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The Solar System and The Solar System and BeyondBeyond

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Solar systems, galaxies and the Solar systems, galaxies and the UniverseUniverse

OUR SUN is one of millions of stars that orbit the centre of…

THE MILKY WAY, which is one of a billion galaxies that orbit AND move away from the centre of…

THE UNIVERSE

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The Milky Way is the name of our galaxy

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There are eight planets in our solar There are eight planets in our solar system:system:

Mercury

MarsJupiter

Saturn

Neptune

Uranus

Pluto

VenusEarth

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But what do we know about the Sun?But what do we know about the Sun?

The Sun is 150 million kilometres away from us.

The temperature of the Sun's surface is 6,000 degrees.This is the same temperature as the Earth's core. However, the atmosphere heats up to millions of degrees. 

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Mercury

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Fast facts about MercuryFast facts about Mercury• Distance from Sun: 57 million

kilometres.• Maximum temperature: 465 º• Minimum temperature: -184 º• Volume : 5% of the Earth• Satellites: Mercury has no satellites.• Mercury is the smallest planet in

our Solar System.• Mercury is a world of extremes: it’s

extremely hot during the day and it gets very cold in the night. That happens because it spins very slowly (one rotation lasts 58 days).

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Venus

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Fast facts about VenusFast facts about Venus• Distance from Sun: 107 million

kilometres.• Average temperature: 449 º• Volume : 86% of the Earth• Satellites: Venus has no satellites.. • Venus is a hostile planet.  Its thick

atmosphere (with clouds of sulfuric acid) makes it impossible to see the surface.

• In many ways Venus is similar to the Earth.  It has active volcanoes, mountains and valleys. 

• Venus is unusual because it rotates in a direction opposite that of all of the other planets.

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Earth

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Fast facts about the EarthFast facts about the Earth• Distance from Sun: 150 million

kilometres.• Average temperature: 7’2 º• Satellites: The Earth has one

satellite: the Moon.. • Our planet is  an oasis of life in

a desolate system.  The Earth's temperature, weather, atmosphere and many other factors are perfect to keep us alive. 

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Moon

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Earth and Moon

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Mars

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Fast facts about MarsFast facts about Mars• Distance from Sun: 229 million kilometres.• Maximum temperature: 36º• Minimum temperature: -123º• Volume : 15% of the Earth• Satellites: Mars has two satellites, Deimos

and Phobos.. • Scientists think that Mars once had rivers,

lakes, and even an ocean.Today the only water on Mars is frozen in the polar caps, or underground.

• Mars has many craters which were formed by meteorites or asteroids. Mars also has some of the tallest volcanoes and some of the deepest valleys in our solar system

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Jupiter

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Fast facts about JupiterFast facts about Jupiter• Distance from Sun: 777 million

kilometres.• Average temperature: -153º• Volume : 1,318 times more than the Earth• Satellites: Jupiter has at least 63

satellites. The most important of them are Io, Europa, Ganymedes and Callisto..

• In Jupiter, you can see a great red spot; it’s a giant storm that has lasted for hundreds of years. This storm's super hurricane winds blow across an area larger than the Earth. 

• This giant planet has no solid surface.  Under its atmosphere is a large liquid ocean of hydrogen and water. 

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Saturn

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Fast facts about SaturnFast facts about Saturn• Distance from Sun: 1,429 million

kilometres.• Average temperature: -184º• Volume : 744 times more than Earth• Satellites: Saturn has 61 satellites.

Some of them are Calypso, Rhea and Titan..

• Saturn's atmosphere has winds which can blow at over 1800 kilometres per hour.

• Saturn is surrounded by over 1000 rings made of ice and dust. Some of the rings are very thin and some are very thick.

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Uranus

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Fast facts about UranusFast facts about Uranus• Distance from Sun: 2,871 million

kilometres.• Average temperature: -205º• Volume : 67 times more than Earth• Satellites: Uranus has 27 satellites. • Unlike all the other planets in our Solar

System Uranus spins on its side.  It is believed that long ago a very large object smashed into this planet.  The crash was so powerful that it completely changed the direction of Uranus' spin.

• Uranus may have an ocean of water beneath its clouds.  It has a large rocky core, and because of the tremendous pressure could possibly contain trillions of large diamonds. 

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Neptune

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Fast facts about NeptuneFast facts about Neptune• Distance from Sun: 4,496 million

kilometres.• Average temperature: -223º• Volume : 57 times more than Earth• Satellites: Neptune has at least 13

satellites. • Neptune has winds in its

atmosphere which blow at over 2000 kilometres per hour! This planet has large, dark circles on its surface which astronomers believe to be storms .

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Pluto (dwarf planet)

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The moon orbits the The moon orbits the Earth... Earth...

Sun

Earth

moon

...as the Earth orbits the ...as the Earth orbits the Sun. Sun.

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The Earth orbits the sun every…The Earth orbits the sun every…

……year (365 year (365 11//44 days)days)

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The Earth is kept in orbit by the force of…The Earth is kept in orbit by the force of…

GravityGravity

…and by the fact that is is moving at a high velocity

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Gravity also keeps the moon in orbit Gravity also keeps the moon in orbit around the Earth. The moon orbits the around the Earth. The moon orbits the

Earth every…Earth every………month (28 month (28 days)days)

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As the Earth orbits around the Sun, it also spins on its own axis

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At any time, half of the Earth faces the sun and therefore receives light.

The other half faces away from the Sun, and so receives very little light.

This part is in night.

This part is in day.

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What causes the Earth’s seasons?

As the Earth orbits the Sun, when its axis tips towards the Sun, the weather gets warmer. When it tips away, the weather gets colder, causing the Earth’s seasons.

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The Earth is divided up into the northern The Earth is divided up into the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere:hemisphere and the southern hemisphere:

Equator

Northern hemisphere

Southern hemisphere