SOLAR OPERATED WOOD-CUTTER

MADE BY :-------PUSHPENDRA SINGHB.Tech (Mechanical)

Aim of the project• Designing a system which makes the Wood

cutter based motor running through solar energy.

• The mechanised wood-cutter design is according to the present market demand and to fulfil criteria customers needs.

• It should be designed to crest a product in the market so that it will more quality and innovative.

• The project provides learning’s on the following advancements:

• Solar panel characteristics.• Charging circuit.• High torque DC Motor• Rack & Pinion Mechanism

• The major building blocks of this project are:

• Solar panel.• Charging circuit.• Wood/Metal cutter mounted on motor

Block Diagram:

Charging Circuit

Solar Panel

Battery Motor

wood cutter

Switch

Solar Wood Cutter

230V ACPower supply

Solar panel• IT refers to a set of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules electrically connected and

mounted on a supporting structure.

• A PV module is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells. Solar panels can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications.

• A photovoltaic system typically includes a panel or an array of solar modules, an inverter, and sometimes a battery and/or solar tracker and interconnection wiring.

DC motor • It is any of a class of electrical machines that converts direct current

electrical power into mechanical power. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields.

• Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor. Most types produce rotary motion; a linear motor directly produces force and motion in a straight line.

• The advent of power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many applications.

ROLLER BEARING• It is a bearing which carries a load by placing rolling elements (such

as balls or rollers) between two bearing rings called races.

• The relative motion of the races causes the rolling elements to roll with very little rolling resistance and with little sliding.

• Cylindrical roller• Common roller bearings use cylinders of Slightly greater length than diameter.

Roller bearings typically have higher load capacity than ball bearings, but a lower capacity and higher friction under loads perpendicular to the primary supported direction.

rack and pinion • It is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair of gears which convert

rotational motion into linear motion. A circular gear called "the pinion" engages teeth on a linear "gear" bar called "the rack"; rotational motion applied to the pinion causes the rack to move, thereby translating the rotational motion of the pinion into the linear motion of the rack.

• Rack and pinion combinations are often used as part of a simple linear actuator, where the rotation of a shaft powered by hand or by a motor is converted to linear motion.

• For example, in a rack railway, the rotation of a pinion mounted on a locomotive or a railcarengages a rack between the rails and forces a train up a steep slope.

DPDT Switch• DPDT stands for double pole double throw relay. Relay  is an electromagnetic

device used to separate two circuits electrically and connect them magnetically.

• a DPDT relay can also be used to change the polarity at the terminals of a device connected at output.

• For example, to drive a DC motor in both clockwise and anticlockwise directions, following connections can be done

DC motor control circuit using NE555

• A simple DC motor controller circuit using NE555 is shown here. Many DC motor speed control circuits have been published here but this is the first one using NE555 timer IC. In addition to controlling the motors speed its direction of rotation can be also changed using this circuit.

• A PWM circuit based on timer NE555 is the heart of this circuit. NE555 is wired as an a stable multi vibrator whose duty cycle can be adjusted by varying the POT R1. The output of IC1 is coupled to the base of transistor Q1 which drives the motor according to the PWM signal available at its base.

• Higher the duty cycle the average voltage across motor will be high which results in higher motor speed and vice versa. Change of DC motor direction is attained using the DPDT switch S1 which on application just toggles the polarity applied to the motor.

electric battery • An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.

• Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between the electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work.

universal joint• A universal joint, (universal coupling, U-joint, Cardan joint, Hardy-

Spicerjoint, or Hooke's joint) is a joint or coupling in a rigid rod that allows the rod to 'bend' in any direction, and is commonly used in shafts that transmit rotary motion.

• It consists of a pair of hinges located close together, oriented at 90° to each other, connected by a cross shaft.

• The universal joint is not a constant velocity joint.

 hacksaw blade • It is a fine-toothed saw, originally and principally for cutting metal. They can

also cut various other materials, such as plastic and wood; for example, plumbers and electricians often cut plastic pipe and plastic conduit with them. There are hand saw versions and powered versions (power hacksaws).

• Most hacksaws are hand saws with a C-shaped frame that holds a blade under tension. Such hacksaws have a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow disposable blade. The frames may also be adjustable to accommodate blades of different sizes. A screw or other mechanism is used to put the thin blade under tension. 

NUT

• A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used opposite a mating bolt to fasten a stack of parts together.

• The two partners are kept together by a combination of their threads' friction, a slight stretch of the bolt, and compression of the parts.

• The most common shape is hexagonal, for similar reasons as the bolt head - 6 sides give a good granularity of angles.

• Screws and bolts are usually made of steel. Where great resistance to weather or corrosion is required, like in very small screws or medical implants, materials such as stainless steel, brass, titanium, bronze, silicon bronze or monel may be used.

Bolt

• A screw, or bolt, is a type of fastener characterized by a helical ridge, known as a male thread (external thread) or just thread, wrapped around a cylinder. Some screw threads are designed to mate with a complementary thread, known as a female thread (internal thread), often in the form of a nut or an object that has the internal thread formed into it.

• The most common uses of screws are to hold objects together and to position objects.

• Screws and bolts are usually made of steel. Where great resistance to weather or corrosion is required, like in very small screws or medical implants, materials such as stainless steel, brass, titanium, bronze, silicon bronze or monel may be used.

Dowel Pin

• A dowel is a solid cylindrical rod, usually made of wood, plastic, or metal. In its original manufactured form, a dowel is called a dowel rod. Dowel rods are often cut into short lengths called dowel pins.

• To precisely align two objects in a dowel joint: a hole is bored in both objects and the dowel pin is inserted into the aligned hole.

• We have developed various types of Dowel and Taper Pins. They can be Std. Dowel Pin, Straight Dowel Pin, Socket Pin, Grooved Pin, Under Cut Pin, Internal & External Thread Dowel Pin/Taper Pin (Only against Order).

Layout of project

Snapshot

Main Elements

PART NAME

DC MotorUniversal JointRoller BearingSolar PanelBatteryDPDT SwitchHacksaw BladeRack & PinionTool HolderNut & BoltDowel PinGuide BarClampBase Plate

QUANTITY

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Price tag parts cost(In Rs.)• DENSO 12 VOLT DC MOTOR 1400• 12V 3 Amp Rechargeable Battery 700 • Ajay Universal Joint 86 2500 Overall Length: 75 mm• BIPICO Hacksaw Blade 640• Auto axle Steering Rack Pinion  846 1000 CC SM 2705• IFI Tech Super Bright 3 W Solar Panel 1480• 6-pin Toggle DPDT On-off-on Switch 280• Auto micro- controller circuit PCB (scada) 1500 • 6201-ZZ Radial Ball Bearing 220 12X32X10• Gas Welding 150• Cast Iron frame (7kg) 490

Report Outline