SOLAR POWER CHARGE CONTROLLER

Introduction

Precise Charge Controller for Solar Photo Voltaic Panel used Embedded based Micro controller concept.The main scope of project is, the photovoltaic cells are converting the sunlight in to electricity a charge controller is used.PV cells are bundled together in modules or panels to produce higher voltages and increased power.As the sunlight varies in intensity the electricity so generated usually charges through the charge a set of batteries for storing the energy.

PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM

SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC CELL

CHARGE CONTROLLERUSING OPAMP AND MOSFET

BATTERY CONNECTED TO

LOAD

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

LEDPUSHBUTTONSRESISTOR CAPACITORPHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS/SOLAR CELLSBATTERYCOMPARATORMOSFET

MOSFET(IRF 510)

The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect

transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS

FET) is a device used for amplifying or

switching electronic signals

The basic principle of the device a voltage on

the oxide-insulated gate electrode can induce a

conducting channel between the two other

contacts called source and drain

It is by far the most common transistor in

both digital and analog circuits, though the

bipolar junction transistor was at one time

much more common.

OPAMP LM324Features

Internally frequency compensated for unity gain

Large DC voltage gain 100 dB

Wideband with 1Mhz (Temperature compensated)

Wide power supply range:

Single supply 3V to 32V

or dual supplies ±1.5V to ±16V

Very low supply current drain (700 μA) essentially

independent of supply voltage

Low input biasing current 45 nA (temperature

compensated)

Low input offset voltage 2mV and offset current:5

nA

Large output voltage swing 0V to V+ − 1.5V

BC547 (NPN –Transistor)

The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial

Silicon Transistor.

It is used in general-purpose switching and

amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100

mA NPN general-purpose transistors.

The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current Gain of

the device and is given the symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, (β).

The current gain from the emitter to the collector

terminal, Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (α), and is a function of the

transistor itself

1N4148

The 1N4148 is a standard small signal silicon

diode used in signal processing.

The 1N4148 is generally available in a DO-35

glass package and is very useful at high frequencies

with a reverse recovery time of no more than 4ns.

This permits rectification and detection of

radio frequency signals very effectively, as long as

their amplitude is above the forward conduction

threshold of silicon (around 0.7V) or the diode is

biased.

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

Photovoltaic (PV) cells are made of special materials called

semiconductors such as silicon, which is currently the most commonly

used.

Basically, when light strikes the cell, a certain portion of it is

absorbed within the semiconductor material.

PV cells also all have one or more electric fields that act to force

electrons freed by light absorption to flow in a certain direction.

This flow of electrons is a current, and by placing metal contacts on

the top and bottom of the PV cell, we can draw that current off to use

externally.

SOLAR PANEL

Expose the cell to light, and the energy

from each photon (light particle) hitting

the silicon, will liberate an electron and a

corresponding hole.

If this happens within range of the

electric field’s influence, the electrons will

be sent to the N side and the holes to the P

one, resulting in yet further disruption of

electrical neutrality

This flow of electrons is a current; the

electrical field in the cell causes a voltage

and the product of these two is power

BATTERY

An electrical battery is a combination

of one or more electrochemical cells, used

to convert stored chemical energy into

electrical energy.

The battery has become a common

power source for many household,

robotics and industrial applications.Larger batteries provide standby

power for telephone exchanges or

computer data centers

Battery capacity and discharging

QUERIES ?

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