Somewhere . . . Over the brainbow . . .
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Transcript of Somewhere . . . Over the brainbow . . .
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SOMEWHERE . . . OVER THE BRAINBOW . . . The Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, the Neuron, and other stuff!
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FUN FACTS ABOUT LE BRAIN. Neurons: Milky Way
100 Billion-
300 Billion-
15ft-
10 minutes-
No pain
4 times around the earth!
Convolutions are Key!!!
Gyri and Sulci
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OUTLINE: HERE’S WHAT WE’RE GOING TO LEARN!
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: The Purpose of the Nervous
System The different parts of the
CNS/PNS Anatomy of a neuron Synapse Transmission of a signal Major Parts/Function of the brain
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM? 1. It acts as a network with
all the nerve cells throughout your whole body.
2. It controls all the systems in your body by sending messages in between your brain and your body.
3. It stores memories, and allows you to think.
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ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CNS: The Brain and spinal cord PNS: Sensory and motor neurons
Subdivided into Autonomic + Somatic Nervous system Autonomic is subdivided into Sympathetic +
Parasympathetic
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SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:VOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM Smiling Walking Arm Wrestling
Sensing stimuli Responding to
stimuli
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THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM : INVOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM
consists of sensory neurons and motor neurons that run between the central nervous system and various internal organs such as the:
heart lungs glands (both exocrine and endocrine)
Monitors different aspects of homeostasis, adjusts as necessary.
MetabolismTemperature RegulationHeart beat, etc.
Controls contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle
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SYMPATHETIC VS. PARASYMPATHETIC
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SYMPATHETIC VS. PARASYMPATHETIC Sympathetic
stimulates heartbeat raises blood pressure dilates the pupils dilates the
trachea and bronchi shunts blood away from
the skin and viscera to the skeletal muscles, brain, and heart
inhibits peristalsis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
inhibits contraction of the bladder and rectum
Parasympathetic
•slowing down of the heartbeat (as Loewi demonstrated)
•lowering of blood pressure
•constriction of the pupils
•increased blood flow to the skin and viscera
•peristalsis of the GI tract
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NEURON ANATOMY Sensory neurons carry
signals from the outer parts of your body (periphery) into the central nervous system.
Motor neurons (motoneurons) carry signals from the central nervous system to the outer parts (muscles, skin, glands) of your body.
Interneurons connect various neurons within the brain and spinal cord.
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BREAK IT DOWN. Cell Body (Soma)- Control
center / Recycling center
Dendrites- Receive signals from other neurons
Axon- Conducts signals away from the cell body to terminals
Myelin Sheath- Speeds neural signaling
Dendrites Axon
Cell Body
Myelin Sheath
Terminal
I have many entry points to receive signals, and one point
to send a signal!
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Neuron Photoshoot!
Neurons and astrocytes isolated from rat hippocampus stained for DNA (blue), neuronal-specific βIII-tubulin (green) and astrocyte-specific GFAP (red)
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LARGEST NEURONS: I “CEPHA-LOVE” GIANT AXONS! UP TO 1 MM THICK!!!!!!
Unbelievable.
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SYNAPSE: SIGNALING JUNCTION Neurotransmitters:
Acetylcholine
Inhibitory Endorphin Dopamine Seratonin
Excitatory Norepinephrine Epinephrine
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LIGHTS, CAMERA, ACTION POTENTIAL! STEPS FOR AP! 1. Action Potential arrives
at axon terminal 2. Ca channels open, Ca
enters axon terminal 3. Ach is released into
cleft, Ca is pumped out of axon terminal
4. Ach binds to receptors 5. Action Pot. is generated
and propogated 6. Causes release of Ca
ions 7. Ca ions trigger muscle
contraction
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQ-wQsEK21E
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THE BRAIN!!!!! A NICE, SWEET MEAT! Separated into two
hemispheres Right= Creative Left= Analytical
Connected by Corpus Collosum
Consists of 4 lobes Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe
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FRONTAL LOBE: Functions of the frontal
lobe! Emotions Reasoning Planning Movement Parts of speech Creativity Judgement Problem-solving Planning
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TEMPORAL LOBE: Functions of the
Temporal Lobe: Hearing Memory Meaning Language Emotion Learning Interpreting and
processing auditory stimuli
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PARIETAL LOBE: Functions of the
Parietal Lobes:
Processing of nerve impulses related to senses Touch Pain Taste Pressure Temperature
Language
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OCCIPITAL LOBE: Functions of the
Occipital Lobe: Object Recognition Vision
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ORDER OF THE BRAIN: TAKE TWO! Medulla Oblongata
Unconscious, essential functions
Circulation, muscle control, breathing, digestion etc.
Cerebellum Motor coordination, balance Enlarged in birds
Pons Connects forebrain and
hindbrain Sleep and arousal
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FOREBRAIN, MIDBRAIN, HINDBRAIN The Brain uses more
oxygen and energy than any other organ
Midbrain and Hindbrain - Brainstem
Connects CNS and PNS Homeostasis and
coordination Forebrain
Cerebrum Greatly enlarged in
mammals Information processing
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CORTICAL HOMUNCULI