Solid Waste Public Health Concerns
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Transcript of Solid Waste Public Health Concerns
Solid WastePublic Health Concerns
Jeremiah JohnsonChi Vuong
Overview
• Introduction• Developed countries overview• Developing countries overview• Solutions
Introduction
Past to early 19th Century
First half of the 20th Century
Last half of the 20th Century to present
No regulated dumping;
Open dumps
Breeding rodents, insects
Buried dump sites; mainly nonhazardous
More sanitary, less
contamination
Change in waste content,
hazardous waste
300 million metric
tons/year;space
Developed Countries Overview
• Public health concern-diseases
• Risks- substances, contamination etc.• Solid Waste Management
– Methods– Impact– Regulations
Public Health Concern
• Vectors: - flies - mosquitoes (yellow fever, malaria) - rats (32) - swine (pathogens)
Solid Waste Management
• Feed to swine• Dump into bodies of water• Open burning• Dumps or tips• Sanitary landfill (U.S., England, Germany) • Army’s Corp of Engineers (bullclam) • compaction, cover, liners
Common Landfill Layout
Impact of Landfills
• Leachate and gases• Scarce land• Health Effects (adverse pregnancy
outcomes, liver function)
U.S. Regulations
• 1899 River and Harbors Act• 1965 Solid Waste Disposal Act• 1970 National Environmental Policy Act
(EPA)• 1976 Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act
Developing Countries Overview
• Public health concern• Risks- substances, contamination etc.• Solid Waste Management
– Environmental justice- hazardous waste– Cost of disposal
• Aiding developing countries
Developing Countries
• Public Health Concern– Homes-
Drifting Along the Shores
Solutions
• The catchy phrase: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
• Source Reduction in Industry• Consumer pay as you throw programs
– Implemented in 7.2% of GA communities– Implemented in over 50% of communities in
MA, WI, IA, and NH– Implemented in 100% of communities in WA,
OR, and MN
Sources• Race, Wealth, and Solid Waste Facilities in North Carolina
Jennifer M. Norton,1 Steve Wing,1 Hester J. Lipscomb,2 Jay S. Kaufman,1 Stephen W. Marshall,1 and Altha J. Cravey3
1Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;2Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA;3Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
• Title Slide Image http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Solid_waste_used_to_build_a_road.jpg/800px-Solid_waste_used_to_build_a_road.jpg
• Sustainable Solid Waste http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPHAAG/Resources/AAGEHEng.pdf
Sources
• 2006 Pay as You Throw Programs http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/payt/06comm.htm
• Cointreu, Sandra. Occupational and Environmental Health Issues of Solid Waste Management. World Bank Group. July 2006.
• Holy Bible, 23 Deuteronomy 12-13
Sources
• Vesilind, P. Aarne. Worrell, William. Reinhart, Debra. Solid Waste Engineering, 2002
• A Brief History of Solid Waste Management in the US During the Last 50 Years by H. Lanier Hickman, Jr. and Richard W. Eldredge. 2000.
Sources• Investigating Health Concerns in populations living near
the Cleanaway landfill in Tallamarine. 2006.http://www.health.vic.gov.au/environment/downloads/tulla_report.pdf
• Vrijheid, Martine. Health Effects of Residence Near Hazardous Waste Landfill Sites: A Review of Epidemiologic Literature. March 2002. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov
• Slide Image: http://www.metrokc.gov/dnr/kidsweb/images/landfill_diagram.gif