Solar charkha khadi production
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Transcript of Solar charkha khadi production
MGIRI SOLAR CHARKHA A BOON TO KHADI PRODUCTION
Prof. R.B.CHAVAN
FORMER PROFESSOR, IIT DELHI
CONSULTANT
MGIRI, WARDHA
E-MAIL [email protected]
STEPS INVOLVED IN KHADI MANUFACTURE
STEP 1COTTON WITH SEEDS
REMOVAL OF SEEDS (GINNING)
CONVERTING THE GINNED COTTON IN THE FORM OF
COMPRESSED BALES (170 KG.)
TRANSPORTING THE BALES TO TEXTILE MILLS.
ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY NON-KHADI INSTITUTION AT GINNING UNITS
COTTON WITHOUT SEEDS
ALL OPERATIONS MECHANICAL
• OPENING OF THE BALES
• OPENING OF COTTON
• CONVERSION OF OPENED COTTON INTO LAP
• CARDING (CARDED SLIVER)
• DRAWING (DRAWN SLIVER)
• CONVERSION OF SLIVER INTO ROVING
STEP 2
PRE-SPINNING OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS CARRIED OUT AT CENTRAL SLIVER PLANTS OF KVIC
CENTRAL SLIVER PLANTS OF KVIC
1. SEHORE (MADHYA PRADESH)
2. RAIBARELLEY (UTTAR PRADESH)
3. ETAH (UTTAR PRADESH)
4. CHITRADURG (KARNATAKA)
5. TRICHUR (KERALA)
6. HAZIPUR (BIHAR)
IN PLANNIG
7. CHAUDAR (ORISSA)
EQUIPMENTS AND OPERATIONS LIKE IN TEXTILE MILL
ALL OPERATION MECHANICAL
STEP 3
SPINNING
• MANUAL SPINNING (CHARKHA)
• ELECTRICALLY OPERATED CHARKHA
• SOLAR ENERGY OPERATED CHARKHA
• MECHANICAL SPINNING (USE OF
ELECTRICITY) PRACTICED IN
TEXTILE MILLS.
STEP 4WEAVING
Manual Weaving (Handloom weaving)
Mechanical weaving (Powerloom weaving)
STEP 5CHEMICAL PROCESSING
Desizing, scouring, bleaching
Mercerization (Only in case of
cotton)
Dyeing
Printing
Finishing
Checking for faults
Packing
Transport to dealers
Transport to retail shops
Selling to consumers
IN CASE OF KHADI
MARKETING THROUGH
KHADI BHANDARS OF
KHADI INSIUTIONS AND
KVIC
Conversion of finished fabric into garmentsORConversion into useful items like bedsheet, table cloth,curtain etc. Packing Transport to dealersTransport to retail shopsSelling to consumers
IN CASE OF KHADI
MARKETING THROUGH
KHADI BHANDARS OF
KHADI INSIUTIONS AND
KVIC
STEP 6
WORKING OF KHADI INSTIUTIONS
PURCHASE GINNED COTTON IN THE BALE FORM
CENTRAL SLIVER PLANTS
CONVERSION OF COTTON INTO SLIVER (COARSE YARN)
ROVING (FINE YARN)
KHADI INSTIUTION
ROVING FROM CSP
DISTRIBUTION OF ROVING TO SPINNER
MANUAL SPINNING SPINNING ONNMC CHARKHA IN SHED
OR
SPINNING FROM INDIVIDUAL HOMES
YARN IN HANK FORM TO KHADI INSTITUTIONS
WORKING OF KHADI INSTIUTIONS
KHADI INSTITUION
DISTRIBUTION OF YARN TO WEAVERS
WEAVING ON HANDLOOM
IN SHED OR
INDIVIDUAL HOMES
GREY FABRIC TO KHADI INSTITUTION
CHEMICAL PROCESSING AT
KHADI ISNTIUTIONS OR
COMMERCIAL PROCESSORS
CHEMICALLY PROCESSED FABRIC AT KHADI INSTIUTIONS
MARKETING THROUGH KHADI BAHANDARS OF KHADI ISNTITUIONS AND KVIC
MAJOR PROBLEMS FACED BY KHADI INSTIUTIONS IN MANUAL SPINNING
MANUAL SPINNING Manual spinning is laborious
Low production
The operation can be performed from house to house,
however, the wages are very poor (Rs.30-40 per day)
Other avenues are available providing higher wages for less
labour
Attraction towards manual spinning is reducing therefore
there is decrease in employment generation in manual
spinning activity
OPERATION OF CHARKHA BY USING ELECTRICITY THIS IS THE SIMPLEST OPTION FOR THE ELIMINATION OF MANUAL LABOUR, HOWEVER, THERE ARE TWO ISSUES
1. MOST OF THE CHARKHA SPINNING ACTIVITY IS IN VILLAGES, THE AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRICITY IN RURAL INDIA IS INADEQUATE
2. THE YARN PRODUCED BY USING ELECTRICALLY OPERATED CHARKHA DOES NOT MEET THE DEFINITION OF KHADI
FOR THE ABOVE TWO REASONS THE OPTION OF ELECTRICALLY OPERATED CHARKHA IS NOT EXPLORED SERIOUSLY.
ALTERNATE OPTIONS TO MANUAL SPINNING
AMONG THE ABOVE TWO ISSUES, THE ISSUE OF AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRICITY IN RURAL INDIA CAN BE SOLVED BY USING ALTERNATE SOURCE OF ENERGY WHICH CAN BE CONVERTED INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
NO OTHER SOURCE COULD BE BETTER THAN SOLAR ENERGY FOR THIS PURPOSE.
FORTUNATELY, THIS SOURCE OF ENERGY IS ABUNDANTLY AVAILABLE BOTH IN RURAL AS WELL AS URBAN INDIA EXCEPT FEW HILLY REGIONS.
THE KHADI GROUP AT MGIRI WARDHA WITH PAINSTAKING EFFORTS HAS DEVELOPED A CHARKHA WHICH CAN BE OPERATED BY USING SOLAR ENERGY. THIS CHARKHA IS KNOWN AS MGIRI SOLAR CHARKHA.
MGIRI SOLAR CHARKHA
In this system the conventionally available NMC solar charkha of 2, 6, 8 and 10 spindles can be used.
What is required is a attachment of solar system by means of which the charkha can be operated by means of solar energy.
The diagrammatic and pictorial depiction of the system is shown below
SOLAR SYSTEM SCHEMATIC VIEW
SOLAR PANEL
SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER
BATTERY
CHARKHA
MOTOR
SOLAR SYSTEM PICTORIAL SCHEME
MGIRI SOLAR CHARKHA
SOLAR SYSTEM FOR CHARKHA
THE SOLAR SYSTEM WHICH COULD BE ATTACHED TO CONVENTIONAL NMC CHARKHA CONSISTS OF
• SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL FOR CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER TO PREVENT THE OVERCHARGE OF BATTERY
• BATTERY FOR THE STORAGE OF SOLAR ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• MOTOR FOR THE OPERATION OF CHARKHA ON SOLAR ENERGY CONVERTED INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
FEATURES OF MGIRI SOLAR CHARKHA
• 2, 6, 8, 10 spindle NMC charkha can be converted into solar charkha by the attachment of solar system developed by MGIRI.
• The solar charkha can be operated directly using solar panels, however, due to fluctuations in solar energy during the day there is variation in the charkha speed.
• In order to run the charkha at constant speed it is therefore essential to store the solar electrical energy into storage battery. The advantage of such a battery is that the charkha can be operated even in the absence of solar energy for the period depending on the storage capacity of the battery.
• The solar charge controller is essential to prevent the overcharging of battery, increasing the life of the battery.
ADVANTAGES OF MGIRI SOLAR CHARKHA
FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES CAN BE DERIVED IF THE MANUAL CHARKHA IS CONVERTED TO SOLAR CHARKHA
• THE HARDSHIP/DRUDGERY INVOLVED IN THE MANUAL OPERATION OF CHARKHA WILL BE TOTALLY ELIMINATED.
• ONE OPERATOR CAN SUPERVISE THE OPERATION OF MINIMUM OF 3-5 CHARKHAS AT A TIME THUS INCREASING HIS/HER WAGE EARNING THROUGH INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY.
• THE YARN QUALITY WILL BE IMPROVED BECAUSE OF CONSTANT SPEED OF ROTATION, WHICH IS NOT POSSIBLE IN MANUAL OPERATION
• THE PRODUCTIVITY WILL BE IMPROVED THUS GIVING HIGHER WAGES TO THE OPERATOR.
EVEN PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED PERSONS CAN TAKE TO SPINNING ACTIVITY.
FORTUNATELY THE SOLAR ENERGY IS ABUNDANTLY AVAILABLE IN OUR COUNTRY, THE DEPENDENCE ON ELECTRICITY WILL BE TOTALLY ELIMINATED.ONE CAN ALSO EXTEND THE TECHNOLOGY OF PROVIDING SOLAR LIGHTS AND FANS IN RURAL AREAS.
JUSTIFICATION FOR THE ADOPTION OF MGIRI SOLAR CARHKHA BY KVIC
• THERE IS NO DOUBT THAT THE SOLAR ENERGY OPERATED CHARKHA WILL BRING A REVOLUTION IN THE KHADI SECTOR.
• THIS WILL ALSO BRING IN LOT OF DEBATE TO CHANGE THE DEFINITION OF KHADI FOR WHICH A POLICY DECISION WILL BE ESSENTIAL.
• THE TECHNOLOGY WILL PROVIDE A POWERFUL TOOL FOR THE TOTAL ELIMINATION OF THE DRUDGERY OF THE SPINNER. A SERIOUS CONCERN TOWARDS THIS ASPECT WAS EXPRESSED IN EVERY FORUM BY ALL THOSE WHO ARE ASSOCIATED WITH KHADI ACTIVITIES.
• ADAPTATION OF ELECTRICALLY OPERATED MOTORIZED CHARKHA WAS NOT CONSIDERED AS A SOLUTION TO ELIMINATE DRUDGERY BECAUSE THE SORRY STATE OF AFFAIR OF THE AVAILABILITY OF ELECTRICITY IN REMOTE VILLAGES. SOLAR ENERGY PROVIDES THE MOST APPROPRIATE SOLUTION TO THIS PROBLEM.
• IT IS WORTH MENTIONING HERE THAT THE OPERATIONS LIKE PRE-SPINNING (CENTRAL SLIVER PLANT OPERATIONS), PRE-WEAVING OPERATIONS LIKE TWISTING, CONE WINDING ETC AND CHEMICAL PROCESSING OPERATIONS ARE CARRIED OUT USING ELECTRICAL ENERGY. IN FACT PHILOSOPHICALLY IN THE TRUE DEFINITION OF KHADI, ALL THE OPERATIONS SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT MANUALLY, WHICH IS NOT THE CASE IN THE PRESENT KHADI DEFINITION
• GANDHIJI NEVER OBJECTED TO THE INTRODUCTION NEW TECHNOLOGY IN THE KHADI SECTOR.
• ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE PRIZE OF RS 1 LAKH WAY BACK IN 1930S FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED CHARKHA IS A UNIQUE EXAMPLE OF THE IMPORTANCE GIVEN BY GANDHIJI FOR TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS.
• HIS MAIN OBJECTION WAS THAT THE TECHNOLOGY WHICH IS THOUGHT OF SHOULD NOT REPLACE THE HUMAN BEING.
• THE TECHNOLOGY OF SOLAR CHARKHA MEETS THIS REQUIREMENT AS THE SPINNERS WILL STILL BE NEEDED TO SUPERVISE THE BROKEN YARN AND MAINTENANCE OF THE CHARKHA.
• WITH THE INCREASED PRODUCTION OF YARN ON SOLAR CHARKHA THE NUMBER OF LOOMS WILL INCREASE CREATING ADDITIONAL EMPLOYMENT FOR WEAVERS.
•THOUGH ONE SPINNER WILL BE ABLE TO LOOK AFTER 3-5 CHARKHA AS AGAINST ONE SPINNER FOR EACH CHARKHA AS THE PRESENT CASE, IT IS STRONGLY BELIEVED THAT BECAUSE OF THE REMOVAL OF DRUDGERY COMPONENT AND GUARANTEE PROVIDING BETTER WAGE, MANY VILLAGE LADIES WILL BE ATTRACTED TOWARDS THE SOLAR ENERGY OPERATED SPINNING AND THUS INSTEAD OF DECREASING THE NUMBER OF SPINNERS THERE WILL BE INCREASE IN THEIR NUMBER. THUS GENERATING MORE EMPLOYMENT WITH RESPECTABLE WAGE EARNING WITHOUT DRUDGERY.
• THE TECHNOLOGY ALSO PROVIDES AN OPPORTUNITY TO
PROVIDE LIGHTING, FAN AND RADIO OPERATING SYSTEM WITH THE USE OF SOLAR PANEL. THUS THE TECHNOLOGY WILL NOT ONLY PROVIDE THE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES BUT WILL ALSO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN RURAL AREAS. THE RURAL POPULATION HAS BEEN DEPRIVED OF SUCH OPPORTUNITIES FOR AGES.
• LASTLY, SOLAR ENERGY IS A NATURAL ENERGY. IT IS ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY. INDIA IS BLESSED WITH THE ABUNDANCE OF THIS ENERGY.
• HARNESSING SUCH ENERGY IN ECO-FRIENDLY WAY FOR THE BENEFIT OF SOCIETY WILL BE ONE OF THE GREATEST SERVICES RENDERED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATION.
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION
S.No.
Date Venue Event
1. 28.8.08 MGIRI, Wardha Visit of Hon. Chairperson
2. 2.10.08 KVIC, Mumbai Khadi Fest
3. 17.11.08 Gramshilp, Adilabad
Karigar Mela
4. 2-5 Jan.09
National Inst. of Rural Development, Hyderabad
Gramodyog Mela
5. 10-16 Jan.09
Magan Sangrahalaya,Wardha
Khadi Mela
ACCEPTABILITY OF THIS TECHNOLOGY WHICH WILL HAVE FAR REACHING IMPLICATIONS I LEAVE TO THE
WISDOM OF THE AUDIENCE, THE KVIC AUTHORITY AND KHADI SECTOR FOR WHOM THE TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN DEVELOPED