Welcome, WHAP Comrades!

Monday, April 2, 2018

Have paper and something to write with out for notes

and be ready to begin!

This Week’s WHAP AgendaMONDAY 4/3: Russian and Chinese Revolutions

TUESDAY 4/4: China in the 20th century

WEDNESDAY 4/5: Cold War lecture

THURSDAY 4/6: Communism/Cold War document activity

FRIDAY 4/7: Communism/Cold War Harkness Discussion (over ALL of Ch. 21)

SATURDAY 4/8: WHAP MOCK EXAM: 8am-11:30am in the RHS Cafeteria

MONDAY 4/9: Communism/Cold War Timeline due (see website for instructions)

WHAP MOCK EXAM INFODate: Saturday, April 7, 2017

Location: Richland High School Cafeteria

Starts: 8:00 AM (Plan to arrive no later than 7:50am)

Ends: Most likely around 11:30am, no later than noon

Bring: #2 pencils, blue or black ink pens, water/snack (if you’d like)

**IF you cannot make it on Saturday, you must tell me ASAP. I will decide when the make-up opportunity will be.

**You MUST take the Mock Exam- it is a TEST GRADE!

HOW GOOD IS YOUR RUSSIAN KNOWLEDGE?

There have been 3 very influential Vladimirs in Russian history (at least). Can you name them?

Prince Vladimir of Kiev (900s)Vladimir Lenin (early 20th century)

Vladimir Putin (current President of Russia)

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917)

How did Russia go from

THIS TO THIS?

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917)

What were the causes of the Russian Revolution in 1917?

● Long-term causes● Short-term causes

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917) LONG-TERM CAUSES:

● Cruel, oppresive rule of czars● Widespread social unrest● Government censorship/restrictions on

personal freedoms ● Government persecution of minority

groups● Problems with rapid industrialization● Revolutionary groups gained influence● Weak, distant leadership● Series of military losses● Discontent over slow pace of reform● Reluctance of czar to share power

SHORT-TERM CAUSES:

● Russia was devastated by World War I- public grew upset with the war

● Czar unable/unwilling to deal with Russia’s problems

● Inflation● Decreasing food and fuel

supplies● Soldiers mutinied● Growing influence of

socialism/revolutionary groups

Military Difficulties (1850-1917)

● Crimean War (1853-1856- Russian loss)

● Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905- Russian loss)

● World War I (1914-1917- Russia surrendered)

WHY did Russia have so much difficulty militarily?

Bloody Sunday (1905)

● Crowd of workers approached the czar’s winter palace in St. Petersburg asking for better working conditions, more freedom, and an elected legislature

● Czar’s soldiers fired on the crowd

Reluctant Change: The Duma Is Created (1905)

● Protests after Bloody Sunday prompted the czar to agree to the creation of The Duma, Russia’s first parliament

● Czar Nicholas II dissolved the Duma after 10 weeks

THE MARCH REVOLUTION (MARCH 1917)

● Women textile workers in Petrograd led a strike, others followed (including soldiers)

● Exploded into a general uprising

● Czar Nicholas II stepped down

● Leaders of the Duma established a provisional government, a moderate government led by Alexander Kerensky

UNDER THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT

● Russia remained in WWI● Conditions inside Russia

worsened- peasants wanted land, city workers became more radical

● Socialist revolutionaries formed soviets (local councils made up of workers, peasants, and soldiers)

THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION (NOVEMBER 1917)

● Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia, led the radical Bolsheviks (radical communist revolutionaries) to power

● Slogans: “All power to the Soviets,” “Peace, Land, and Bread”

● Armed factory workers (Red Guards) forced power from the provisional government

THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION (NOVEMBER 1917)

What were the effects of the October Revolution?

EFFECTS OF THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION

● Russia withdrew from WWI● Lenin ordered that all farmland be

distributed among the peasants, workers be given control of factories

● Royal family murdered● Russian Civil War: Red Army

(Bolsheviks) fought enemies at home (White Army)- Bolsheviks won (led by Leon Trotsky)- solidified power

THE SOVIET UNION UNDER LENIN: 1917-1924

● Peace, economic recovery in the 1920s: government controlled banks and most major industries, but allowed some private ownership, foreign investment- this was Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP)

● Lenin organized Russia into several self-governing republics under the central government (became the USSR)

● There was a constitution, but the Communist party held all the power

● Lenin died in 1924; Joseph Stalin took control- became a dictator with absolute power

THE SOVIET UNION UNDER STALIN: 1924-1953

● Seized absolute power and turned the USSR into a totalitarian state

● Launched a series of purges against his enemies (either killed them or sent them to labor camps)- the Great Purge of 1937-38 killed between 8-13 million

● Religion was discouraged, followers persecuted● Developed a command economy under Five Year

Plans- focused on industrial production instead of consumer production

● Collectivized farming- grouped private farms into government-owned farms

THE SOVIET UNION UNDER STALIN: 1924-1953

● Personal freedoms were suppressed, and consumer goods were in short supply

● People learned new skills required for the industrialized economy

● Women gained more status- entered the workforce in larger numbers, many had skilled careers (like doctors), but were still expected to bear children and do household work

CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949

Background: It is said that by 1900 China was “ripe for revolution.” Why? (What had China gone through in the 19th century?)

CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949

● The Kuomintang, or Nationalist Party, wanted modernization and nationalization in China- led by Sun Yixian

● 1911: The Revolutionary Alliance (a forerunner of the Kuomintang) succeeded in overthrowing the last Qing emperor

● 1912: Sun Yixian became president of the new Republic of China

● Focused on nationalism (ending foreign control), people’s rights (democracy), and people’s livelihood (economic security for all) Sun Yixian

CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949

● Sun Yixian lacked the authority and military support to secure national unity

● Sun Yixian turned over the presidency to a powerful general (Yuan Shikai)- he betrayed the democratic ideals of the 1911 revolution- sparked local revolts

● When Yuan Shikai died in 1916, civil war broke out- local warlords, military leaders gained power

● 1917: China joined the Allies in WWI, hoped to re-claim land from Germany after the war Yuan Shikai

CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949

● The Treaty of Versailles gave Germany’s sphere of influence in China to Japan

● May 4, 1919- National outrage prompted a massive movement called the May Fourth Movement- showed China could have national unity (beginning of Chinese nationalism)

The May Fourth Movement (1919)

CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949

● 1921: The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) begins to form under Mao Zedong

● Meanwhile, Sun Yixian and the Nationalists set up a government in south China

● Sun Yixian became upset with Western democracies that did not support his government- wanted Chinese unity, allowed the CCP to join forces with the Kuomintang- this earned Russia’s support Mao Zedong

CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949

● Sun Yixian died in 1925; Jiang Jieshi (formerly called Chiang Kai-shek) replaced him as leader of Nationalists

● Jiang Jieshi feared communist takeover● First, worked with CCP to fight the

warlords, bring unity to China● Then, in 1927-28, Jiang’s Nationalists

attacked the communists (CCP)● 1930-1949: Chinese Civil War-

Nationalists fought CommunistsJiang Jieshi

CHINESE CIVIL WAR (1930-1949)

Nationalists Communists

Who in China would support each group?

Which foreign nations would support each group?

CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949

● Mao recruited peasants, trained them in guerrilla warfare to fight nationalists

● Nationalists outnumbered communists, drove them out of their base in southern China

● 1934-35: The Long March- communists fled north

● 1937-1945: Nationalists and communists united to fight the Japanese

CHANGES IN CHINA: 1900-1949

● During WWII, China’s death toll was estimated between 10-22 million

● 1945-1949: Nationalists and Communists resumed civil war

● Nationalists had more soldiers, foreign aid from the US, but communists had popular support

● 1949: Communists won the civil war, China became the People’s Republic of China (PRC) under Mao Zedong

● 1949: Nationalists fled to Taiwan (Formosa)- established the Republic of China (Taiwan)

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

REPUBLIC OF CHINA (TAIWAN)

WHAP HW TONIGHT!

Finish reading and taking notes over Ch. 21 by FRIDAY- you have a Harkness discussion on Friday!

Also, your Communism/Cold War Timeline is due on MONDAY. Instructions are on the website.