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![Page 1: Something legally submitted to a competent tribunal as a means of ascertaining the truth of any alleged matter of fact under investigation before it.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072011/56649e005503460f94ae9c8c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Something legally submitted to a competent
tribunal as a means of ascertaining the truth of
any alleged matter of fact under investigation before
it.
Webster’s Dictionary
Definition of Evidence
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Types of Evidence• Testimonial Evidence:• Any evidence given in
the form of a statement made, under oath, usually in response to questioning.
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Types of Evidence• Physical Evidence: • Any type of evidence
having an objective existence –
• Having size, shape, and dimension.
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What is the Value of Physical Evidence?
• It can prove a crime has been committed or can establish key elements of a crime.
• i.e. Torn clothing, bruises can establish an altercation.
• Gasoline present in a carpet sample can indicate an intentional setting of a fire.
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What is the Value of Physical Evidence?
It can place a suspect in contact with the victim or the crime scene.– Trace evidence:– Hairs, fibers present on a subject can link
an individual to a specific person or specific place.
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Value of Physical Evidence
• It can establish the identity of a particular individual present at the crime scene.- latent finger print evidence.
• It can exonerate the innocent.
• It can corroborate an individual’s testimony.
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Benefits of Physical Evidence
No personality factors affect it’s weight.
No memory to fail by the time of the trial.
It carries its argument into the jury room.
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Types of Physical Evidence
• Friction ridge Structure
- Finger, palm or sole impressions.
- Latent – Visible– Plastic or patent
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Types of Physical Evidence
• Impressions: Shoe or tool marks
- Three dimensional– Two Dimensional – Striations
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Types of Physical Evidence
• Physiological Fluids: – Blood– Saliva – Semen– Sweat
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Types of Physical Evidence
• Trace Evidence (microscopic in nature)– Hair– Fiber– Glass– Paint– Soil
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Search Methods
Strip Method
Grid Method
Circle Method
Zone Method
Vehicle Search
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Crime Scene Sketching
A crime scene sketch is an illustrative diagram that accurately depicts the scene and shows relevant locations of items within the scene.
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Crime Scene Sketching To draw a sketch, you will need:- 2 people, one to take actual measurements
and the other draws diagram / records exact measurements.
- Measuring equipment: steel tape measure, roll-a-tape.
- Paper: graph or blank.- Clipboard / drawing surface.- Writing instruments (lead pencil and eraser)- Drawing Template
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Outdoor Sketching Methods
Coordinate Methods - Use two fixed walls or streets.
Polar / Radial Method – Use a single fixed point and compass readings
Triangulation – Use where there are no local reference points.
Global Positioning Satellite (GPS)