SOLAR THERMAL MARKETS IN EUROPE · The discussion around energy and renewable energy sources (RES)...
Transcript of SOLAR THERMAL MARKETS IN EUROPE · The discussion around energy and renewable energy sources (RES)...
18
42015
18
42009
Total installed capacity in operation:
33.3 GWth
Total installed capacity in 2015:
1.9 GWth
Annual energy generation (estimated):
23.5 TWhth
Numbers of jobs (estimated):
23 700
18
42009
(Estimated) sector turnover
1.9 EUR billion 18
42009Estimated
6.3 Mt CO2 emission savings
18
42009
18
42009
SOLAR THERMAL MARKETS IN EUROPETrends and Market Statistics 2015Published November 2016
Summary
Market (=Newly Installed) In Operation2
2013 2014 2015 Annual Evolution
of the Market
2015 Annual Evolution
of the Total Installed Capacity
Total Glazed
Total Glazed
Flat Plate
Vacuum Collectors
Total Glazed
Total Glazed
Total Glazed
Total Glazed
Total Glazed
m2 m2 m2 m2 m2 kW(th)1 % m2 kW(th) %
Austria 179 180 153 440 134 260 2 320 136 580 95 606 -11% 4 201 321 2 940 925 -0.6%
Belgium 59 000 52 000 38 250 6 750 45 000 31 500 -13.5% 538 033 376 623 8.9%
Bulgaria 5 600 5 600 5 100 500 5 600 3 920 - 133 900 93 730 -
Croatia 20 900 21 527 19 000 2 500 21 500 15 050 -0.1% 188 592 132 014 12.9%
Cyprus 20 991 19 467 18 000 600 18 600 13 020 -4.5% 676 834 473 784 -1.7%
Czech Republic 44 531 38 243 22 000 9 000 31 000 21 700 -18.9% 534 617 374 232 5.4%
Denmark 117 170 179 186 264 565 0 264 565 185 196 47.6% 1 175 916 823 141 25.5%
Estonia* 2 000 2 000 1 000 1 000 2 000 1 400 - 12 520 8 764 -
Finland* 4 000 4 000 3 000 1 000 4 000 2 800 - 47 523 33 266 -
France3 190 300 150 500 101 450 0 101 450 71 015 -32.6% 2 516 650 1 761 655 4.2%
Germany 1 020 000 900 000 729 000 77 000 806 000 564 200 -10.4% 18 300 000 12 810 000 3.5%
Greece 227 500 270 600 271 000 600 271 600 190 120 0.4% 4 388 900 3 072 230 2.4%
Hungary 18 000 16 000 10 080 5 570 15 650 10 955 -2.2% 269 464 188 625 6.2%
Ireland 27 269 24 524 12 720 9 953 22 673 15 871 -7.5% 344 855 241 398 7%
Italy 358 000 268 500 201 810 27 520 229 330 160 531 -14.6% 4 174 124 2 921 887 5.3%
Latvia* 2 222 2 360 1 580 330 1 910 1 337 -19.1% 10 532 7 372 22.2%
Lithuania* 2 200 2 200 800 1 400 2 200 1 540 - 12 600 8 820 -
Luxemburg* 6 000 5 486 4 700 750 5 450 3 815 - 55 736 39 015 -
Malta* 1 089 1 520 759 172 931 652 -38.8% 53 770 37 639 1.5%
Netherlands 38 775 31 411 17 548 3 971 21 519 15 063 -31.5% 569 506 398 654 1.6%
Poland 274 100 260 100 225 000 52 000 277 000 193 900 6.5% 2 022 590 1 415 813 15.9%
Portugal 57 234 50 967 45 304 830 46 134 32 294 -9.5% 979 952 685 966 3.9%
Romania 23 850 18 500 6 800 11 000 17 800 12 460 -3.8% 158 350 110 845 10.7%
Slovakia 6 200 5 500 4 500 800 5 300 3 710 -3.6% 154 250 107 975 1.2%
Slovenia 10 000 4 500 2 200 600 2 800 1 960 -37.8% 159 100 111 370 -9.8%
Spain 228 721 251 249 226 138 11 121 237 259 166 081 -5.6% 3 279 894 2 295 926 7.5%
Sweden 8 611 6 673 4 928 1 643 6 571 4 600 -1.5% 335 565 234 896 -0.8%
Switzerland 121 974 113 147 65 000 15 000 80 000 56 000 -29.3% 1 401 492 981 044 4.3%
United Kingdom 43 133 36 552 20 322 3 967 24 289 17 002 -33.5% 792 251 554 576 2.2%
EU28 + Switzerland 3 118 550 2 895 752 - - 2 704 711 1 893 298 -6.6% 47 488 836 33 242 185 4.4%
ESTIF would like to thank the solar thermal associations and other national sources for providing the data for these statistics, in particular:
AEE INTEC; Association pour Techniques Thermiques de Belgique (ATTB/Belsolar); Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar; Cyprus Ministry of Energy, Commerce, Industry
and Tourism; Czech Ministry of Industry and Trade; Danish Solar Heating Association (DSF); Finish Solar Energy Association / Statistics Finland – Environment and
Energy; Syndicat des professionnels de l’énergie solaire (ENERPLAN); Bundesverband Solarwirtschaft (BSW-Solar); Greek Solar Industry Association (EBHE);
Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEIA); Assotermica; Latvian Solar Thermal Collector Association; Energy Statistics Division – Statistics Lithuania; Malta
Resources Authority; Holland Solar; SPIUG - Association of Heating Appliances Manufacturers and Importers in Poland; Associação Portuguesa da Indústria Solar
(APISOLAR) ; Camera de Comerţ şi Industrie Româno-Germană (AHK); THERMO/SOLAR Ziar s.r.o.; University of Ljubljana; Association, Solar De La Industria
Termica (ASIT); Svensk Solenergi; Chalmers University of Technology; Swissolar; Solar Trade Association (STA).
Figures for countries marked with an * are ESTIF estimations and, therefore, these are not sufficiently accurate to be used for percent change calculations in these markets.
1) The relation between collector area and capacity is 1m² = 0.7kWth (kilowatt-thermal)
2) Capacity “in operation” refers to the solar thermal capacity built in the past and deemed to be still in use. ESTIF assumes a 20 year product life for all systems
installed since 1990. Most products today would last considerably longer, but they often cease to be used earlier, e.g. because the building was demolished, or
there has been a change of building use.
3) The figures shown here relate to Metropolitan France (mainland). As a reference, in 2010 the overseas departments amounted to 49 MWth (70,000 m²).
MARKET SIZE IN TERMS OF SOLAR THERMAL CAPACITY
(KWth) AND IN TERMS OF COLLECTOR AREA (M2)
> 250 kW
50-250 kW
25-50 kW
15-25 kW
< 15 kW
SOLAR THERMAL MARKETS
IN EUROPE DATA FOR 2015
Ireland-7.5%241 MWth
52.1 kWth
UK-33.5%555 MWth
8.5 kWth
Belgium-13.5%377 MWth
33.5 kWth
France-32.6%1 762 MWth
26.5 kWth
Portugal-9.5%686 MWth
66.1 kWth
Spain-5.6%2 296 MWth
49.4 kWth
Netherlands-31.5%399 MWth
23.6 kWth
Luxembourg*
39 MWth
69.3 kWth
Switzerland-29.3%981 MWth
119.1 kWth
Denmark47.6%823 MWth
145.4 kWth
Germany-10.4%12 810 MWth
157.8 kWth
Italy-14.6%2 922 MWth
48.1 kWth
Austria-11%2 941 MWth
342.9 kWth
Sweden-1.5%235 MWth
24.1 kWth
Czech Republic-18.9%374 MWth
35.5 kWth
Slovenia-37.8%111 MWth
54.0 kWthCroatia-0.1%132 MWth
31.2 kWth
Malta-38.8%38 MWth
87.7 kWth
Poland6.5%1 416 MWth
37.3 kWth
Slovakia-3.6%108 MWth
19.9 kWth
Hungary-2.2%189 MWth
19.1 kWth
Finland*
33 MWth
6.1 kWth
Estonia*
9 MWth
6.7 kWth
Latvia -19.1%7 MWth
3.7 kWth
Lithuania*
9 MWth
3 kWth
Romania-3.8%111 MWth
5.6 kWth
Bulgaria*
94 MWth
13 kWth
Greece0.4%3 072 MWth
282.9 kWth
Cyprus-4.5%474 MWth
559.4 kWth
Note: The data are usually provided by national solar thermal associations or other national sources. Countries marked with an * are ESTIF estimations and are therefore not sufficiently accurate to set a percentage variation in the market.
Shares of the European Solar Thermal Market (Newly Installed Capacity)
DEFR
GR
ES
IT
CH
DK
BE
Others
AT
DE 30%
PL 10%
GR 10%
DK 10%
ES 9%
IT 8%
AT 5%
FR 4%
CH 3%
PT 2%
BE 2%
OTHERS 8%
PT
PL
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
BECZPLITESIESIEU28+
PTLUMT
CHDKDEGRATCY
Solar Thermal Capacity in Operation (per 1000 Capita)
1 0009008007006005004003002001000
kWth m2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Development of Main Markets - Newly Installed Capacity per 1000 Capita
kWth m2
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Austria Germany Greece Italy Poland Spain France EU28+
Other 17
HU
CY
BE
PT
AT
PL
GR
FR
ES
DE
IT
2014
2010
NREAP Barometer
2015
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Estimated energy produced in 2015 in comparison with EU 2020 targets for annual solar thermal energy generation in TWh.
Key
EU28+-6.6%33 242 MWth
64.3 kWth
Country name
kWth per 1000 capita
Cumulative installed capacity in operation (MWth)
Annual evolution 2014/2015
> 250 kWth
50-250 kWth
25-50 kWth
15-25 kWth
< 15 kWth
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY
ACTION PLANS (NREAPS)
According to the European Commission assessment of the implementation of the
National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPs), the projected development
of the solar thermal market until 2020, considering the measures proposed by
the Member States, would be 41.8 to 45.6% below the indicative target. This
underachievement is evident even for countries such as Italy, Spain and France,
which have a great potential for the deployment of solar thermal, if the right
measures are in place.
The discussion around energy and renewable energy sources (RES) has been
mainly focused on renewable electricity (RES-E). Pushed by strong support
policies, RES-E has risen to 27.4% of all power generation in EU28, while RES-HC
represents only 17.7% of all Heating & Cooling. Nevertheless, renewable heating
and cooling (RES-HC) represents 49% (1017 TWh) of all RES generation in EU28,
while RES-E represents only 42% (872 TWh).
With four years left to achieve the 2020 targets, RES-HC still offer a huge untapped
potential, that can be quickly deployed. Solar thermal applications, such as solar
water heaters or solar heat for industrial processes, have demonstrated their
competitiveness. At the same time, investment in solar thermal solutions helps
to promote energy security, reducing energy imports and CO2 emissions while
promoting local job creation.
EU28 Sector’s shares
on total generation
(inner ring) & RES
shares for each sector
(outer) for 2014
Estimated solar heat generation per country in comparison with national targets for annual heat generation using solar thermal systems by 2020, expressed in GWh.
2015: ESTIF data 2020: NREAPs targets
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
IT DE ES FR GR PL AT PT BE CY Other 18
SOLAR THERMAL MARKETS
IN EU 28 AND SWITZERLAND (GLAZED COLLECTORS)
In 2015, the European market faced again a contraction of the newly installed capacity, which totalled 1.9 GWth (approximately 2.7 million m²). This represents a decrease of 6.6% in comparison with 2014. The total installed capacity augmented by 1.4 GWth, attaining 33.3 GWth (47.5 mio m²). It represents an increase of 4.4% on the total installed capacity by the end of the previous year.
The last ten years were characterised by steep growth until 2008, followed since
by a contraction. Still, the average growth over this 10 year period was 2.8%.
Nevertheless, the annual decrease in sales was, since 2009, 7.9% on average.
The main European market, Germany, representing approximately 30%
of the entire European market, as led this decrease with a reduction of
10.4% compared to 2014, totalling 564.2 MWth (0.8 mio m²) of newly in-
stalled area. France sustained the strongest decrease from the larger
markets (-32.6%).
Denmark, with an increase of 47.6% in the market is the best performing
country. As a result of the continuation of the solar district heating success
story in this country, the newly installed capacity in 2015 grew to an astonishing
total of 185 MWth (0.26 mio m²). The total installed capacity has risen by 25%,
to an amount of 823 MWth (approximately 1.2 mio m²).
The performance since 2008, after the implementation of the Renewables Di-
rective, jeopardises the achievement of the indicative targets for 2020 indicated
in the National Renewable Energy Actions Plans. However, solar heating and
cooling still plays an important role in the European energy strategy, allowing
for decentralised solutions to meet the heating and cooling demand in Europe,
replacing the dependency on imported fossil fuels and creating local jobs. The
33.3 GWth in operation generate an estimated 23.5 TWhth of solar thermal
energy while contributing to a saving of 6.3 Mt CO2. In terms of economic
significance, the solar thermal sector reached a combined turnover of 1.9 billion
Euros in 2015, employing approximately 23 700 people.
0
500 0 00
1 000 000
1 500 000
2 000 000
2 500 000
3 000 000
3 500 000
Germany Next top 6 countries (AT, ES, FR, GR, IT, PL) Other 21 EU countries and Switzerland
5 000 000
4 000 000
3 000 000
2 000 000
1 000 000
0
kWth m2
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Solar Thermal Market in EU28 and Switzerland (glazed collectors)
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
2015201420132012201120102009200820072006
Solar Thermal Market in EU28 and Switzerland Total and Newly Installed Capacity (glazed collectors)MWth m2 (x1000)
Newly installed (MWth) Total installed n-1 (MWth) Annual Capacity (m2)
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
4 000
4 500
5 000
SOLAR HEAT FOR
INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES (SHIP)
Solar Heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP) is a promising market for large-
scale solar thermal applications. Currently over 190 operating solar thermal
systems for process heat are reported worldwide, with a total capacity of
over 111 MWth (159 000 m²).
The graph below shows the importance of large scale solar thermal
applications. The largest 20 plants have in total 106 418 m² which is over
70% of the total installed gross area. In total, over 60 % of the gross area
was installed since 2011. The average plant size (of plants > 100 m²) has
increased in the last years. Between 2000 and 2007 the average plant size
was 585 m² gross area. Since then, this value has risen fourfold.
More information about solar heat for industrial processes, namely data
on existing systems is provided on the website http://ship-plants.info as
a result of the work carried out in the framework of the IEA Task 49/IV
(http://task49.iea-shc.org).
SOLAR DISTRICT
HEATING (SDH)
The market for large-scale solar heating systems above 700 kWth of nominal
thermal power (1 000 m²) has been increasing, led by one country: Denmark.
The main reason is a very positive development of solar district heating
systems in Denmark, totalling over 75 systems and 0.57 GWth of installed
capacity by the end of 2015. Though other countries are learning from the
Danish experience and recently new installations came into operation in
Austria, Germany, Italy and France. Since 2008 the average size of the new
systems has increased from 2.3 MWth to over 6.5 MWth. The 19 new large
solar district systems that came into operation in 2015 represented over
120 MWth of newly installed capacity.
More information about solar district heating systems is provided by the project
SDH, supported by EC (IEE) on the website: www.solar-district-heating.eu.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Scale of SHIP plants
0 - 1
00
100
- 200
200
- 300
300
- 400
400
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600
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700
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800
- 900
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10 0
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40 0
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Num
ber o
f pla
nts
(-)
60 000
50 000
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0
Gross area (m2)
Sum of gross area per category Number of plants per category
89 plants with 8 517m2
20 plants with 106 418m2
Interested in reading the full report? Our full report will be published soon! If you are interested in reading it, visit our website (www.estif.org/publications/) and get the last updates or send us an email at [email protected].