Dept. Of Civil EngineeringErode Sengunthar Engineering CollegeThudupathi. Erode.

IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE ON ENVIRONMENT

ANDITS MANAGEMENT

Presentedby

M. MAHESHL. POOVENDRAN

ERODE SENGUNTHAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this Paper is to understand the process of solid waste management and the ill effects of solid waste to the environment if not treated Properly

WHAT IS SOLID WASTE…? Any material that is thrown away which is

unwanted and useless is consider as solid waste.

Eg: Sludge, Garbage, discarded materials, house hold wastes

What is the need for Management…?Indian cities / towns generate on an average 300 – 400 gm per capita per day. The waste generation of corporation is 643 MT / day.

Without proper management, municipal solid waste become a severe threat to the communities living nearby.

Solid Wast

e

Organic• Kitchen

Waste• Agro Waste• Animal

Waste

Recyclables

• Plastic & Paper

• Metals • Glass

Inert• Sand• Pebbles• Gravels

TYPES OF SOLID WASTE

GENERAL COMPOSITION OF THE MSW

Bio Degrad

able50%

Recy-clables

20%

Inerts22%Others

8%

SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE

1.Residential Waste2. Commercial Waste3. Industrial Waste4. Open areas Waste5. Treatment Waste6.Agricultural Waste

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT DUE TO IMPROPER DISPOSAL

Improper collection and disposal result in increased disease transmission.

The improper handling of medical waste can harm workers.

When organic wastes are disposed in landfills, they become significant sources of methane.

Mosquitoes breed in blocked drains and in rainwater that is retained in discarded cans, tire and other objects.

Uncollected wastes often end up in drains, causing blockages that result in flooding and unsanitary conditions.

Methane is more effective than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas, leading to climate change.

Polluted water flowing from waste dumps and disposal sites can cause serious pollution of water supplies, ponds and lakes.

Contd../..

DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE OLDEN METHODS

Burning process Open dumping

o Dumping on lando Dumping in water

MODERN METHODS Incineration Land fills Compositing

o Aerobic compostingo Anaerobic compostingo Vermi composting

Recycle

BURNING PROCESS

It is undesirable due to smoke, objectionable odors and the chemicals emanate from burning.

OPEN DUMPING

Open dumping of solid waste is done in low-lying areas and outskirts of the towns and cities.

This method of disposal is extensively used in India.

Open dumping requires large land areas, which further leads to the problem of land shortage for human habitation.

OPEN DUMPING ON LAND

Dumping on land was a simple task to haul solid wastes to the edge of town.

Open dumps also attracted flies and rats that spread diseases.

OPEN DUMPING ON WATER

It was used in coastal areas, in spite of that it was not favored because of pollution

This haphazard disposal became a matter of great concern to public health authorities.

MODERN DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE

INCINERATION DUMP SITES (LAND FILLS) COMPOSITING RECYCLING

INCINERATION

It is the process of that treats waste though combustion of organic materials.

The waste products are turned into ash, particulates, flue gases and heat that can also be used to generate electric power.

It can be used to reduce the original volume of combustible solid wastes by 80-90%.

Hospital waste may be safely disposed by this process.

ADVANTAGES OF INCENERATION

Saves Money on Transport of waste

Production of Energy from waste

Formation of gases are totally eliminated

LANDFILL

The wastes to be disposed off are compacted and covered with the layer of soil.

Solid wastes are placed in alternate layers of 80cm thick refuse covered with selected earth fill of 20cm thickness.

After two or three years, solid waste volume shrinks by 25-30% .

ADVANTAGES OF LAND FILL

A specific location for disposal

It can be reclaimed, built on or used as parks or farming land.

Waste going to a properly designed landfills can be processed to remove all recyclable materials before tipping.

Capture the natural gas (methane) produced by the decomposing material underground.

Availability of Renewable Source Energy

COMPOSTING

Composting is the method in which organic matter in the solid waste is converted into humus and stable mineral by biological action.

Types of Composting Aerobic composting: - This means to compost with

air. High nitrogen waste (like grass clippings or other green material)

Anaerobic composting: - This is composting without air. Anaerobic composting is low maintenance since you simply throw it in a pile and wait a couple years.

Vermi composting: - This is most beneficial for composting food waste. Along with red worms, this includes composting with bacteria, fungi, insects, and other bugs.

COMPOSTING

1 = Water level2 = Well concrete rings3 = motor4 = methane gas holder5 = gas outlet

Vermi composting

Aerobic An aerobic

COMPOSTING %

ADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITING Saleable Product Destruction of pathogens Reduces mass and volume Improved transportability Soil conditioner Land application is convenient Improves nutrient qualities Decreases pollutants

RECYCLING

Recycling is one of the most economical methods of controlling pollution.

Recycling is a much abused term, generally taken to mean getting something back from waste.

Recycling falls into three main categories, 1.Re-use 2.Reduce 3. Recycle

CASE STUDY : SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ERODE

    The compost yard for Erode Municipality is situated at Vendipalayam. 5km from Municipal Office. 

It is about 19 acres in square area     About 110 Mt to 135 Mt of Municipal garbage is dumped in the

Compost yard for the past 25 years without any treatment and segregation.

Now it is proposed to compost the segregated degradable waste and to make manure from already half-composted.  Old dumped garbage.

This project is implemented with the advices and guidance's from the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. 

ERODE COMPOSITE YARD – VENDI PALAYAM

ADOPT THE 3’R PRINCIPLE

ENCOURAGE THE USE OF COMPOST RATHER THAN CHEMICAL FERTILIZER.

RAISE AWARENESS AMONG THE PUBLIC THROUGH VARIOUS TRAINING AND INTERACTIVE PROGRAM.

WHAT CAN WE DO?

REFERENCE http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/wte/typ/clas/msw.html

http://erodecorp.tn.gov.in

http://www.avma.org/issues/environment/wastedisposal/definitions.asp#UniversalWaste