Solar Energy and Pakistan

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Solar

Energy

and

Pakistan

2010REPORTOne thing is common between Sun Flower and

Solar Panel that they reliant on Sun and

difference between them is we are in initial

stage and nature is far beyond from ourknowledge.

Umara Rashid (12307)

Syed Khurram Saleem

(12236)

0

Business Communication Report on

Solar Energy and Pakistan

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Table of Contents

Foreword 3

Executive summary 4

Solar Generation 5

Solar Basics 6

Solar Energy Future 9

Pakistans indulgence in Solar Energy 10

Solar activity in Pakistan.11

Activities of Pakistan Council for Renewable EnergyTechnologies (PCRET) 12

Pakistans Solar Energy Development Plan 13

Conclusion 16

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FOREWORD

The report is a realistic outline showing that solar power is able to supplyingelectricity to more than one billion people within two decades. It has becomeunambiguous that energy access has become a priority if we are to enablesustainable and fair growth for future generations.

The report highlights the global benefits and Pakistans Initiative in solar energyfor the climate and environment, social development, the economy and supplychain as well as for industry and employment. Solar Generation targeted todefine the role that solar electricity will take part in in the lives of a populationborn today and growing up as an important energy saving and consumptiongroup. We have examined how solar electricity will be perceived from both theconsumer and the solar business perspective within the timescale of this singlegeneration.

EMPLOYMENT AND SOLAR INDUSTRY The global photovoltaic industry has already made great investments and to

make sure this investment continues into the future there must be a stablepolitical framework to support it. Solar photovoltaic (PV) can and should play asignificant role within a future sustainable energy system. PV is one of the keytechnologies for generating decentralized electricity for private householdsaround the world, and the technology is currently maturing. The market hasgrown by more than 40% a year for almost a decade and the industry isinvesting large sums to increase production facilities.

The further development of PV solar electricity from a niche market to amainstream technology will be crucial in 2006 and 2007. For the expansion ofsolar energy to be successful there must be a clear commitment from

governments.

SECURITY OF AFFORDABLE ENERGY SUPPLYAs oil, gas and coal prices continue to rise with the supply often coming frompolitically unstable countries, the question of an affordable, clean and secureenergy supply points to a need for renewable energies. Renewable energies andenergy efficiency can cover future energy needs, but a long-term strategy isneeded if this is to become reality. The shift in the energy sector will takes a

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least one generation the Solar Generation. Security of energy supply boththrough access to fuels and price stability is an increasingly important part ofthe current global energy debate.

Large solar thermal power plants can harvest the suns power in dry and hot

desert-like areas; PV solar electricity can provide decentralized energy supply atthe very place it is consumed.

Renewable energies and in particular PV solar electricity have long-termpotential. The benefits of solar power are compelling: environmental protection,economic growth, job creation, secure and distributed generation, diversity offuel supply and rapid deployment, as well as the global potential for technologytransfer and innovation. Most decisions on energy made today overlook solarpower as a decentralized and modular technology, which can be rapidlydeployed to generate electricity in developing areas.

CLIMATE CHANGEClimate change is increasingly accepted as one of the biggest man-made threatsto the planet. We have now reached a point where CO2 and other greenhousegas emissions have already induced excessive floods, droughts and intensifiedhurricanes and typhoons.

If we do not rigorously change our addiction to fossil fuels we will very soon crossa point when not only will more floods, droughts and heavier storms occur, butchanges in ocean circulation and the melting of glaciers and arctic ice will alsoproduce destructive results for mankind. Fortunately, we have technologies athand the portfolio of renewable energies that could change this downwardspiral and lead to a green and sustainable future.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

GLOBAL STATUS OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICSThe solar electricity market is roaring. In 2005 the cumulative installed capacityof solar photovoltaic (PV) systems around the world passed the landmark figureof 5000MWp

The worldwide photovoltaic industry, particularly in Europe and Japan, isinvesting heavily in new production facilities and technologies. At the same time,political support for the development of solar electricity has led to far-reachingpromotion frameworks being put in place in a number of countries for instancePakistan.

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Since the first issue of Solar Generation was formed in 2001, the worldwidemarket has continued to expand at the rate then predicted. While somecountries, such as the United States, have lagged behind in their expecteddevelopment, others such asGermany has exceeded expectations.

This the third issue of our global solar PV market forecast Solar Generation afterits first appearances in 2001 and in 2004. Since then, our estimates have beenproved to be realistic, even a little conservative, as the market grew faster.Compared to the first market forecast, the market volume in 2005 was threeyears ahead of schedule, and the market volume in 2010 is now expected to beover 5500MW twice our expectation in 2001. At the same time, there is a needto transmit to as wide ambience as possible the message that solar electricitywill bring socio-economic, industrial and environmental benefits to regions whichproactively encourage its uptake.

SOLAR GENERATION: A PROJECTION TO 2025

The results which have emerged from this extensive analysis point to atechnology that is going to have a significant future impact on the everyday livesof the population born today. Clearly, this transformation will not happen byitself. It will require the far-reaching commitment of consumers and industry, aswell as significant political will. The level of commitment needed, however, hasalready been demonstrated in those countries which show the greatest growth intheir solar electricity industries. We must learn from them and adapt.

Deploy the corresponding catalysts at global level if solar electricity is to fulfil thepotential that we need it to.

SOLAR GENERATION

MARKET GROWTH RATES:

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Initial growth is likely to be fastest in the grid-connected sector; by 2010 the off-grid sector will play an increasing role. The average annual growth rate of theworldwide PV market up to 2009 is projected to be 35% and 26% between 2010and 2015. Between 2016 and 2025, the market will slowly consolidate at a highlevel, growth rates going down to 19% until 2020 and 11% between 2021 and

2025.

ELECTRICITY GENERATION:Figures for the growth in universal electricity demand up to 2020 (on whichcomparisons with expected PV development are based) have been taken fromprojections by the International Energy Agency. These show total world powerdemand increasing to 23,000 Terawatt hours (TWh) by 2025. DLR has beenasked by Greenpeace International and EREC to conduct a study on globalsustainable energy pathways up to 2050. The scenarios are based on thereference scenario from IEA World Energy Outlook (2004). The energy demand issplit up in electricity and fuels. A low energy demand scenario has beendeveloped based on the IEA reference scenario: For the year 2025, the energy

efficiency scenario estimates a global electricity demand of 16.845 TWh in 2025.

CARBON DIOXIDE SAVINGS:Over the whole situation period it is approximate that an common of 0.6 kg ofCOc would be saved per kilowatt-hour of yield from a solar generator.

POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS:In order to provide up to a billion people with solar electricity by 2025, and go onto get a global electricity share of 20% or more by 2040, a major shift in energypolicy will be needed. Experience over the past few years has demonstrated theeffectiveness of joint industrial and political commitment to achieving greaterpenetration of solar electricity into the energy mix at local, national, regional andglobal levels.

SOLAR BASICS

THE SOLAR POTENTIAL :The US National Solar Radiation database, for example, has logged 30 years ofsolar radiation and additional meteorological data from 337 sites. There is more

than enough solar radiation available around the world to satisfy the demand forsolar power systems. The proportion of the suns rays that reaches the earthssurface is enough to provide for global energy consumption 10,000 times over.On average, each square meter of land is exposed to enough sunlight to produce1,700 kWh of power every year. The statistical information base for the solarenergy resource is very solid.

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The US National Solar Radiation record, for example, has logged 30 years of solarradiation and additional meteorological data from 237 sites around the globe.

Figure 1.2 shows the estimated potential energy output from solar PV generatorsin different parts of the world. The calculation used here takes into account theaverage efficiency of modules and converters as well as the correct angle to the

sun required at different latitudes. In terms of final demand, the report SolarElectricity in 2010 (European Photovoltaic Industry Association, 2001) shows that

only the market segment comprising grid-connected PV rooftop systems, themost dynamic growth area in the market, has the potential to generate anaverage of 16% of electricity consumption across the OECD (industrialized)

countries.

WHAT IS PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY?Photovoltaic is a combination of two words: photo, meaning= light, andvoltaic, meaning electricity. Photovoltaic technology, the scientific term usedto describe what we use to convert solar energy into electricity, generateselectricity from light. We use a semi-conductor material which can be adapted torelease electrons, the negatively charged particles that form the basis of

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electricity. The most common semi-conductor material used in photovoltaic (PV)cells is silicon, an element most commonly found in sand.

All PV cells have at least two layers of such semi-conductors, one positivelycharged and one negatively charged. When light shines on the semi-conductor,

the electric field across the junction between these two layers causes electricityto flow, generates DC current. The greater the intensity of the light; the greaterthe flow of electricity.

A photovoltaic system therefore does not need bright sunlight in order tooperate. It also generates electricity on cloudy days by a rationing of the energyoutput that depends on the density of the clouds. Due to the reflection ofsunlight, days with slight cloud can even result in higher energy yields than dayswith a completely cloudless sky. Generating energy through solar PV is quitedifferent from how a solar thermal system works, where the suns rays are usedto generate heat, usually for hot water in a house, swimming pool etc.

THE ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR POWER :

The fuel is free. There are no moving parts to wear out, break down or replace. Only minimal maintenance is required to keep the system running. The systems are modular and can be quickly installed anywhere. It produces no noise, harmful emissions or polluting gases.

TECHNOLOGIES OF PHOTOVOLTICConcentrator cells: focus light from a large area onto a small area ofphotovoltaic material using an optical concentrator (such as a Fresnel lens), thusminimising the quantity of PV cells required. The

two main drawbacks with concentrator systems are that they cannot make useof diffuse sunlight, and must always be directed towards the sun with a trackingsystem.

Spheral solar technology: uses minute silicon beads bonded to an aluminiumfoil matrix. This offers a big cost advantage because of the reduced requirementfor silicon. Two companies, from Canada and Japan, are planning to

commercialize modules with Spheral solar cells, with one of them alreadypredicting a module efficiency of 11%. This represents an excellent example ofthe rapid technical progress in photovoltaic.

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Modules:are clusters of PV cells incorporated into a unit, usuallyby solderingthem together under a sheet of glass. They can be adapted in size to theproposed site, and quickly installed. They are also robust, reliable andweatherproof. Module producers usually guarantee a power output of 80% of

the nominal powereven after 20-25 years.When a PV installation is describedas having a capacity of 3 kWp(peak), this refers to the output of the systemunder standardtesting conditions (STC), allowing comparisons betweendifferentmodules. In central Europe a 3 kWp rated solar electricitysystem, with a modulearea of approximately 27 squaremeters, would produce enough power to meetthe electricitydemand of an energy-conscious household.

Inverters are used to convert the direct current (DC) power generated by a PVgenerator into alternating current (AC) compatible with the local electricitydistribution network. This is essential for grid-connected PV systems. Inverters

are offered in a wide range of power classes, from a few hundred watts throughthe most frequently used range of several kWp (3-6 kWp) up to central invertersfor large-scale systems with several hundred kWp.

COMPONENTS FOR STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEMSStand-alone (off-grid) PV systems contain a BATTERY, frequently of the leadacid type, to store the energy for future use. New high-quality batteries designedespecially for solar applications with lifetimes of up to 15 years are nowavailable. However the lifetime of the battery strongly depends on the batterymanagement and the users behaviour. The battery is connected to the PV arrayvia a CHARGE CONTROLLER. The charge controller protects the battery fromovercharging or discharging, and can also provide information about the state of

the system or enable metering and pre-payment for the electricity used. If ACoutput is needed, an INVERTER is required to convert the DC power from thearray.

TYPES OF PV SYSTEM:

1. GRID CONNECTED:This is the most popular type of solar PV system for homes and businesses in thedeveloped world. Connection to the local electricity network allows any excesspower produced to be sold to the utility. Electricity is then imported from thenetwork outside daylight hours. An inverter is used to convert the DC power

produced by the system to AC power for running normal electrical equipment.In countries with a premium feed-in tariff, this is considerably higher than theusual tariff paid by the customer to the utility, so usually all electricity producedis fed into the public grid and sold to the utility. This is the situation in countriessuch as Germany or Spain.

2. OFF-GRID:

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Completely independent of the grid, the system is connected to a battery via acharge controller, which stores the electricity generated and acts as the mainpower supply. An inverter can be used to provide AC power, enabling the use ofnormal appliances without mains power. Typical off-grid applications areindustrial applications such as repeater stations for mobile phones or rural

electrification. Rural electrification means either small solar home systems (SHS)covering basic electricity needs or solar mini grids, which are larger solarelectricity systems providing electricity for several households.

3. HYBRID SYSTEM:A solar system can be combined with another source of power - a biomassgenerator, a solar turbine or diesel generator to ensure a consistent supply ofelectricity. A hybrid system can be grid connected, stand alone or grid support.

THE SOLAR ENERGY FUTURE

METHODOLOGY AND ASSUMPTIONSIf PV is to have a promising future as a major energy source it must build on theexperiences of those countries that have already led the way in stimulating thesolar energy market. In this section we look forward to what solar power couldachieve - given the right market conditions and an anticipated fall in costs - overthe first two decades of the twenty-first century. As well as projections forinstalled capacity and energy output we also make assessments of the level ofinvestment required, the number of jobs that would be created and the crucial

effect that an increased input from solar electricity will have on greenhouse gasemissions.

This scenario for 2025, together with an extended projection forwards to 2040, isbased on the following core inputs.

PV market development over recent years both globally and in specific regions. National and regional market support programmers. National targets for PV installations and manufacturing capacity. The potential for PV in terms of solar irradiation, the availability of suitable roofspace and the demand for electricity in areas not connected to the grid.

POWER GENERATIONThe global installed capacity of solar power systems would reach 433 GWp by2025. About two thirds of this would be in the grid-connected market, mainly inindustrialized countries. Assuming that 80% of these systems are installed onresidential buildings, and their average size is 3 kWp, each serving the needs ofthree people, the total number of people by then generating their own electricityfrom a grid-connected solar system would reach 290 million. In Europe alone

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there would be roughly 41 million people receiving their supply from grid-connected solar electricity.

In the non-industrialized world approximately 40GWp of solar capacity is expected to have been

installed by 2020 in the rural electrificationsector. Here the assumption is that on average a100 Wp stand-alone system will cover the basicelectricity needs of 3-4 persons per dwelling.Since system sizes are much smaller and thepopulation density greater, this means that UPTO 950 MILLION PEOPLE IN THEDEVELOPING COUNTRIES WOULD BY THENBE USING SOLAR ELECTRICITY. By 2025, morethan 1.6 billion people could get electricity fromoff grid photovoltaic systems. This wouldrepresent a major breakthrough for the

technology from its present emerging status

EMPLOYMENT

More jobs are created in the installation and

servicing of PV systems than in their manufacture.

Based on information provided by the industry, it

has been assumed that, up to 2010, 20 jobs will be

created per MW of capacity during manufacture,

decreasing to 10 jobs per MW between 2010 and

2020. About 30 jobs per MW will be created during

the process of installation, retailing and providing

other local services up to 2010, reducing to 27 jobs

per MW between 2010 and 2020. As far as

maintenance is concerned it is assumed that with

the more efficient business structures and larger

systems in the industrialized world, about one job

will be created per installed MW. Since developing world markets will play a

more significant role beyond 2010, however, the proportion of maintenance work

is assumed to steadily increase up to two jobs per MW by 2020. The result is that

by 2025, AN ESTIMATED 3.2 MILLION FULL-TIME JOBS WOULD HAVE BEENCREATED BY THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR POWER around the world. Over half

of those would be in the installation and marketing of systems.

Pakistans indulgence in solar energy

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ISLAMABAD, April 29-2010 - President Asif Ali Zardari has asked for an early

adoption and utilization of modern solar and geothermal technologies including

solar cookers, geothermal heat pumps, solar water heaters and solar water

pumping etc. to take full advantage of the available natural energy resources, onone hand and to meet the energy requirements of the country, on the other.

The energy crisis has forced upon a vigorous search for out of box, imaginative

and bold solutions, the President said during a briefing given to him on alternate

Pakistan on industrial grid linked electricity production program, the Government

of Pakistan has determined to establish 100 MW Solar Power Farm by June 2011.

This program initiated by the Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB),

involves financing through private sector, land from Government of Sindh and

power purchase by NTDC for HESCO. The Government of Pakistan guarantees

are backed through NEPRA. The Board has recently issued LOIs to 30 nationaland international companies for generation of 1500 MW power through solar

energy.

Solar activity in Pakistan

(2x50) MW Solar Power Generation Project at Gharo , Sindh :

A solar corridor at Gharo-Keti Bandar, Sindh has been identified with an actual

potential of 50,000 MW. The pre-feasibility study of the site has been done by

AEDB. AEDB drafted the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) and the

Implementation Agreement. 8 companies with financial and technical viability

have been short-listed. OEMs/Suppliers like GE, VESTAS and GAMESA have been

short-listed for the project. Three companies have submitted applications toNEPRA for obtaining Generation License. NTDC has submitted the request for

Power Acquisition Permission to NEPRA for procuring power from the proposed

solar plants. HESCO has agreed to purchase the initial 100 MW Solar Power

generated through this project. Private investors have entered the PPA

negotiations with NTDC/WAPDA. Sindh Government has leased out

approximately 5000 Acres of land for the project. AEDB has allocated 1000 acres

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of land each to five (5) investors, namely M/s New Park Energy Ltd., M/s Green

Power, M/s Zephyr Ltd., M/s Win Power Ltd. and M/s Tenaga. Tariff would be

determined by NEPRA in consultation with the IPP and the Power Purchaser i.e.

NTDC, as per Government of Pakistans Policy for Power Generation 2002.

Once the initial target of generating 100 MW through Solar Energy is achieved, itwill be upgraded to 700 MW by the year 2010 and 9700 MW by the year 2030.

100 Solar Homes Program Narian Khorian , Islamabad

The project was successfully executed and implemented by AEDB. The

Honorable Prime Minister of Pakistan inaugurated it on 19 th June 2005. Each of

the 100 households has been provided with 88-Watt Solar Panels, 4 LED lights, a

12 Volt DC fan and a TV socket. In addition, a Solar Geyser and a Solar Cooker

have also been provided to each household.

As part of the community welfare, a Solar Water Desalination Plant has also been

installed and commissioned at the village ensuring the availability of clean

drinking water to the villagers. A Childrens Playground with Solar Powered Lights

has also been developed at the Village. Two Solar Powered Computers have

been provided to the village Mosque/Community Center, which has been air-

conditioned using Solar Energy as well. In addition, an electric vehicle has also

been developed which will act as the first ever Electric Rickshaw in Pakistan. The

batteries of this vehicle are charged with Solar Energy.

100 Solar Homes Program per Province:

The project was executed and implemented in the following villages:

1. Allah Baksh Bazar Dandar, District Kech, Balochistan,

2. Bharo Mal, District Thar, Sindh,

3. Janak, District Kohat, N.W.F.P.,

4. Lakhi Bher, Distrcit D.G. Khan, Punjab.

Each of the 100 households in each village has been provided with 88-Watt Solar

Panels, 4 LED lights, a 12 Volt DC fan and a TV socket. In addition, a Solar

Disinfecting Unit and a Solar Cooker have also been provided to each household.

Pilot Project for Development and Installation of 02 Micro Hydro KaplanPannel:

A 40 kW Kaplan type micro hydel Turbine has been imported from China to

reverse engineer the technology. An R&D lab is being setup for this purpose.

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Another 40 kW Kaplan type micro hydel turbine has been indigenously

manufactured and installed at the Khanpur Dam Canal near the village of Mohra

Morado, Taxila. This turbine is being used to provide electricity to the village

Pilot Project for Installation of Indigenously Developed Micro Solar

Panel:A total of 140 Micro Solar Pannel have been installed at various sites within Sindh

and Balochistan, for providing electricity to the rural households,

Innovative Lighting Systems: LED Lights, Solar Lanterns, Pedal

Generators, Hand Generators and Solar Mobile Phone Chargers have been

indigenously developed by the private sector with AEDBs facilitation. These

products have also been provided to the rural areas that have been electrified

with Solar Energy.

Activities of Pakistan Council for Renewable Energy Technologies

(PCRET)

Photovoltaic (PV) Technology

Solar-Solar-Diesel High hybrid system installed to provide electricity to

two villages in Balochistan through M/s Empower International, New

Zealand.

Two other villages in Balochistan were electrified using PV system.

3000 Laser Detectors were designed and fabricated for incorporating inthe laser land leveling system of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

(PAEC).

4000 Solar Cells and 300 Solar Modules of different sizes were

fabricated indigenously.

Solar Thermal Appliances

A number of appliances including solar water heaters, solar fruit and vegetable

dryers, solar distillation stills for producing clean water, solar room heating

systems and solar cookers have been developed and disseminated for domestic

and commercial applications.

Electrification through Micro Solar Pa nel:

600 houses have been electrified in the remote coastal areas of Sindh

and Balochistan through installation of small solar panel (stand alone)

systems.

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5 villages have been provided with battery charging facilities through a

solar-powered battery-charging center.

500-Watts Solar Turbine has been manufactured locally. The second

(improved) model is under field test.

A reverse osmosis unit is being installed near village Mubarak, Kemari

Town, Karachi for desalination of brackish water.

Pakistans Solar Energy Development Plans

MEDIUM TERM SOLAR ENERGY DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2011-2020

Year Capacity

Installed

(MW)

Cumulative MW of SolarEnergy Installed by Year

End

700 Short Term Plan (2005-2010)700

2011 100 800

2012 100 900

2013 150 1,050

2014 200 1,250

2015 250 1,500

2016 250 1,750

2017 300 2,050

2018 300 2,350

2019 350 2,700

2020 300 3,000

Source: Board of Investment, Government of Pakistan

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DETAILS OF MICRO SOLAR PANNEL INSTALLED IN SINDH &BALOCHISTAN

SINDH - District Thatta

S.No Name of Village HomesElectrified

PannelInstalled

1 Goth Gul Muhammad Khaskheli Thakani, Mirpur Sakro

16 04

2 Goth Haji Jumo Khaskheli Thakani,Mirpur Sakro

23 06

3 Goth Ismail Khaskheli 1 Thakani 15 04

4 Goth Ismail Khaskheli 2 Thakani 05 01

5 Goth Mohd Hasan Khaskheli Thakani,Mirpur Sakro

18 05

6 Goth Haji Abdullah Channo Thakani,Mirpur Sakro

07 02

7 Goth Jamot Hussain Khaskheli Thakani,Mirpur Sakro

11 03

8 Goth Baboo Pahwar Thakani, MirpurSakro

06 02

9 Goth Sher Muhammad Hamaiti Gujjo 40 10

10 Goth Daandaari Ghorabari, U.C. Udaasi 250 40

11 Goth Lukman Ghorabari, U.C. Udaasi 16 04

12 Goth Sammo Ghorabari, U.C. Udaasi 14 03

Total 356 85

13 Daandaari Ghorabari, U.C. Udaasi 01 (10 kilo Watts) Water

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Pumping


BALOCHISTAN - Kund Malir, District Lasbela

S.No Name of Village HomesElectrified

PannelInstalled

1 Goth Meer Isa Kund Malir, Lasbela 03 01

2 Goth Ramzan Kund Malir, Lasbela 15 02

3 Goth Haji Sher Muhammad Kund Malir,Lasbela

35 05

4 Goth Yaaqoob Kund Malir, Lasbela 18 02

5 Goth Mir Abdullah Kund Malir, Lasbela 08 01

6 Goth Haji Washi / Daghari Kund Malir,Lasbela

32 04

Totals 111 15


BALOCHISTAN - Quetta

S.No Name of Recipient Location Pannel Current Status

7 Governor Balochistanon behalf of the

Government ofBalochistan

F.C.Warehou

seQuetta

39 To be installed as per thedirection and advice of the

Irrigation & PowerDepartment Balochistan

Source: Board of Investment, Government ofPakistan

VILLAGES ELECTRIFIED THROUGH SOLARPHTOVOLTAIC DURING 2004-05

Village Name District Province No. of

Houses

Narian Rawalpindi Punjab 53

Khorian Rawalpindi Punjab 57

Allah Baksh Bazar Turbat Balochista 121

Lakhi Bhair D.G. Khan Punjab 135

Bharomal Chachro Sindh 115

Jhanak Kohat N.W.F.P 120

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Total 601Source: Board of Investment, Government of Pakistan

VILLAGES TO BE ELECTRIFIED THROUGH SOLAR PHTOVOLTAIC DURING

2005-06Village name District Province No. of

Houses

Khirzaan Khuzdar Balochistan

100

Basti Bugha D.G. Khan Punjab 100

Pinpario Chachro Sindh 100

Shnow Garri Kohat N.W.F.P 100

Total 400

RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS FOR 2005-06

No. Project Title

1. Roshan Pakistan: National Rural Electrification Programe

through Alternative / Renewable Energy Technologies

2. Solar Homes Project in Each Province

3. Development of Supply Chain Mechanism for PedalGenerators, Hand Generators and LED Lanterns

4. Pilot Project of Production Plant of Bio-Diesel

5. Research on Development of 1 kW Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle inPakistan using Existing Fuel Cell

6. Solar Water Pumping & Desalination

7. Solar Thermal Power Plant Technologies (DemonstrationUnits)

8. Electrification of Villages through Micro Solar Pannel

9. Pilot project for Development and Installation of 02 MicroHydro Kaplan Pannel

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10. Pilot project for Emerging Alternative Energy TechnologiesDemonstration in Pakistan

CONCLUSION

Reports are a helpful channel, but it is peoples behaviour that really changes

things. We encourage politicians and policymakers, global citizens, energy

officials, companies, investors and other interested parties to support solar

power. Solar energy is very useful, particularly in a time when we are concerned

about greenhouse gas emissions from other energy sources. By taking the

crucial steps to help ensure that more than a billion people obtain electricity

from the sun in the future we can harness the full potential of solar power for our

common good.

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