Solids and Gases in Liquids. Describe the effect of solutes on vapour pressure of solvent. ...
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Transcript of Solids and Gases in Liquids. Describe the effect of solutes on vapour pressure of solvent. ...
![Page 1: Solids and Gases in Liquids. Describe the effect of solutes on vapour pressure of solvent. Describe the effect of solutes on boiling point of the.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103101/5697c0051a28abf838cc4c8b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Solids and Gases in Liquids
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· Describe the effect of solutes on vapour pressure of solvent.
· Describe the effect of solutes on boiling point of the solvent.
· Describe the effect of solutes on freezing point of solvent.
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The solubility of gases in water decreases with increased temperature.
As kinetic energy of the dissolved gas particles increases, particles overcome attraction forces.
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Increasing pressure increases the solubility of a gas in a liquid.
Forces gas particles into contact with the liquid - increasing the force of attraction - dissolves.
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Colligative Properties:
Physical properties of solutions that are affected by the number (not identity) of solute particles dissolved.
Vapour Pressure/ Boiling point / Freezing point
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At equilibrium the pressure created by the vapour is called vapour pressure.
In a closed container, a liquid will reach equilibrium between evaporation and condensation.
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The solute prevents some solvent particles from reaching surface.
Particles only evaporate from the surface - fewer solvent particles are able to evaporate.
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The solute prevents some solvent particles from receiving the energy required to boil.
This increases the temperature at which the solvent boils (boiling point elevation).
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The presence of solute interferes with the solvent particles forming a crystal during freezing.
CaCl2 - used in Canada, dissolves exothermically (melts even more ice) and forms 3 ions.
Solvent particles must slow down more to link together to form a crystal - colder temperature.
(freezing point depression)
Na
Cl
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· Increase temperature decreases gas solubility
· Increase pressure increases gas solubility,
· Vapour pressure of solvent decreases with solute added.
· Boiling point of the solvent increases with solute added.
· Freezing point of solvent decreases with solute added.