Solar Energy Into the Grid

8/6/2019 Solar Energy Into the Grid

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SOLAR ENERGY INTO THE GRID

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

WHAT IS SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY SIGNIFICANCE (OR ITS

IMPORTANCE)

HOW SOLAR ENERGY CAN BE USED TO

PRODUCE ELECTRICITY THAT CAN BE SUPPLIED

TO GRID

ADVANTAGES IN DOING IT.

DIFFERENT SOLAR POWER PLANTS


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What is solar energy

Solar energy: That energy that we receivefrom sun that can be converted into otherforms of energy such as heat and electricity.

We know today, that the sun is simply ournearest star. Without it, life would not exist onour planet

Indirectly, the sun or other stars areresponsible for ALL our energy. Even nuclearenergy comes from a star .


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Solar energy significance

Reduce green house effect and clean

renewable source.

Abundantance of energy available on earthssurface.

reduce dependence on foreign oil

This energy can be produces in remotelocations to meet required demands.

And many more


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WAY TO PRODUCE ELECTRICITY FROM

SOLAR ENERGY IS PV

A photovoltaic device (generally called a solarcell) consists of layers of semiconductor materialswith different electronic properties. Solar PV

system including battery (for storing energywhich generated by the PV array), controller (it iselectronic device to control charging or limit thedischarging of the batteries), inverter (large

systems usually including DC/AC inverters tosupply AC power in standard voltages andfrequencies.


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DIAGRAM OF PV


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What exactly is a PhotoVoltaic cell

Photovoltaic is the direct conversion of light

into electricity at the atomic level.

Some materials exhibit a property known asthe photoelectric effect that causes them to

absorb photons of light and release electrons.

When these free electrons are captured, an

electric current results that can be used as

electricity


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ADVANTAGES OF PVs you can be totally independent of the electric company

by using batteries to store your excess energy or youcan remain tied to the grid and use net metering.

While companies sell power at Rs3-3.5/KW. We onother hand can sell power at whooping Rs15-20/KW.Covering most of installation cost.

no transmission costs, your energy is produced whereit is consumed.

reduce or completely eliminate your electric bill

after initial investment, all the electricity you produce

is free. Incentives and credits from governments and utility

companies offset the initial investment


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THINGS TO NOTE:

PV can be used to produce electricity, heating forwater, domestic lighting, street lighting , villageelectrification, water pumping, desalination ofsalty water, powering of remote

telecommunication, railway signals. PV cannot be used on large scale due economic,

productivity and efficiency factors.

But to produce on large scale, solar power plants

are designed and implemented to produce powerin MWs


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SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS

They are used to produce electricity on largescale( in order of 500MW,1000MW)

There are two types of solar power plantsnamely:

1. Solar distributed collector power plants

2. Solar central receiver power plants

In this type of power plants, collectors(mostlyparabolic) are used. A very large area isrequired.


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BASIC PRINCIPLE IN THESE TOWERS Large parabolic collectors are employed for collecting

solar energy, which is used to heat the fluid generallywater which is stored in the storage tank.

This heat energy is let to the boiler with a feedback,which is converted to high-pressure steam energy. Thissteam energy is sent to the turbine chamber with highspeed leading to the rotation of prime-mover of theturbine.

As turbine is internally coupled with the alternator, theincoming mechanical energy to the turbine is converted

to electrical energy by the alternator. Steam is condensed in the condenser and feed water

returns to the boiler for re-use.


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Solar distributed collector power

plants

Nevada Solar One is a new solar thermal plant with a 64 MWgenerating capacity, located near Boulder City, Nevada.

It uses parabolic troughs as thermal solar concentrators,heating tubes of liquid which act as solar receivers. These

solar receivers are specially coated tubes made of glass andsteel, and about 19,300 of these four meter long tubes areused in the newly built power plant.

Nevada Solar One also uses a technology that collects extraheat by putting it into phase-changing molten salts. Thisenergy can then be drawn at night.

Solar thermal power plants designed for solar-only generationare ideally matched to summer noon peak loads.


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DIAGRAMS OF Nevada Solar One


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Solar central receiving power plant

The largest solar power installation in the

world located in the Mojave Desert, California.

Central receiving tower, which receives thereflected radiation from the heliostats around

it. The tower is installed with a boiler inside it.

Power station, which is coupled to the solar

collecting apparatus.


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WORKING OF THESE PLANTS The tower (boiler) is mounted on the top of

the tower located near the center of the fieldof large mirrors called heliostats.

The heliostats reflect sunlight on to the central

tower. Sunrays after getting reflected someheliostats are focused on to the boiler.

Thus boiler generates high temperaturesteam, which is used to drive a steam turbine,

which is coupled to an alternator.

From this alternator, electricity is generated


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DIAGRAM OF THESE PLANTS IN

WORKING MODE


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COMPONENTS IN THSES PLANTS


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DIAGRAMS OF THESE PLANTS


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ADVANTAGES OF THESE PLANTS

LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY.

This system of energy conversion is noise less

and cheap. Maintenance cost is low.

They have long life.

Pollution free. Highly reliable.


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LIMITATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY

Low energy density 0.1 to 1 KW/m2.

Large area is required to collect the solar

energy.

Direction of rays changes continuously. Energy is not uniform during cloudy weather

and not available during the nights.

Energy storage is essential.

Low efficiency.


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CONCLUSION

Solar energy is available everywhere, its just

needs to be concentrated and used.

Solar energy is the fast growing sector

compared to other renewable resources.

The best line that suits these energy is

THE RENEWABLE ENERGYOF THE FUTURE

Solar Energy Into the Grid

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