Solution Concentrations & Preparation

Defining a SolutionSolutions: are __________ mixtures that contain

at least one ______ and one _______.

Homogeneous mixtures: have the same uniform _________ and _________ throughout.

Heterogeneous mixtures: have ______ ______ substances or phases.

Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?AirAntifreezeVinegarOrange juiceRed wineHousehold hydrogen peroxideGasolineMilk

Classifying SolutionsBy phase

______ in liquid______ in liquid______ in gas______ in solid

By SolventAqueous Polar/Non-polar

By Conductivity______conductivityNonconductive

By pHAcid_____Neutral

Solute-solution __________ attractive forces must be _____to or stronger than solute-solute and solution-solution.

______Solvents (e.g.Water)Dipole-dipole_________

Non-polar solventsInduced dipole only

____dissolves ____!

Explaining Solutions

Solution ConcentrationConcentration

A ratio of the amount of _____in a given solution

Concentration (c) = quantity of _____ quantity of _______

Solution ConcentrationPercent Concentration

By ________(% V/V)______by ______(% W/V)By _______(% W/W)

Parts per…____ppb

Molar ConcentrationsMol/L

Percent by Volume c =

Ex. Vinegar is as 5.00% acetic acid by volume. How many mL of pure acetic acid is there in a 750 mL bottle of vinegar?cCH3COOH = vsolute

750mL

5mL = vsolute

100mL 750mL vsolute = (5mL) (750mL)

100mL vsolute = _________

Make sure when you are showing your concentrations as a percent to include %V/V.

Percent Weight by Volumec =

Ex. A company wants to make 3.00% W/V hydrogen

peroxide. They have 70g of pure hydrogen peroxide. How many L of solution would they need? cH2O2 = 70g

vsolution

3g = 70g 100mL vsolution

vsolution = (70g) (100mL) 3g

vsolution = _______ = _____

Make sure when you are showing your concentrations as a percent to include %W/V.

Therefore,

Percent by Weightc =

Ex. A small bronze statue is made of 23g of tin and

216g of copper. What is the percent concentration by weight of tin in this statue? ctin = msolute x100%

msolution

ctin = 23g x100%

239g ctin = _________

Parts per… Can be used to represent a weight by

________ratios and weight by ________ratios:

1ppm = 1g/_____ 1g/1000L 1mg/L 1mg/1kg 1___/g

Parts per…The average concentration of BPA in humans is

0.02ppm. What is the mass of BPA that could be in a 75kg individual?

cBPA = msolute

msolution

msolute = (0.02mg) (75kg)

kg msolute = Therefore,

Molar ConcentrationsMolar concentration (M) =

Ex. Your experiment yields 0.235 moles of sodium hydroxide in a 0.550L solution. What is the concentration of NaOH?

MNaOH = nNaOH

vsolution(L)

MNaOH = 0.235mol

0.55L MNaOH =__________

Therefore the concentration would be________

Molar ConcentrationsEx. You will require 750mL of 0.250mol/L CuSO4 for your

next experiment. What mass of solid CuSO4 will you need? CCuSO4 =

CCuSO4 = nCuSO4

0.750L 0.250mol = nCuSO4

L 0.750L nCuSO4 = (0.250mol) (0.750L)

L nCuSO4 = _________

Molar ConcentrationsEx. Your will require 750mL of 0.250mol/L CuSo4 for

your next experiment. What mass of solid CuSO4 will you need? (cont.)

nCuSO4 = 0.19mol

nCuSO4 = mCuSO4

MMCuSO4

MMCuSO4=

0.19mol = mCuSO4

________

mCuSO4 = (0.19mol) (161.7g/mol) = 30.343g

=_________

For future connectionsMolar concentration is also referred to as

_________(M).

A solution labeled 1M would be referred to as “one molar” and would have a _______of 1mol/L

HomeworkDue for Tuesday:

pg 284#1,2-5, 7pg 287# 11,12pg 288# 17pg 290# 21, 22