any longer possible.

107s t6v dtC, K.T.X.] 'Eleflra,evermore (rdy del sc. xpfy"") i"wretchedness mourning foi her fa-ther [jraTpds ffTevdxovaa).' Thusthe Scholiast, followed by Hermann,explains the reading of the HSS.Herm. supports rbv del (for rdy delXpovov) by O. C. 1583, iKKeXoiiroraI

Keimv, T&v del, piorov i^eirlaraao.He might have added the doubtfulwords in Track. 80 (where Dindorfnow leaves asterisks), ^ tovtov &pasdSKov +eis t6v virrepovf | t6 \oi-viv ij'Sj; pioToi' eialwp' ix^'"-^o''Ttarphs (TTepdxovira, of. //. XXII. 424,Twi> irdvTiiiv S' 01) Toiraov oSipo/mi,dxviijv6t irep, \ rj ip6t.DindorfsTOV iav irorpjiv is a pure conje(5lure,resting solely on the ground that' plana et apta restituenda videtursententia.

'

1078 0VT6 Toi! SavCtv.-.lpiviJV.]' Not only improvident againstdeath, but ready to welcome itsgloom, when she shall have tri-umphed over the twofold curse.'

1079 ri jJii] pXfirsiv.] Cf. v.

1030, fiMKpds rd Kptvai, note.1080 8i8v|iav Ipivvv.] Aegisthus

and Clytaemnestra. Helen is calledby Aesch. {Ag. 726) vufup6K\avTosipaiit ; and by Verg. {Aen. II. 573)Troide etpatriae communis erinys.

1081^1089. Metres of the se-cond strophe :

V. 1082, ouSersI

TiJSv SyaBdv\

yap, Glyconic. Cf. v. 1065.V. 1083. JWk KaKJus ev^K\ei3,v | ar-

o'Xi'i'llai' 6i\\ei, trochaic trimetercatal.

V. 1084. vuvviiSs wIiraijraT, cho-

riambus, spondee.Vv. [085, 6. us KM

Iav jro7||KXai/-

TovalWuva \ koIvov \ er\ov, iambicdipodia : trochaic dipodia catal.:trochaic tripodia^

Vv. 1087, 8. rd iirj koXop, k. t. \.iambic tetrameter.

V, 1089. ffo(pd T [ apitrT\d \\ rejraTs

IKeKK^

ev evi

108 ^gO*OKAEOTSTO /n^ fKaXov KaaovKicraa-aTSvo (f)ipeivaodid T dplara t Trat? KSKKfjadai.

[1087Xi/yf^,

1090

eTre/ a ei^vprjica fiolpa fiev ovk ev ia0\d iA xaBowXt-aaaa proceed on a contrary assump-tion. Thus (i) Hermann:

' ar-

mans scelus, ut duplicem ferres lau-dem :' i. e. ' having organised a(pious) crime, so as to win twothings, &c. :' (2) DindorfandValck-nar, followed by Schneidewin andothers : ' having triumphed over

guilt {i.e. over Clyt. and Aegisth.)so as to win two things, &c.' Her-mann's version appears strained :DindorTs is surely inadmissible,since KafloirWfeiK could not meanKaTaTroKaiav. But, in fait, Eledliradid not seekdid not contrivetobe thought both cautious and dutiful.Throughout the play we are fre-quently reminded of the contrastbetween the heroine's uncalculatingself-sacrifice and her sister's timidprudence. Eleftra made her choiceonce for all : Chrysothemis waveredand temporized. See v. 345 (Eledlrato Chrys.), ?jret9' ^Xo5 76 S&rep^, ^(ppovSv Kaxus,

Irj tiSv ^IXuk {i.e.

iraTpos) (ppovovaa /if; lu^firp) ix.'^ai' choose between prudence and du-ty^you cannot combine them here :'and again, v. 1026, fijXiS ere tou vov,T?s S^ SeOdai ipovTa.

1692 OiroxEip.] Conjeiflured byMusgrave and Hermann(whoquotesiirlxap, Pollux, II. 148) for the vulg.viro x^P"! altered by Herm. to virdX'^PO" Cf. Eur. Andr. 735, tijxS'hr^XiKBtii) ffAu | o-TpoTi/XoT^o'O! yi-TtoxApuiv Xa/3v.

109s pE^uo-av.] Cf. v. 979, note.$. %\ ^vrta., K.T.X.] ' But, as

to the highest of existing ordinancesin-regard-to-these (Tui/Se) prosper-ing excellently well {(pepo/iiviui dpt-cTTo), through thy reverence forZeus. ' Outwardly, and in a worldly

..Mi

I099J HAEKTPA.apKTTa Ira Zi?j/o? evaepeia. ^ ^j

OPBSTHS HAEKTPA XOPOSOPESTHS

ap,

ft) yvvaiKet, 6p6d t elarjKovaafiev

J

op0oa l

^\J''^KJ XS-lX-JZlKJ ^

, ^

0PBSTH2A'tr^iadov .evd" mKrjKev' laTopw TraXai.

xopos^ UP p^^

OPESTHS

T pui/ av v/icSf ( T04? 'i(7oa)^pcuTeiev dvnuwv iroQeiwlv KOivmrow vapovaiav ;

' XOPOS^S', 6t Tov ar/')(iar6v ye Kijpvcrcreiv 'xpewv.

OPESTHS

id\ cS yvvai, Sr/Kcoaqv elcreX0oviiv KXutoi-livrjiTTpif KoL klyltrdif. This, and rbvdyxicTov in the next line, are in-stances of the dramatic elpuvela inwhich Sophocles excelled.

1105 TOV &y\irr6v ye.] ". e. roTttav, in the meaning of the Chorus,unconscious that Eledtra is ayxlarijto the new arrival. Compare Soph.

1100

1 105

^*- 743i where, with similar imcon-scious irony, the Chorus say ofAjax,oixerai (which means only 'he isgone out,' but is true in anothersense, ' he is dead"). And for inten-tional irony of the same kind, Aesch.Ag. 883, where Clytaenmestra invitesAgamemnon to enter the house:

-

eidii yeiiiaSii) Topipvpliirrpurros Tro/xn,^s SiSu'deXirTOP us&t> i^y^eu Attn;:i. e. ostensibly, 'to the home helittle hoped to see:' but with thesinister meaning,

'sucA a home ashe little thinks to find.' Cf. v. 735.

1 106 il6', (S Tvyu.] The disguisedOrestes addresses EleAra with smallceremony or courtesy

19', cJ yircu,S'/jXiiMTOv el

iii6] HAEKTPA. Ill

HAEKTPA

oXfxoi ToKaiv, ov hr) irsff ^'i ' TjKovcrafievlpi]fi/n-af/4. 874, TP. /3^;8ijKeA77cyci/oa...XO. of Si) Trod' uis^a-vovaa; So ou SjJ without irari, Phil.900, ou S^ ae Bvax^peia toO roir^/ta-TO!

ISireurev, il'ffTe...;

IIIO TIIV OIJV.] Cf. V. 1037,

nil 2Tp6lpOVTES.] 'Weconvey home :' ^fovm bringingthem to Mycenae: Ko/ill^s.] Cf.V. 1 1 78. Some editors read tout-'iKetv' ijSi) ffaiph

\ vp6xfipov, k.t.X.But tout' ixetvo, without anythingadded to soften its abruptness, is ahomely colloquialism : e. g. Ar. Av.354, tout' ixavo' wot ^&ya SiiffTjjKos;and so often in Aristophanes. Eu-ripides, indeed, once uses it, as heuses many .phrases which Sophocleswould not have admitted into tra-gedy: Or. 804, toiJt' ^/ceico" KT&a$'h'cUpovs, /ii) T(5 trvYyfh /livov.Cf.Tac. Ann. xiv. 22, hunc ilium nu-mine deum destinari credebant.

11 16 ox8os.] The urn carried byone ofthe attendants (v. 1 1 2 3). 6.x9o%,not with any notion of its beingheavy (Eledtra asks that it may be

112 2iO>UKAEUT2iOPESTHS

L"i7

e

TOl

'hrep Tt KXAeK r&u ^Opea-reuov icaK&v. j-00 ayyo? lavi awfia rovKecvov cre^ov. 9^

HAEKTPA

& ^etve, So? vw, irpbi 6ewv, e'lirep jpheKmeuOev avrbv revxcf, e? X^'pa? Xa^eiv,oTTft)? fiavTr]v Kai yevo9 to irav ofiov^iw T^Se KKavaia

,KdiroSvpaniai qyoSm.

^

1 120

OPESTHS, a^*"^ v^\'''

!'

II38J HAEKTPA,

ovx (ovtrep efeTre/iTTov e^eb^aariv.vvv fiev yap ovSev ovto, ^aarayu yepoZv

03? axpeXov irapoiaev eKMirew piov, w

irpi}/ e? ^iv7)v ae yaiav e/cTre/t'^atlj^epotJ'K\ey^a : so V7r6 \vpas, etc. But vVeXiriSaf, 'to the accompaniment of(one's own) hopes,' would be surelya strange phrase.

I tig Qao-Tdja).] Cf. v. 905, ttate.1 130 Xajiiirpjv.] 'A bright young

life.' Cf. Thuc. VI. 54, yetiop-ivovSi...iSpf'ij\iKlas\a/iwpov. Cf.v. 685,el(r^6e '\afiTp6s (Orestes at the Py-thian games)where the sense ismore general,'a brilliant form.'

1 1 33 K\6|/aira.] Nominative, as

referring to subjedt of iSipeKov. Cf.Eur. Phoen. 488, eJ^XSoK i%u> t^jS'ixiiv avros x^"'^' I '^'"' '"''''is &p-

Xew.KdvoTuo-airBai.] The word is

forcible, meaning properly to recoverwhat has a(5tually been lost : e. g.Herod. Iii. 65 (Cambyses exhortinghis Persians to retrieve the empirefrom the usurper Smerdis, a Mede),/i^l dvaaiixranivotai Si rijv dpx^I".liiiS' eirixap'ntra.at dvaaii^eiv, t4ivavrla tovtoisi dpio/mi ip.Xv yefi-aBai.

1134 fiir

114 J 201 1 39 XowTpots.j The first thingdone when a person died was to putan obol in the mouth, /wrBbv rlf iropB-fiet rrjs vavrMals yevriiT&iiiei/ov : thenext thing, to wash the corpse and layit out : Lucian wepi vhiBovi, c. 1 1

:

/tcTo toOto Sk Xoiaavres a&rois, li