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SOLAR POLICY IN A CHANGING CLIMATE

May 26, 2015

Lisa DeMarco

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CHANGING CLIMATE

“In Saudi Arabia we recognize that eventually, one of

these days, we’re not going to need fossil fuel. I don’t

know when -- 2040, 2050 or thereafter. So we have embarked on a program to develop solar energy. … Hopefully, one of these days, instead of exporting

fossil

fuels, we will be exporting gigawatts of electric power.”

Ali Al-Naimi, Oil Minister for Saudi Arabia,

May 21, 2015, Paris

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Targets, Targets, Timelines…Jurisdiction Base Year Target

ReductionTimeline

US 2005 26-28% 2025

Canada 2005 (749 MT) 30% (225 MT) 2030

EU 1990 40% 2030

California 1990 40% 2030

Ontario 1990 (182 MT) 37% (67.3 MT) 2030

Tokyo, SaitameRGGI

CALIFORNIA

QUEBEC

Beijing

Tianjin

ShanghaiChongqing

Hubei

ShenzhenGuangdong

Emission Trading Scheme in Progress

Existing Emission Trading Schemes

CDM Host Countries as of July 1, 2013 (UNEP Riso Centre, data from the CDMPipeline)

Countries with provincial-only Emission Trading Schemes

Linkages

New South Wales GGAS

EU ETS

South Korea (2015)Swiss ETS

ALBERTA

Carbon Pricing Worldwide

Source: IETA

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How to get there?

Total energy resources

Source: IEA, Solar Energy Perspectives, 2011

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Growth Potential in Solar Energy

Global technical potentials of energy resources

Source: IPCC in IEA, Solar Energy Perspectives, 2011

Solar in Action: Transportation

Solar canopies

Electric vehicles

Solar in Action: Industry

Solar PV at a pulp and paper mill in China

Solar in Action: Buildings

Rooftop solar on commercial buildings

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The Challenges

• Technical• Intermittency • Supply peak timing• Changing with energy

storage

• Regulatory• Pricing• Novel impacts on

distribution grids and rates - Decoupling of rates and costs

• Catch 22 of fixed charges, price signals, and conservation

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Disruptive Energy Storage Innovation

The Tesla Powerwall Peter and Lyndon Rive, SolarCity

Annette Verschuren, NRStor