SOMALIA - UNICEF DATA · SOMALIA Source: MICS 2006 45% 8% of women 20-24 years old married or in...
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Transcript of SOMALIA - UNICEF DATA · SOMALIA Source: MICS 2006 45% 8% of women 20-24 years old married or in...
STATISTICAL COUNTRY PROFILE ON FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/CUTTING
Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) refers to “all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.” At least 125 million girls and women alive today have been cut in the 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East where FGM/C is concentrated. As many as 30 million girls are at risk of being cut before their 15th birthday if current trends continue. FGM/C is a violation of girls’ and women’s human rights and is condemned by many international treaties and conventions, as well as by national legislation in many countries. Yet, where it is practiced FGM/C is performed in line with tradition and social norms to ensure that girls are socially accepted and marriageable, and to uphold their status and honour and that of the entire family. UNICEF works with government and civil society partners towards the elimination of FGM/C in countries where it is still practised.
1. World Health Organization, Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An interagency statement, WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNIFEM, OHCHR, UNHCR, UNECA, UNESCO, UNDP, UNAIDS, WHO, Geneva, 2008, p. 4.
1
DIVISION OF POLICY AND STRATEGY
SOMALIA
Source: MICS 2006
45%8% of women 20-24 years old married or in
union before age 15
of women 20-24 years old married or in union before age 18
25% of women 15-24 years old that are able to read a short simple statement about everyday life
76%of ever-married women 15-49 years old think that a husband/partner is justified in hitting/beating his wife under certain circumstances
15% of women 15-49 years old in union
currently using any contraceptive
method
No national decree/legislation banning FGM/C
KEY STATISTICS ON WOMEN’S STATUS
Data and Analytics Section
© UNICEF Somalia/2012/Dhayi
46 48 45 55
44 47 43 49 48
20
0
40
60
80
100
Total Urban Rural Secondary orhigher
Primary complete
No education
Poorest Richest
0
20
40
60
80
5
25
7 Cut, flesh removed
Type not determined/Not sure/Don’t know
Cut, no flesh removed/Nicked
FGM/C is nearly universal among girls and women in Somalia
The vast majority of girls experience the practice between the ages of 5 and 9, and more than half undergo the most severe form of FGM/C
HOW WIDESPREAD IS THE PRACTICE?
WHEN AND HOW IS FGM/C PERFORMED?
P 15-49 years who have at least one daughter who has had FGM/C, by place of residence and mother's education
Percentage distribution of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years with at least one living daughter who has undergone FGM/C,
by type of FGM/C performed
Percentage of girls and women aged 15-49 yearswho have had FGM/C, by préfecture
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM/C, by region
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM/C, by residence and household wealth quintile
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years with at least one living daughter who has undergone FGM/C, by residence, mother's education and household wealth quintile
Percentage distribution of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years with at least one living daughter who has undergone FGM/C, by age at which cutting occurred
0 20 40 60 80 100
Source for all charts on this page: MICS 2006
Notes: The boundaries and the names shown and the designations used on the map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Only categories with 25 or more unweighted cases are presented. Due to rounding, some of the data presented may not add up to 100 per cent. There is no ethnicity or religion data for Somalia.
Sewn closed
0-4 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
Don’t know/Missing
826 1
0 20 40 60 80 100
HOW WIDESPREAD IS THE PRACTICE?
WHEN AND HOW IS FGM/C PERFORMED?
11
63
100 98 98 97 98 96
Total Rural Urban Poorest Richest
Koranic/non-standard
curriculum
65
3
33
Daughters whosemothers thinkFGM/C should
continue
Daughters whosemothers say it depends /
are not sure
Daughters whosemothers think
FGM/C should stop
0
20
40
60
80
100
10% - 25%
26% - 50%
51% - 80%
Less than 10%
Above 80%
Among daughters of cut girls and women, the percentage of those who have undergone FGM/C, by mothers’ attitudes about whether the
practice should continue
WHAT ARE THE PREVAILING ATTITUDES TOWARDS FGM/C?
IS THE PRACTICE OF FGM/C CHANGING?
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM/C, by current age
Almost two thirds of girls and women think the practice should continue
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM/C, by their attitudes about whether the practice should continue
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM/C and think the practice should continue, by household wealth quintile, education, residence and age
There has been no change in the prevalence of FGM/C over time
Notes: N/A = not available. There are no ethnicity data for Somalia. In Somalia, questions on FGM/C were included in the 2011 MICS conducted separately in the Northeast Zone (also referred to as Puntland) and Somaliland. Data are preliminary and do not allow for the calculation of national figures.
In Northeast Zone and Somaliland, percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 who have undergone FGM/C, by age groups
0
20
40
60
80
100
45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19
99 98 99 99 98 98 97
65
78
47
69
53 47
65 72
54 64 60
0
20
40
60
80
100
Total Poorest Richest No education Primary complete
Secondary or higher
Koranic/non-standardcurriculum
Rural Urban 45-49 years 15-19 years
0
20
40
60
80
100
45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19
98 98 98 99 98 99 97
100 99 100 99 100 99 99Somaliland Northeast Zone
Source for all of the above charts: MICS 2006
Source: MICS 2011
365 33
0 20 40 80 100
Think FGM/C should continue Think FGM/C should stop Say it depends/are not sure
60
INTER-COUNTRY STATISTICAL OVERVIEW
SOMALIA
1 2 2 3 5 6 7 9 9 10 11 14 17 21
31 34 37 38 41 41 42 45 49
54
64 65 66 69 73
Benin
Togo
Ghana
Niger
Iraq
Camero
on
Ugand
a
Burkina
Faso
Kenya
Côte d'
Ivoire
Seneg
al
Nigeria
Ethiop
ia
Guinea
-Biss
au
Djibou
ti
Chad
Maurita
nia
Yemen
Sudan
Liberi
a
Eritrea
Egypt
Gambia
Somali
a
Sierra
Leon
e
Guinea
Mali
1 1 2 4 4 8
13 15 1724 26 27 27
38 44
50
66 69
74 76 76
88 88 89 89 91 93 96 98
0
20
40
60
80
100
Camero
on
Ugand
a
Niger
Ghana
To
go
Iraq
Benin
Yemen
Centra
l Afric
an
Repub
lic Seneg
al
Nigeria
Kenya
Côte d'
Ivoire
Chad
Guinea
-Biss
au
Liberi
a
Maurita
nia
Ethiop
ia
Burkina
Faso
Gambia
Sudan
Sierra
Leon
e Mali
Eritrea
Egypt
Djibou
ti
Guinea
Somali
a
n - Division of Policy and Strategy UNICEF, 3 UN Plaza, New York, 10017
Website: www.childinfo.org Email: [email protected]
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years with at least one living daughter who has undergone FGM/C
United
Rep
ublic
of Ta
nzan
ia
0
20
40
60
80
100
Centra
l Afric
an
Repub
lic
United
Rep
ublic
of Ta
nzan
ia
Released December 2013
These country profiles were made possible through core funding to UNICEFand financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of these country profiles are the sole responsibility of UNICEF and can in no way reflect the viewsof the European Union.
The Data and Analytics Section gratefully acknowledges inputs shared by UNICEF country offices.
Data and Analytics Sectio
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have heard about FGM/C and think the practice should continue
Percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years who have undergone FGM/C
0
20
40
60
80
100
1 1 2 3 3 8
18
39 46
49 57
63
74
Niger
Camero
on
Benin Ira
q
Kenya
Chad
Guinea
-Biss
au
Somali
a
Djibou
ti
Guinea
Eritrea
Mali
United
Rep
ublic
Tanz
ania
Sources: DHS, MICS, National Social Protection Monitoring Survey and SHHS, 1997-2012
Notes: Data on attitudes for Yemen refer to ever-married girls and women. In Liberia, girls and women who have heard of the Sande society were asked whether they were members; this provides indirect information on FGM/C since it is performed during initiation into the society. Data on daughters for Iraq refer to ever-married girls and women with at least one daughter who has undergone FGM/C. Data on attitudes for Ghana are from MICS 2006, for Nigeria from DHS 2008, and for Sierra Leone from DHS 2008 as data from the most recently available MICS surveys are not comparable. In Liberia, only cutgirls and women were asked about their attitudes towards FGM/C; since girls and women from practising communities are more likely to support the practice, the level of support in this country as captured by the DHS 2007 is higher than would be anticipated had all girls and women been asked their opinion.