Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004 Understanding disability Typology of approaches towards disability A...
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Transcript of Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004 Understanding disability Typology of approaches towards disability A...
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Understanding disability
•Typology of approaches towards disability
•A global approach : the handicap creation process
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Disability as Individual pathology
1) Biomedical Approach
2) Functional Approach
Disability as Social pathology
1) Environmental Approach
2) Human Rights Approach
Typology of approaches towards disability (Marcia Rioux, Roeher Institute, Toronto, 1997)
(Jean-François Ravaud, INSERM, 1999)
CT
NE
RH
I/C
CO
MS
/CIF
/200
3
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Disability as individual pathologyBiomedical Approach
• TreatmentRecovery through medical or technological means
• PreventionBiological or genetic intervention ; prenatal detection
• Social ResponsibilityEliminate or cure the disability
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Disability as individual pathologyFunctional Approach
• TreatmentFunctional rehabilitation services
• PreventionEarly diagnosis and treatment
• Social ResponsibilityImprove and obtain comfort
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Disability as social pathologyEnvironmental Approach
• TreatmentAccessibility, adaptation ; increased individual control over
services and support
• PreventionElimination of social, economic and physical barriers
• Social ResponsibilityElimination of obstacles to integration
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Disability as social pathologyHuman Rights Approach
• TreatmentReformulation of political, economic and social rules
• PreventionAcknowledgment that the disability is an inherent part of society
• Social ResponsibilityElimination to obstacles to integration
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Individual or medical approach
1 - the person is paralysed: medical approach (cf deficiency)
2 - the person cannot walk: functional approach (cf incapacity / limitation of activity)
Social approach
1 – the building is not accessible: environmental approach (cf installation of the environment)
2 - the society is discriminative and segregative: political approach /inequality of the human or citizen rights (non-discrimination)C
TN
ER
HI/
CC
OM
S/C
IF/2
003
Ex. : Access to town hall
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Another approach of the difference
From RIPPH/SCCIDIH and a presentation done by Raphaël de Riedmatten - Mai 2002
A global approach : the handicap creation process
Human Development Model
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Environmental Factors
Life Habits
Interaction
Risk Factors
Cause
Personal FactorsOrganic Systems Capabilities
Integrity Impairment Facilitator ObstacleAbility Disability
Social Participation Handicap Situation
Help ! Too theoritical !
The handicap creation process
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Risk Factor
Cause
138 KS 986
The handicap creation process – Risk factors
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Risk Factors
Cause
Personal FactorsOrganic Systems
Integrity impairment
Integrity
ImpairmentIdea of « degrees » of impairment
The handicap creation process – Personal factors
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Personal FactorsOrganic Systems Capabilities
Ability Disability
Disability (ex. with the age of the person)
Ability (idea of « to be very fit »)
Idea of « degrees » of ability
Integrity Impairment
Risk Factors
Cause
The handicap creation process - Personal factors
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Environmentals Factors
Facilitator Obstacle
• A hostile environment can be a determining factor in the handicap production process
Roads in bad condition constitute an "obstacle"
for certain people
Shtimë, Kosovo, 11.04.02
The handicap creation process - Environmental factors
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Environmental Factors
Facilitator Obstacle
Shtimë, Kosovo, 11.04.02
An accessible restaurant can largely facilitate the social life of people with reduced mobility
The handicap creation process - Environmental factors
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
EnvironmentalFactors
Facilitator Obstacle
• An inaccessible school is a factor of exclusion (obstacle)• … just as fears of the teachers • … or as the negative attitude of the other parents…
The handicap creation process - Environmental factors
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Environmental Factors
Facilitator Obstacle
Shtimë, Kosovo, 11.04.02
• Whereas a simple equipment can facilitate the participation (facilitator) • … with the support of an attentive teacher …• … the comprehension of the parents of the other pupils …
The handicap creation process - Environmental factors
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Environmental Factors
Facilitator Obstacle
Equal Rights !
• The existence of an effective legislation to support integration will have an important impact on the handicap situations in the daily life.
A law for the equal rights constitutes a "facilitator"
The handicap creation process - Environmental factors
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Environmental Factors
Facilitator Obstacle
• A family, support or obstacle ?
• … as for a culture and a society ?
Shtimë, Kosovo, 11.04.02
The handicap creation process - Environmental factors
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Environmental Factors
Facilitator Obstacle
Shtimë, Kosovo, 11.04.02
The handicap creation process - Environmental factors
•A ramp built by the father of the family, an obstacle which disappears !
•An electric wheelchair, a facilitator
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Environmental Factors
Facilitator Obstacle
The access to a computer and a good software to write in Braille: a facilitator
• An access to Internet, a facilitator to tie contacts
• @ !
The handicap creation process - Environmental factors
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Environmental Factors
Life Habits
Interaction
Risk Factors
Cause
Personal FactorsOrganic Systems Capabilities
Integrity Impairment Facilitator ObstacleAbility Disability
Social Participation Handicap Situation
The handicap creation process – Life Habits
• The whole of this factors are in interaction with the life habits of each person. There is not a « handicap » in itself.• There are only « handicap situations » more or less important which will restrict the social « participation ».
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Life Habit
Social Participation Handicap Situation
« Life habit is a daily activity or a social role valued by the person or his/her sociocultural context according to his/her characteristics (age, sex, sociocultural identity etc …) which ensure his/her survival and well-being in his/her society throughout their lifetime »
The handicap creation process – Life Habits
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Life Habit
« A situation of social participation corresponds to the full realization of the Life Habits »
The handicap creation process – Life Habits
Social Participation Handicap Situation
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Life Habit
Social Participation Handicap Situation
« A handicap situation refers to the reduced or non accomplishment of life habits. »
The handicap creation process – Life Habits
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Life Habits
Social Participation Handicap Situation
Shtimë, Kosovo, 11.04.02
The handicap creation process – Life Habits
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Life Habits
Social Participation Handicap Situation
The handicap creation process – Life Habits
Sophie Ferneeuw - nov 2004
Facteurs environnementaux
Habitudes de vie
Interaction
Facteurs de risque
Cause
Facteurs personnelsSystème
organiqueAptitudes
Intégrité Déficience Facilitateur ObstacleAptitude Incapacité
Participation sociale Situation de handicap
The End !