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SOLAR WATER DISTLLATION
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Transcript of SOLAR WATER DISTLLATION
“SOLAR WATER DISTILLATION”By
Sheikh saad mohideen (4MK12EE) Sowmini K (4MK12EE) Vinutha N R (4MK12EE)
Under the guidance ofMr. Sathish S amsadi, B. E., M. TECH
HOD, Dept. of EEEMoodlakatte Institute of Technology
Kundapura
INTRODUCTIONWater purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals,
biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water.
physical processes such as filtration, sedimentation, biological processes such as slow sand filters or biologically active carbon, chemical processes such as chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.
The standards for drinking water quality are typically set by governments or by international standards.
It is not possible to tell whether water is of an appropriate quality by visual examination
Simple procedures such as boiling or the use of activated carbon filter are not sufficient for treating all the possible contaminants that may be present in water.
LITERATURE REVIEWYEAR INVENTION1953 Fresh Water from Sea Water by Solar Distillation 1998 Sun and water: an overview of solar water treatment devices Materials 2002 Review of Mid- to High-Temperature Solar Selective Absorber 2006 Performance of a parabolic trough solar collector2007 Parabolic Trough Collector Overview2007 Manual making of a parabolic solar collector2008 Solar trough concentration for fresh water production and
waste water treatment
CURRENT PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS ON THEM
• Although there are many technologies for water purification, then where the actual problem is arising. For people concerned about the quality of their municipally-supplied drinking water and unhappy with other methods of additional purification available to them
• CS collectors produce higher temperatures. They are most often used where higher temperature heat is desirable, there are large thermal loads, they provide more energy per unit of collector surface area.
MYTHS AND FACTS ABOUT DISTILLED WATER
• Drinking distilled water leaches minerals from my body. FACT:• Drinking distilled water for long periods of time cause deterioration of my teeth. FACT:• Distillation takes out all the beneficial minerals need to live for the body. FACT:
DESIGN ANALYSIS
Total energy required for distillation (Q) = energy to reach boiling point (E1) + energy for phase transaction (E2) Q = E1 + E2E1 = C x M x dT Hence, Q =(C x M x dT) + (M x L)E2 = M x L = M (CdT + L) =M (4.19 x (100-30) + 2257) =M x 2550.3Usable energy = Constant x energy from the sun (Es) = (0.283367) x 3600KJ = 1020.12KJ
Area required = energy for distillation/usable solar energy
WATER OUTPUT AND ENERGY RELATIONSHIP
Water quantity (liters) Energy required to distil (KJ) Area required (m2) Power (KW)
0.5 1275.2 1.4 1.4
1 2550.3 2.5 2.5
2 5016.8 5.0 5.0
3 7650.9 7.5 7.5
4 10201.2 10.0 10.0
5 12751.5 12.5 12.5
6 15301.8 15.0 15.0
CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
Bottle-to-bottle distillation water barrel distillation
Due to the fact that plastic may dissolve in water in the presence of the sun, these concepts were not pursued further.
DESIGN COMPONENTS
SOLAR WATER DISTILLER CONTAINS MAINLY 4 PARTS
• SOLAR COLLECTOR
• BOILER
• WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER
• CONDENSER
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT
1. SOLAR REFLECTOR
Parabolic shaped acrylic mirror is used as a solar reflector. Acrylic mirror is made up of plascolite material. Plascolite undergoes to the process of vacuum metallization to give mirror finishing. That is called as acrylic mirror.
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT
2. BOILER
• Glass vacuum tube consists of two glass tubes. These outer tube & inner tube are made of borosilicate glass. Inner tube coated with a special selective coating, which features excellent solar heat absorption and minimal heat reflection properties.
• The air is evacuated from the space between the two glass tubes to form a vacuum, which eliminates conductive and convective heat loss.
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT
3. WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER
Water level controller is the T-joint with the float valve attached to the inside of the inlet end cap and opposite end is for the vacuum tube. Upper end is to connect the condenser. UPVC T-joint has high temperature withstanding capacity. Adequate amount of sealant is required for a perfect seal. The T-caps were drilled according to the different diameter required.
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT
4. CONDENSER
This is idly cookers available in any kitchen accessory shop in various shapes and sizes. The shape recommended would be around nine inches in diameter and ten inches (or more) in height .
THEORITICAL DATA
Length of the solar collector = 4.5 ft.Width of the solar collector = 4.067 ft.Area of the solar collector = 18.3015 ft.
RESULT OBTAINEDTemperature of water raised = 30°C - 110°C Water purified in peak hour(12pm-1pm) = 1 literWater purified in whole sunny day = 7.8-8 liter
THEORITICAL DATA
Hardness of impure water = 3.507g
Hardness of pure water = 1.2035g
Diff. in hardness = 2.3035g
Hardness reduced in % = 65.68%
(This experiment is done for 25ml of water)
ADVANTAGES
Solar energy is freely available and renewable source
This device is eco friendly, 100% pollution free
There are no moving parts; it is therefore reliable and almost
maintenance free
Its initial cost is less, and less maintenance cost
There is no wastage of energy; so its efficiency is also high
Because of sudden change in temperature, it kill bacteria
DISADVANTAGES
Non availability of sun(solar energy) at night time.
vacuum tube is opened at only one end.
This model distill water slowly compared to other methods like RO system.
APPLICATIONS
It is used for water purification
This steam can be used for power generation
By using this steam, we can prepare food also
CONCLUSION
Compared to conventional processes, this purifier cost will be less. For remote areas with no access to electricity and for region where scarcity of pure water, this project is best suited one.
After performing the project, it can be concluded that it is a simple process to distill water. The unlimited free solar energy which will minimize the energy consumption.
This solar water distiller is the most economical and efficient water purifier for the future.
REFERENCES
[1] G D Rai, “Renewable Energy Sources” Text book fifth edition (April 2012).
[2] Jacobson, E & Ketjoy, N. Solar Parabolic Trough Simulation and Application for a
Hybrid Power Plant in Thailand. [email protected]
[3] Archer, D. Qu, M & Masson, S. (2006). Renewable Energy Resources and a Greener
Future. “A Linear Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Performance Model”. Vol 8.
[4] Engineering Toolbox. (2010, April 29). http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/overall-heat-
transfer-coefficients-d_284.html