Solid Libre
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Transcript of Solid Libre
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis ofa Solid Lug
Objectives:
• Using solid element; element type SOLID186.
• Create a solid lug.
• Compare the computation time of following cases:
– Nonlinear SOLID186, TARGE170 and CONTA174
– Linear PLANE182 and LINK1
• Review the results
DISCLAIMER: This module is based on the example problem presented in MSC.Natran 120 Exercise Workbook - Release 9.0.
However, a number of modifications is made to tailor the need of ANSYS 9.0.
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Model Description
Figure 1 shows the CN-235 turboprop aircraft. The aircraft has four lugs connecting the
wing to the fuselage. Figure 2 is a geometric representation of the lug shown on the title
page. Also shown are the pin-bearing load scenario that will be considered.
Figure 1: The CN-235 has four lugs connecting the wing to the fuselage.
R5
R2.5
15.0
1.0 psi
t = 1.0
Figure 2: The simplified lug and its loading conditions.
FEG 2
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Pre-Processing Phase:
1. Define some parameters: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Parameters ⊲ Scalar Parameters
Selection PI = ACOS(-1.0)
Accept
2. Select an element type: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Element Type ⊲ Add/Edit/Delete
Add
Solid 20node 186
OK
Close
3. Define material properties: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Material Props ⊲ Material Models
Structural ⊲ Linear ⊲ Elastic ⊲ Isotropic
EX 10.0E+06
PRXY 0.3
OK
Material ⊲ Exit
4. Create two rectangles: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Modeling ⊲ Create ⊲ Areas ⊲ Rectangle ⊲ By 2 Corners
WP X 0.0
FEG 3
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
WP Y 0.0
Width 5.0
Height 5.0
Apply
WP X 5.0
WP Y 0.0
Width 10.0
Height 5.0
OK
5. Create two circles: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Modeling ⊲ Create ⊲ Area ⊲ Circl ⊲ Partial Annulus
WP X 0.0
WP Y 0.0
Rad-1 0.0
Theta-1 0.0
Rad-2 5.0
Theta-2 180
Apply
WP X 0.0
WP Y 0.0
Rad-1 0.0
Theta-1 0.0
Rad-2 2.5
Theta-2 180
FEG 4
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
OK
6. Turn on some entities numbers: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
PlotCtrls ⊲ Numbering
LINE Line numbers ⊠ on
AREA Area numbers ⊠ on
NODE Node numbers ⊠ on
OK
7. Add Area A1 and Area A3: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessing ⊲ Modeling ⊲ Operate ⊲ Booleans ⊲ Add ⊲ Areas
< Pick Areas A1 and A3 >
OK
You should see the new area which has a number of A5
8. Substract Area A5 by A4: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessing ⊲ Modeling ⊲ Operate ⊲ Booleans ⊲ Substract ⊲ Areas
< Pick Area A5 >
OK
< Pick Area A4 >
OK
You should see the new area which has a number of A1
9. Merges coincident Keypoints: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Numbering Ctrls ⊲ Merge Items
FEG 5
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Label Type of item to be merge Keypoints
OK
After the substraction and merging the coincident keypoints, we obtain a model, pre-
sented in Fig. 3, that has two areas: A1 and A2.
Figure 3: The model after the area substraction and merging of the coincident nodes.
10. Create two keypoints: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Modeling ⊲ Create ⊲ Keypoints ⊲ In Active CS
NPT Keypoint number 100
X, Y, Z Location in active CS 0.0 0.0 0.0
Apply
NPT Keypoint number 200
X,Y,Z Location in active CS 5.0*COS(3/4*PI) 5.0*SIN(3/4*PI) 0
OK
FEG 6
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
11. Create three lines: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Modeling ⊲ Create ⊲ Lines ⊲ Lines ⊲ Straight line
< Pick Keypoints: 100, and then 200 >
< Pick Keypoints: 100, and then 4 >
< Pick Keypoints: 100, and then 3 >
Cancel
12. Cut the Area A1 into two areas: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessing ⊲ Modeling ⊲ Operate ⊲ Booleans ⊲ Divide ⊲ Area by Line
< Pick Area A1 >
OK
< Pick Line L1 >
Apply
You should see the new area of Area A4. Cut the area by Line L8:
< Pick Area A4 >
OK
< Pick Line L8 >
Apply
You should see the new area of Area A5. Cut the area by Line L10:
< Pick Area A5 >
OK
< Pick Line L10 >
OK
FEG 7
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Figure 4: The lug model that breaking down into five areas.
13. Control the mesh density: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Meshing ⊲ MeshTool
Lines Set
Pick All
NDIV No. of element divisions 4
Apply
< Pick Lines L5 and L7 >
NDIV No. of element divisions 6
OK
Close
14. Extrude the areas: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Modeling ⊲ Operate ⊲ Extrude ⊲ Areas ⊲ By XYZ Offset
FEG 8
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Pick All
DX,DY,DZ Offsets for extrusion 0.0 0.0 0.5
OK
15. Merges coincident Keypoints: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Numbering Ctrls ⊲ Merge Items
Label Type of item to be merge Keypoints
OK
16. Change the viewpoint to the isometric viewpoint: ANSYS Toolbars
< Click >
17. Sweep mesh all volumes: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Meshing ⊲ Mesh ⊲ Volume Sweep ⊲ Sweep
Pick All
Note ◮ A pin having a radius of 2.5 in (See following figure) is inserted into
the lug hole to prevent the lug being moved when an uniform stress is
applied onto the lug right end. Therefore, the target elements must be
installed onto the surface of the lug hole, and the contact element must
be installed onto the surface of the pin surface. Those nodes in the
area where the target and the contact elements will be created should
be grouped for simplicity.
Pin
Lug
Target elements Contact elements
18. Change the active coordinate system: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
FEG 9
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Figure 5: The meshed lug.
Workplane ⊲ Change Active CS To ⊲ Global Cylindrical
19. Select and groups nodes: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Select ⊲ Entities
Nodes
By Location
• X coordinates
Min, Max 2.5, 2.5
Apply
Plot
OK
Group those nodes:
Select ⊲ Comp/Assembly ⊲ Create Component
Cname Component name cNodeTarget
FEG 10
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Entity Component is made of Nodes
Close
20. Change the active coordinate system: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Workplane ⊲ Change Active CS To ⊲ Global Cartesian
21. Activate everything: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Select ⊲ Everything
22. Create a quarter of a solid cylinder: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Modeling ⊲ Create ⊲ Volumes ⊲ Cylinder ⊲ Partial Cylinder
WP X 0.0
WP Y 0.0
Rad-1 0.0
Theta-1 0.0
Rad-2 2.5
Theta-2 90
Depth 0.5
OK
23. Before we mesh the quarter solid cylinder, we should bring the volume into our focus,
and removes all other volumes: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Select ⊲ Entities
Volumes
OK
< Click the quarter of a cylinder >
FEG 11
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
A quarter of a cylinder
Figure 6: A quarter of a solid cylinder for modeling the pin.
OK
Now, select all lines and areas constructed the volume:
Select ⊲ Below ⊲ Selected Volumes
Plot ⊲ Lines
You should obtain a figure as shown in Fig. 7. Before we mesh the volume, similar
to the meshing of the previous volume, we should control the mesh density along the
boundary; in this case, mesh density on lines: L36, L36, and L40.
Figure 7: The quarter of a cylinder.
24. Control mesh density on lines L36, L37, and L40; and mesh the new volume: ANSYS
Main Menu
FEG 12
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Preprocessor ⊲ Meshing ⊲ MeshTool
Lines Set
< Click Line L40 >
NDIV No. of element divisions 8
Apply
< Click Line L36 and L37 >
NDIV No. of element divisions 6
OK
Mesh: Volumes
Shape: • Hex/Wedge
Shape: • Sweep
Sweep
< Click the volume >
Close
You should obtain a finite element mesh similar to that depicted in Fig. 8. In addition,
you should reflect the mesh to obtain a meshed half cylinder.
Figure 8: The meshed of the quarter of a cylinder.
FEG 13
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
25. Reflect the volume and all elements within the volume: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Modeling ⊲ Reflect ⊲ Volumes
< Click the volumes >
OK
NOELEM Items to be reflected Volume and mesh
OK
26. Plot the elements: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Plot ⊲ Elements
You should obtain a mesh similar to that shown in Fig. 9. As you can see, there are
a number of coincidents nodes, encircled noded in the figure; therefore, those nodes
should be merged.
Figure 9: The coincident nodes, encircled nodes, on the half cylinder
27. Merge the coincident nodes: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Numbering Ctrls ⊲ Merge Items
Label Type of item to be merge Nodes
OK
28. Change the active coordinate system: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
FEG 14
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Workplane ⊲ Change Active CS To ⊲ Global Cylindrical
29. Select and groups nodes: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Select ⊲ Entities
Nodes
By Location
• X coordinates
Min, Max 2.5, 2.5
Apply
Plot
OK
30. Group those nodes: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Select ⊲ Comp/Assembly ⊲ Create Component
Cname Component name cNodeContact
Entity Component is made of Nodes
Close
31. Change the active coordinate system: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Workplane ⊲ Change Active CS To ⊲ Global Cartesian
32. Activate everything: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Select ⊲ Everything
Plot ⊲ Areas
You should obtain a solid model of a pinned lug (see Fig. 10).
FEG 15
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Figure 10: The solid model of a pinned lug.
33. Select everything: ANSYS Puldown Menu
Select ⊲ Everything
Plot ⊲ Elements
Note ◮ We have two groups of nodes: cNodeTarget and cNodeContact. Therefore,
we now are ready to create both the target elements and the contact
elements. ANSYS 9.0 has a wizard to automatically create both type
of elements: TARGE170 and CONTA174.
34. Create the target elements and the contact elements: ANSYS Main Menu
Preprocessor ⊲ Modeling ⊲ Create ⊲ Contact Pair
Press this button to start the wizard
for creating the contact and
the target elements
FEG 16
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Select the target nodes
1
2
1
2
Select the contact nodes
FEG 17
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Close the wizard.
Solution Phase
1. Define the analysis type: ANSYS Main Menu
Solution ⊲ Analysis Type ⊲ New Analysis
[ANTYPE] Type of analysis: • Static
OK
2. Activate the front view: ANSYS Toolbars
< Click >
3. Select and grouping the nodes: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
FEG 18
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Select ⊲ Entities
Nodes
By Location
• Y coordinates
0, 0
Apply
Plot
Select ⊲ Entities ⊲ Comp/Assembly ⊲ Create Components
Cname Component name cNodeBottom
Entity Component is made of Nodes
Apply
• X coordinates
0, 0
• Resellect
Apply
Plot
Select ⊲ Entities ⊲ Comp/Assembly ⊲ Create Components
Cname Component name cNodeCenter
Entity Component is made of Nodes
OK
Select ⊲ Entities
• Z coordinates
0, 0
Apply
FEG 19
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Plot
Select ⊲ Entities ⊲ Comp/Assembly ⊲ Create Components
Cname Component name cNodeFront
Entity Component is made of Nodes
Apply
Select ⊲ Everything
Plot ⊲ Nodes
4. Apply the boundary condition: ANSYS Main Menu
Solution ⊲ Define Loads ⊲ Apply ⊲ Structural ⊲ Displacement ⊲ On Nodes Compo-
nents
• List of Items cNodeBottom
Apply
Lab2 DOFs to be constrained UY
Apply
• List of Items cNodeFront
Apply
Lab2 DOFs to be constrained UZ
Apply
• List of Items cNodeCenter
Apply
Lab2 DOFs to be constrained ALL DOF
OK
FEG 20
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
5. Activate the isometric view: ANSYS Toolbars
< Click >
6. Apply the uniform pressure: ANSYS Main Menu
Solution ⊲ Define Loads ⊲ Apply ⊲ Structural ⊲ Pressure ⊲ On Area
< Click Area A13 >
OK
VALUE Load PRES value -100.0
OK
Note ◮ If you have done any selection command, for example, selecting certain
lines, nodes, elements or so on, you should remember to reselect entire
model before the run.
7. Activate everything: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Select ⊲ Everything
8. Solve the problem: ANSYS Main Menu
Solution ⊲ Solve ⊲ Current LS
OK
Close
Post Processing Phase
1. Plot deformation: ANSYS Main Menu
General Postproc ⊲ Plot Results ⊲ Deformed Shape
FEG 21
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
KUND Items to be plotted: • Def shape only
OK
The result is shown Fig. 11; in the left-top corner, it tells that the DMX, the maximum
displacement, is 0.474E-03 in.
Figure 11: The deformation of a pinned lug.
2. Plot the von-Mises stress of a partial model:
(a) Activate the isometric view: ANSYS Toolbars
< Click >
(b) Activate the area number: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
PlotCtrls ⊲ Numbering
AREA Area numbers ⊠ on
(c) Select the volumes: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Select ⊲ Entities
Volumes
OK
< Click A5 and A16 >
OK
FEG 22
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
(d) Select everything within the volumes: ANSYS Pulldown Menu
Select ⊲ Everything Below ⊲ Selected Volumes
(e) Plot the stress: ANSYS Main Menu
General Postproc ⊲ Plot Results ⊲ Nodal Solu
Nodal Solution ⊲ Stress ⊲ von Misses stress
OK
Figure 12: The von-Mises stress of the partial model.
3. The appendix presents a different approach that utilizes a linear solution PLANE183 and
LINK1. the results are compared in the table.
Table 1: ComparisonComputation Time (s) σx at a node (psi)
0.2778E-03 44.220.3611E-02 (13× longer) 43.85
Batch Mode
Preamble:
/clear ! Delete everything
/view, 1, 1, 1, 1, ! Change the view to isometric view
PI = acos(-1.0) ! Define a constant of PI
FEG 23
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
Figure 13: the von-Mises stress for PLANE183 and LINK1 elements
Pre-Processing Phase
1. Enter the preprocessing phase:
/prep7 ! Enter preprocessing phase
The GUI counterpart of the above command is
ANSYS Main Menu ⊲ Preprocessor
2. Select an element type:
et, 1, solid186 ! Select 20 nodes solid186 element type
3. Define the material properties:
mp, ex, 1, 10.0E+06 ! Young’s modulus
mp, nuxy, 1, 0.3 ! Poisson’s ratio
4. Create some areas:
rectng, 0.0, 5.0, 0.0, 5.0 ! Create a rectangle; has a number of A1
rectng, 5.0, 15.0, 0, 5 ! Create a rectangle; has a number of A2
pcirc, 0.0, 5.0, 90, 180 ! Create a half circle; has a number of A3
pcirc, 0.0, 2.5, 0, 180 ! Create a half circle; has a number of A4
5. Joint areas and cut the hole:
aadd, 1, 3 ! Add A1 with A3, produces A5
asba, 5, 4 ! Cut A5 with A4, produces A1
Only two areas are left: A1 and A2.
FEG 24
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
6. Some Keypoints reside in the same locations; therefore, joint them:
nummrg, kp
Joining the keypoints will also joint the lines connecting those keypoints.
7. Create two Keypoints:
k, 100, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
k, 200, 5.0*cos(0.75*PI), 5.0*sin(0.75*PI), 0.0
8. Create three lines:
l, 100, 200 ! visual check, L1
l, 100, kp(0.0, 5.0, 0.0) ! visual check, L8
l, 100, kp(5.0, 5.0, 0.0) ! visual check; L10
Note ◮ The kp is an intrinstic function that returns the number of the keypoint
at a given location. The complete command is
presentKeypoint = kp(x, y, z)
As you may guess, to get the node number at a given location (x, y, z),
the intrinsic function is
presentNode = node(x, y, z)
9. Cut the area:
asbl, 1, 1 ! Divides A1 with L1; produces A4 (visual check)
asbl, 4, 8 ! Divides A4 with L8; produces A5 (visual check)
asbl, 5, 10 ! Divides A5 with L10; produces A1 (visual check)
10. Control the mesh-size:
lesize, all, , , 4 ! Break down all lines into 4 elements
lesize, 5, , , 6 ! For L5 and L7, use 6 elements
lesize, 7, , , 6 !
11. Create volumes:
voffst, 1, 0.5*1.0 ! Offset A1 to form a volume
voffst, 2, 0.5*1.0 ! Offset A2 to form a volume
voffst, 3, 0.5*1.0 ! Offset A3 to form a volume
voffst, 4, 0.5*1.0 ! Offset A4 to form a volume
voffst, 6, 0.5*1.0 ! Offset A6 to form a volume
12. Merge the coincident Keypoints:
FEG 25
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
nummrg, kp
13. Mesh all volumes:
vsweep, all ! Mesh all volumes
14. Group some nodes to form creating target elements:
csys, 1 ! Activate the cylidrical coordinate system
nsel, , loc, x, 2.5, 2.5 ! Select nodes at location r = 2.5
cm, cNodeTarget, node ! Groups those nodes, the group name is cNodeTarget
csys, 0 ! Activate the cartesian coordinate system
alls ! Select everything
15. Create a quarter of volume for making the pin:
cyl4, , , 0.0, 0.0, 2.5, 90, 0.5*1.0 ! Create a quarter cylinder, V6
16. Mesh the pin:
lesize, 40, , , 8 ! 8 elements on L40; needs visual check
lesize, 37, , , 6 ! 6 elements on L37; needs visual check
lesize, 36, , , 6 ! 6 elements on L36; needs visual check
vsweep, 6 ! Mesh volume V6
17. Reflect the volumes and the elements
vsymm, x, 6 ! Create V7 and also elements
18. Merge the coincident nodes on the pin:
vsel, , volu,, 6 ! Select V6
vsel, a, volu,, 7 ! In addition, select V7
nslv,, 1 ! Select nodes on selected volumes, in this case V6 and V7
nummrg, node ! Joint the coincident nodes
19. Group the nodes
csys, 1 ! Activate the cylindrical coordinate system
nsel, , loc, x, 2.5, 2.5 ! Select nodes on location r = 2.5
cm, cNodeContact, node ! Group those nodes, the name is cNodeContact
csys, 0 ! Activate the Cartesian coordinate system
alls ! Select everything
20. Create the target elements:
FEG 26
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
et, 2, targe170 ! Create element type of targe170
nsel,, node,, cNodeTarget ! Select nodes: cNodeTarget
esln, s, 0 ! Select the elements attached to those nodes
esurf ! Create targe170 elements
Note ◮ The command esln allows us to select elements for a given selected
nodes. The command is mnemonic of Elements SeLected Nodes. There-
fore, it is logical to speculate the existence of : nsll (nodes selected
lines), nslv (nodes selected volumes), nsle (nodes selected elements),
esln (elements selected nodes), and so on; including the best one, of
course, is wslf (wife selected by fate).
21. Create the contact elements:
et, 3, conta174 ! Create element type of conta174
nsel,, node,, cNodeContact ! Select nodes: cNodeContact
esln, s, 0 ! Select the elements attached to those nodes
esurf ! Create conta174 elements
alls ! Select everything
22. Leave the pre-processing phase:
finish ! Get out the preprocessing phase
Solution
1. Enter the solution phase:
/solu
2. Select the analysis type:
antype, static
3. Apply the boundary constraints:
nsel,, loc, y, 0.0, 0.0 ! Select nodes at location y = 0.0
dsym, symm, y ! Apply the constraints on those nodes
nsel, r, loc, x, 0.0, 0.0 ! Reselect the previous selected nodes only at location x = 0.0
d, all ,all ! Apply the constraints on those nodes
nsel,, loc, z, 0.0, 0.0 ! Select nodes at z = 0.0
dsym, symm, z ! Apply the symmetry constraints
FEG 27
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
4. Apply pressure:
asel,, loc, x, 15.0, 15.0 ! Select area at x = 15.0, end of the lug
sfa, all, , pres, -100.0 ! Apply uniform pressure
5. Select everything:
alls ! Select everything
6. Solve
solve
7. Leave the solution phase
finish
Appendix
Code for Linear Analysis
/clear
*afun, deg
pi = acos(-1.0)
/prep7
et, 1, plane183, , , 3
r, 1, 1.0
mp, ex, 1, 10.0E+06
mp, nuxy, 1, 0.3
rectng, 0.0, 5.0, 0.0, 5.0
rectng, 5.0, 15.0, 0, 5
pcirc, 0.0, 5.0, 90, 180
pcirc, 0.0, 2.5, 0, 180
aadd, 1, 3
asba, 5, 4
nummrg, kp
k, 100, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
k, 200, 5.0*cos(0.75*pi), 5.0*sin(0.75*pi), 0.0
l, 100, 200
l, 100, kp(0.0, 5.0, 0.0)
l, 100, kp(5.0, 5.0, 0.0)
asbl, 1, 1
asbl, 4, 8
asbl, 5, 10
lesize, all, , , 4
FEG 28
Module 5: Non-Linear Static Analysis of a Solid Lug
lesize, 5, , , 6
lesize, 7, , , 6
amesh, all
et, 2, link1
r, 2, 100
type, 2
real, 2
n, 1000, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
angleInc = 90/8
angle = 180
iNode = 1000
*do, i, 1, 8
jNode = node( 2.5*cos(angle), 2.5*sin(angle), 0.0 )
e, iNode, jNode
angle = angle - angleInc
*enddo
finish
/solu
type, static
dcum, add
nsel,, loc, y, 0.0, 0.0
dsym, symm, y
nsel, r, loc, x, 0.0, 0.0
d, all ,all
lsel,, loc, x, 15.0, 15.0
sfl, all, pres, -100.0
sftran
alls
*get, timeStart, ACTIVE, 0, time, wall
solve
*get, timeEnd, ACTIVE, 0, time, wall
finish
/post1
nodeOutput = node(0, 5.5, 0.0)
*get, nodeStress, NODE, nodeOutput, S, EQV
*cfopen, output, dat
*vwrite, timeEnd - timeStart, nodeStress
(E15.4, 2X, E15.4)
*cfclose
finish
FEG 29