Some observation on the text of šay ḫ Hāšim’s Fat ḥ al-ra...

Some observation on the text of ay Hims Fat al-ramn

Alessandro Gori

IslHornAfr (EU 7th Framework Programme, ERC Advanced Grant 322849)

Dept of Cross-Cultural and Regional StudiesUniversity of CopenhagenKaren Blixens Vej 42300 Copenhagen SEmail: [email protected]

www.islhornafr.eu

Warsaw, 26/08/2014Dias 1

Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies

Islam in the Horn of Africa, A Comparative Literary Approach: Administrative data

Financing by the European Research Council Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)Advanced Grant no. 322849 Period of financing: 2013-2018Originally based at the University of Florence (01.07.13)Transferred to the University of Copenhagen on 01.02.14Now based at the Institute of Cross-cultural and Regional Studies/University of Copenhagen


Islam in the Horn of Africa, A Comparative Literary Approach: Staff

Principal Investigator: Alessandro Gori

Researchers:Dr. Sara FaniDr. Michele PetroneDr. Anne RegourdDr. Adday HernandezDr. Irmeli PerhoMr. Orhan Toy

Website:www.islhornafr.eu


ay Him al-Harar: some biographical data

ay Him b. Abd al-Azz b. amr Him al-Muammadi al-fi al-Aar al-Qdir al-Harar (ca. 1711-1765)In ms. Abdulahi Collection 1563 f. 58r to ay Him is given also the nisba al-ilGrandson of amr Him b. Al b. Dawd

Qdiri ay and teacher Prolific writer:

Muaf (in two versions) in Harari in Arabic script Published by Wagner in 1983

Fat al-Ramn Other invocations and prayers (see below for the detail) Died around 1765 Buried in Aw Izzn (Assum Bari) - Galma (zikri bet) in Argob

Bari No connection with wal Him

Ewald Wagner, Him b. Abdalazz, in Siegbert Uhlig (ed.), Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, II, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 2005, p. 1044Dias 4


Fat al-ramn: the printed editions

al-Qhira: Muaf al-Bb al-alab 1368/1949p. 119 colophon 1 rab al-awwal 1323/6 May 1905

Addis Ababa Mabaat Adds 1386/1966 ed. Ysuf Abd al-Ramn

Addis Ababa: Mabaat imbir 1401 ed. Ibrhm Umar SulaymnPhotomecanical reporduction of a manuscript

Copied by Umar SulaymnColophon (p. 154): 7 awwl 1386 (19/01/1967)allegedly collated with the authograph of ay Himkept at the Maqm of the ay dated (p. 90) Thursday 19 saban1171 (28/04/1758)In custody of the murd ay Abd al-awd kabr Isml b. al-Muqr

Mutaar by the famous (and discussed) ay Abdallh al-Harar

Dias 5


Printed Fat al-ramn: structure

Preface:Description of Gods inspiration to the author pp. 6-7Visions of the Prophet (drinking his sweat from his forehead) Prophecy of ay Him in paradise drinking from the tasnmfountain of paradiseProphecy of his intercessory power (afa)Niyat al-alt al al-nab (taken from al-azls Dalil al-ayrt) p. 8

5 chapters (but numbered starting from the second p. 24) 10-90

Du to be read after alwt (partially from Dalil al-ayrt) pp. 91-94

Dias 6


Text constellation of the printed Fat al-ramn

Dawa (i.e. du) al-Dimyiyya with anonymous tams (Nr al-Dn al-Dimy 921/1515), pp. 95-104 (pp. 105-117 in the Cairo ed.)Ibn Zarrq al-Burnuss du (d. 1493) pp.105-106 (pp. 117-119 in the Cairo ed.)Anonymous tamis on al-qasda al-muariyya: pp. 106-111 (pp. 96-103 in the Cairo ed.)Tamis al al-Wasla al-ama attributed to Badr al-Dn al-usayn b. al-iddq b. al-usayn b. Abd al-Ramn al-Ahdal (d. 903 A.H./1497-8); pp.112-116 (pp. 90-96 in the Cairo ed.)Ayniyyat al-Suhayl (with tamis): al-imm al-Suhayl (1185-1114) pp.116-118 (pp. 103-105 in the Cairo ed.)Qada with tams Ilzam bba rabbika by Muammad b. Alaw al-addd (d. 1720) pp. 118-120 (pp. 88-90 in the Cairo ed.)

Dias 7


Text constellation of the printed Fat al-ramn(2)

Du nif abn pp. 120-121 (p. 130 in the Cairo ed.)Du ahr raman pp. 121-122 (p. 129 in the Cairo ed.)Tawassul bi-al-asm al-usn pp. 122-123 (pp. 119-120 in the Cairo ed.)

Rtib al-sada by Muammad al-Sammn (1719-1775) pp. 124-128 (pp. 120-125 in the Cairo ed.)

Invocations and pious texts attributed to al-fi and to the Prophet: pp. 128-131 (pp. 125-128)

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Other works of ay Him in the edition of the Fat printed in Addis Ababa

Kitb izb al-abrr (pp. 133-135)

Kayfiyyat al-ikr (pp. 136-148)

al-alt al-kubr (pp. 149-154)

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Fat al-Ramn: the manuscript tradition

12 manuscripts: 3 at the IES; 8 in Harar (Abdallh arf Collection); 1 Pavia, Biblioteca Civica Bonetta, Robecchi Bricchetti Collection

Oldest dated EMIP 1444 Abdulahi Collection 102 (colophon 174v; afar 1168/Nov.-Dec. 1754) 3 more manuscripts possibly from the 18th century2 manuscript 19th7 manuscripts 20th century

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Fat al-ramn: the manuscript tradition (1-3)

IES 282 (20th c.) ff. 4v-65v Fat al-ramn and ff. 65v-68r the du to be read after alwt (partially from Dalil al-ayrt)

IES 2670 (20th c.) ff.35r-100v only the Fat al-ramn and ff. 98v-100r Du to be read after alwt (partially from Dalil al-ayrt); f. 100v only the title page of the Wasla al-aam wa-al-kimiy al-afar f al-alawt alal-nab al-akram by ay Him

IES 2671 (20th c.) Description of Gods inspiration to the author pp. 6-7 Visions of the Prophet (drinking his sweat from his forehead) Prophecy of ay Him in paradise drinking from the tasnm fountain of paradise Prophecy of his intercessory power (afa) Niyat al-alt al al-nab (taken from al-azls Dalil al-ayrt); ff. 4r52r the Fat al-ramn and du to be read after alwt (partially from Dalil al-ayrt); ff 52v-54r al-du al-Damyaiyya; 54v-55r duAmad al-Zarrq(); f. 55r Tawassul bi-al-asm al-usn pp. 122-123 (pp. 119-120 in the Cairo ed.) Ff. 55v58r: The tams on the Muariyya poem by al-Br. 58v-59v zikri harari

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Fat al-ramn: the manuscript tradition (4)

EMIP 1444 Abdulahi Collection 102 (colophon of the Fat 169v; afar 1168/Nov.-Dec. 1754, older than the one printed in the Addis Ababa edition) ff. 98v-ff. 101v. du for every day of the week attributed to Al b. Ab lib; ff. 102r-107r du for everyday of the week attributed to Abd al-Qdir al-ln; ff. 116v-118v Wird al-saar by ay Him; f. 120v Niyat al-alt alal-nab (taken from al-azls Dalil al-ayrt); ff. 121r -174v Fat Rahmn; 175r-178r du to be read after alwt(partially from Dalil al-ayrt), ff. 178v-179r taliya attributedto al-azzl; ff. 179r excerpts from Ibn Ab al-Sayf al-yaman(d.609) Kitab al-luma; 180r-v excerpt from al-afaws (s. 894) Nuzhat al-malis; ff. 180v-181r excerpts from al-fi; f. 181r Kayfiyyat alt al-tasb; f. 181r du alt al-tasbh; ff. 181v-186r izb al-barr by Ab al-asan al-il; ff. 186r-189v wirdto be read after alt al-ub by Abdallh b. Alaw al-addd; 199v-201v du izb al-barr attributed to Ibn Arab; 202v-203r izb al-Bar by Ab al-asan al-il

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EMIP 1446 Abdulahi Collection 104: colophon 40v 18 umadaal-awwal 1329/17 May 1911 (copyist al- Abd b. Abd al-Ramn b. mid b. q Ibrhm b. q Al): ff. 1v-2r description of Gods inspiration to the author; visions of the Prophet (drinking his sweat from his forehead); prophecy of ay Him in paradise drinking from the tasnm fountain of paradise; prophecy of his intercessory power (afa); niyat al-alt al al-nab (taken from al-azls Dalil al-ayrt); ff. 2r-7v introduction and the first chapter Fal f fal al-alt; titlepage f. 8r; 8r-40v al-Fat al-ramn; 41r-43r Du to be readafter alwt (partially from Dalil al-ayrt); ff. 43-44r ayHims al-wasla al-aam wa-al-kimiy al-afar f al-alawtal al-nab al-akram; 45r-54v anonymous tams on al-qadaal-muariyya: 54r-56r al-Du al-Damyiyya without tams; ff. 56r-57r Du Amad al-Zarrq()

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1447 Abdulahi Collection 105 (possibly 19th century)f. 2v al-qada al-munfaria by Ibn al-Naw; f. 3r poem attributed to Al b. Ab lib; f. 3v Description of Gods inspiration to the author; visions of the Prophet (drinking his sweat from his forehead); prophecy of ay Him in paradise drinking from the tasnm fountain of paradise Prophecy of his intercessory power (afa); f. 4r Niyat al-alt al al-nab (takenfrom al-azls Dalil al-ayrt); ff. 4v-49r the Fat al-ramn; 49r-51r Du to be read afteralwt (partially from Dalil al-ayrt); f. 51v-53r al-wasla al-aam wa-al-kimiy al-afar fal-alawt al al-nab al-akram (interesting note: the author says it is a abridged version of tasliyat Ibn Arab); ff. 53r-v izb al-ahd wa-al-mq by ay Him; f. 54r-v ar al-taliya; ff. 54v-55v taliya (y rabb all ala man sammaytahu al-anbiy bar); ff. 55v-57r: taliya f rasrasl allh arbaa; ff. 57v-58r prose introduction to a collection of alawt; ff. 58v-62v taliya; f. 63r-v du al-itiqd wa-al-yaqn attributed to the Prophet transmitted by Anas b. Mlik; 63v-64v: seven short invocations (sabaat wasil; the incipit of the first is identical to one du of the afa al-sadiyya); ff 65r-66v al-Dawa al-Damyiyya (without tams); f. 67r-v du a lam narah (du alb al-rizq); f.67v du Abd al-Qdir al-ln; ff. 68r-72r Tams al-muariyya; 72v-76r Tams ala Al-Wasila al-azima attributed to Badr al-Din al-Husayn b. al-Siddiq b. al-Husayn b. Abd al-Ramn al-Ahdal (d. 903 A.H./1497-8); ff 76r-77v Ayniyyat al-Suhayl (with tams), al-imm al-Suhayl (1185-1114); f. 78r-v al-alt al-kubr by ayHim; ff. 79r-82v tams al-dawa al-dimyiyya; f. 83r Tawassul bi-al-asm al-usn; 83v-84r du Amad al-Zarrq(); f.84r qada with tams Ilzam bba rabbika by Muammad b. Alaw al-Haddd (d. 1720); ff. 84r-86v Rtib al-Sada Muammad al-Sammn (1719-1775)

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1448 Abdulahi Collection 106 (imperfect colophon f. 60; possiblylate 18th century; copyist, f. 59v, Ibrhm b. Umar b. Sad b. Abdallh); f. 6r-v anonymous poem: h al-nab Muammad ayral-war wa-nabiyuhum ayr wa-nabiyuhum wa-bihi taarrafa dam; f. 7v excerpt from ilyat al-awliy (Ab Nuaym al-Ifahn); f.7r title page reads: Kitb Fat al-ramn the is added later; ff. 8r-v du al-istb; ff. 9r-59v Fat al-ramn (starts with the sectionkayfiyyat al-alt al al-nab: f. 16v intah al-fal al-awwal wa-yatlh al-fal al-n); 60r-62v Du to be read after alwt(partially from Dalil al-ayrt); ff. 63r-v uf bi-l by Abd al-Qdir al-ln; ff. 64v-65v excerpt from al-Gawhir al-muia filyat ayr al-bariyya by Fil b. rif al-fidn; 72v-85r tams of the qada y ayyib al-asm; ff. 86v-90r tams of the istifr of Ab Madyan uayb; ff. 90r-94r tams Badr al-Dn al-usayn b. iddq b. al-usayn b. Abd al-Ramn al-Ahdal; 94r-95v liyat al-kurab wa-munlat al-arab by Muammad al-Sammmn; 96r-100r al-Dawa al-Dimyiyya; 100r-103r anonymous poem in praise of the prophet Il Marw qad badat subul al-rad

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1449 Abdulahi Collection 107 (umda al-n 1392/Jul.-Aug.1972; copyist Tawfiq Umar Baraso)

1v-11r al-Muaf by ay Him11v-12v: anonymous du12v title page Fat al-ramn 13v-14v asm Allh al-usn15v-16r Niyat al-alt16v-17v du: y man yub du al-mutarr (from Dalil al-ayrt)18r-101r Fat al-ramn 101v-105v Du to be read after alwt (partially from Dalil al-ayrt) 106r-111v tamis al-Muariyya

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1450 Abdulahi Collection 108 (20th century)

ff. 2r-51v Fat al-ramn (f. 2r title page)ff. 52r-54v Du to be read after alwt (partially from Dalil al-ayrt)ff. 54v-57v al-Dawa al-dimyiyya (incomplete)f. 57v incipit of the tams Muariyya (incomplete)

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1451 Abdulahi Collection 109 20th centuryNiyat al-alt al al-nab (taken from al-azls Dalil al-ayrt)2r-3v du: y man yub du al-mutarr (from Dalil al-ayrt)f. 5v-65v Fat al-ramnf.65v-69r Du to be read after alwt (partially from Dalil al-ayrt)

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1563 Abdulahi Collection 221 (possibly 19th century)f. 2r-v Description of Gods inspiration to the author Visions of the Prophet (drinking his sweat from his forehead) Prophecy of ay Him in paradise drinking from the tasnm fountain of paradise Prophecy of his intercessory power (afa); f. 2v Niyat al-alt al al-nab (taken from al-azls Dalil al-ayrt); ff. 2v-45v Fat al-Rahmani; ff. 45v-50v Du to be read after alwt (partially from Dalil al-ayrt); ff. 51v-55v izb al-tawba wa-al-istiqma; ff. 55v-57v izb al-wada al-mamiya wa-al-ara al-mafiyya wa-al-ibtihl al al-dawat al-qudsiyya terminated by ay Him on 24 raab 1176 (8/2/1763); ff.57v-61 izb al-fiq f tanzh al-liq; f. 61r du ay Him; f. 62v-64v; al-Wasla al-azam wa-al-kimiy al-afham f al-salm al al-nab al-akram ff. 64v-65v izb al-ahd wa-al-mq; ff. 65v-67v du by ay Him; 68r anonymous final du

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Pavia Biblioteca Civica C. Bonetta ms. Robecchi Bricchetti 5 (Renato Traini, I manoscritti arabi esistenti nelle biblioteche di Pavia ANL-R, 8, 28, 1973, pp. 7-10; 18th century) 1v-3r izb al-fiq f tanzh al-liq by ay Him; 3r Description of Gods inspiration to the author,visions of the Prophet (drinking his sweat from his forehead) Prophecy of ay Himin paradise drinking from the tasnm fountain of paradise Prophecy of his intercessory power(afa) Niyat al-alt al al-nab (taken from al-azls Dalil al-ayrt); 3v-57r Fat al-ramn; 7v qada il m wa-qad badat subul al-radi (attributed to Abd al-Qadir b. Sayhb. Abdalllah al-Aydarus); 10r-v qada with tams Ilzam bba rabbika by Muammad b. Alaw al-addd (d. 1720); 58r-60r Du to be read after alwt (partially from Dalil al-ayrt); 60v-63v izb al-wada al-mamiya wa-al-ara al-mafiyya wa-al-ibtihl al al-dawat al-qudsiyya terminated by ay Him on 24 raab 1176 (8/2/1763); 63v-65r izbal-tawba wa-al-istiqma by ay Him ; 65r-v izb al-ahd wa-al-mq ay Him ; 65v-66v al-Wasla al-azam wa-al-kimiy al-afham f al-salm al al-nab al-akram by ayHim; 67r-68v izb al-nr by Ab al-asan al-il; 68v-70v izb al-bar by Ab al-asan al-il; 70r-v Sat kayfiyyat al-alt, sayyid Amad al-Badaw; 70v-71v about alt al-u with du to be recited on that occasion; 71v spiritual genealogy of ay Abdal-Qdir al-ln; 72r incipit of Ayniyyat al-Suhayl with tams; 74v-80v tams al-Dawaal-dimyiyya; 81r-v duAmad al-Zarrq; 81r-85r Anonymous tams on al-qada al-muariyya; 88v-90r tamis al al-Wasla al-ama attributed to Badr al-Dn al-usayn b. al-iddq b. al-usayn b. Abd al-Ramn al-Ahdal; 88v-90r Manma f asm Allh al-husn by Amad Dardr

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An invented tradition?

Main general features of the manuscript tradition: Absence of a standardized constellation of text around the

Fat al-ramn Some manuscripts contain only few texts together with the

Fat al-ramn Other have many randomly choosen texts copied together

with the Fat al-ramn A well-defined collection appears only in the printed edition

of 1949 Apparently creation of a (so far) unknown editor Based on a choice of some of the texts kept in

manuscripts also containing other texts Manuscript of 1967 represents this recent produced

tradition: Fall-back of a printed tradition on a manuscript?

To reach more impact and prestige to the editorialoperation

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Works of ay Him copied with his Fat al-ramn

1. izb al-fiq f tanzh al-liq: 1563 Abdulahi Collection 221 ff.57v-61; Pavia Bonetta 5 1v-3r

2. izb al-wada al-mamiya wa-al-ara al-mafiyya wa-al-ibtihl al al-dawat al-qudsiyya terminated on 24 raab 1176 (8/2/1763): EMIP 1563 Abdulahi Collection 221 ff. 55v-57v; Pavia Bonetta 5 60v-63v

3. izb al-tawba wa-al-istiqma: EMIP 1563 Abdulahi Collection 221 ff. 51v-55v; Pavia Bonetta 5 63v-65r

4. izb al-ahd wa-al-mq: 1563 Abdulahi Collection 221 ff. 64v-65v, Pavia Bonetta 5 65r-v;

5. al-Wasla al-azam wa-al-kimiy al-afham f al-salm al al-nab al-akram: EMIP 1446 Abdulahi Collection 104 ff. 43-44r; 1563 Abdulahi Collection 221 f. 62v-64v, EMIP 1447 Abdulahi Collection 105 f. 51v-53r (note: the authorsays it is a abridged version of tasliyat Ibn Arabi); Pavia Bonetta 5 65v-66v; IES 2670 f. 100v only the title page

6. Wird al-saar: EMIP 1444 Abdulahi Collection 102 ff. 116v-118v 7. Du: EMIP 1563 Abdulahi Collection 221, f. 61r 8. Du: EMIP 1563 Abdulahi Collection 221, ff. 65v-67v9. Kitb izb al-abrr pp. 133-135 of the Addis Ababa printed edition10. Kayfiyyat al-ikr pp. 136-148 of the Addis Ababa printed edition11. al-alt al-kubr pp. 149-154 of the Addis Ababa printed edition

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il texts in the Fat al-Ramn constellation

EMIP 1444 Abdulahi Collection 102

izb al-bar: EMIP 1444 Abdulahi Collection 102,ff. 202v-203r and Pavia Biblioteca Civica C. Bonetta ms. RobecchiBricchetti 5, ff. 68v-70v

izb al-barr: EMIP 1444 Abdulahi Collection 102, ff. 181v-186r

du izb al-barr attributed to Ibn Arab: EMIP 1444 Abdulahi Collection 102, ff. 199v-201v

izb al-nr Pavia Biblioteca Civica C. Bonetta ms. RobecchiBricchetti 5 ff. 67r-68v

Connection with the iliyya brotherhood and explanation for the nisba il attributed to sayh Hasim in ms. 1563 AbdulahiCollection 221 f. 58r

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Thank you for your attention

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Some observation on the text of šay ḫ Hāšim’s Fat ḥ al-ra...

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