BY LEVI PING

Somatic-Cell Nuclear Transfer

Definition

The process of cloning with a donor somatic cell and a donor egg cell

Somatic: Any Diploid Cell in the BodyNuclear: Relating to the Nucleus of a Cell

Origin of Development

First done by Scottish Scientists from the Roslin Institute by Cloning the Famous Sheep Dolly

Dolly the Sheep

The Process

1. Remove nuclei from both cells2. Insert Somatic Nuclei into Egg cell3. Insert Somatic Cell into the Mother4. Wait till the Clone is born

The Steps of Transfer

Uses for Today and the Future

• Cloning Animals for Research

• Cloning Endangered SpeciesIn order to expand population

• Cloning Extinct SpeciesTo Research their Behaviorand Other Characteristics

Limits of Somatic Cloning

• Somatic Cloning can only be done on mammals and no other species

• There is still a High Percentage of the Clone Dying when the Mother is Pregnant

• The Ethical Issues Behind the Cloning Experiments and the Future of Cloning

• Still Really New

Somatic Cloning on A Wooly Mammoth

In 2002 Scientists found a Preserved Wooly Mammoth and the Plan is to do Somatic Cloning except Place the Embryo in an Elephant instead. However the Scientists need to replicate Lost DNA due to Age.

Problems With Somatic Cloning

About 90% of Clones FailMany Clones are often at a higher risk of

Disease and Infection than non-clonesClones are at a higher risk of Genetic

Defects and AbnormalitiesComplete DNA is Needed and not just a

Couple Strands

Animals that Have been Cloned

• Sheep• Goats• Cows • Mice• Pigs• Cats• Rabbits• Gaur