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Transcript of Solutions
Objectives• Describe interparticle forces
• Determine strongest interparticle force for a given compound
• Solve solution problems involving concentrations of molarity and mass/volume %
• Describe diffusion and osmosis
• Calculate osmolarity
Homework: Chapter 8 reading and problems, Quiz 10
Solutions
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8QsLUO_tgQ&feature=related
• Like dissolves like
• What forces hold together ions, molecules in liquid and solid state?
Interparticle Forces
Molecule Polar or Nonpolar?
Molar Mass
Boiling PointC
Inter-particleForce
44 -57
44 -42
44 21
46 78
74 117
102 158
LiCl 42 1382
C OO
CH2 CH3CH3
C OCH3
H
CH2 OCH3 H
CH2 OCH2 HCH2CH3
CH2 OCH2 HCH2CH2CH2CH3
Interparticle Forces
AlkanesDispersion
Forces
http://intro.chem.okstate.edu/1515SP01/Lecture/Chapter12/LondonDisp.html
AldehydesDipole-Dipole
http://chemmovies.unl.edu/ChemAnime/DIPOLED/DIPOLED.html
Hydrogen Bonding
http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/biology1111/animations/hydrogenbonds.html
Molecule Polar or Nonpolar?
Molar Mass
Boiling PointC
Inter-particleForce
44 -57
44 -42
44 21
46 78
74 117
102 158
LiCl 42 1382
C OO
CH2 CH3CH3
C OCH3
H
CH2 OCH3 H
CH2 OCH2 HCH2CH3
CH2 OCH2 HCH2CH2CH2CH3
Interparticle Forces
Like Dissolves Like
• Ionic compounds in water
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JXwuPQ7rN3k
Suppose you had 58.44 grams of NaCl and you dissolved it in exactly 2.00 L of solution. What would be the molarity of the solution?
Solution Concentration
What is the concentration in percent mass/volume of 150 mL of solution containing 30 g of solute?
Solution Concentration
A solution is made by dissolving 3.00 mol of NaClin enough water to make 1.00 L of solution.
A) What is the molarity of the solution?
B) What is the osmolarity of the solution?
IV Solutions: Osmolarity
Calculate the milliosmolarity of an IV solution which is 5% hydrous dextrose, with the formula C6H12O6H2O (GMW = 198.20) and 0.9% NaCl. Hydrous dextrose is a nonelectrolyte.
1. For each solute, calculate the number of moles & number of osmoles.
IV Solution Labels: Calculating Osmolarity with Several Solutes
Calculate the milliosmolarity of an IV solution which is 5% hydrous dextrose, with the formula C6H12O6H2O (GMW = 198.20 g). Hydrous dextrose is a nonelectrolyte.
2. Total the osmoles
3. Convert to mOsmole
IV Solution Labels: CalcuatingOsmolarity with Several Solutes