SOIL SUBORDERS
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Transcript of SOIL SUBORDERS
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Mollisols Alfisols Inceptisols Entisols
SOIL SUBORDERS
Example of an Udipsamment, which is an Entisol – A young poorly developed soil in a sandy glacial outwash plain.
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SOIL SUBORDERS Mollisols - grassland soils with high base status
Albolls, Aquolls, Rendolls, Gelolls, Cryolls, Xerolls, Ustolls, andUdolls.
Alfisols - moderately leached soils with a subsurface zone of clay accumulation and >35% base saturation Aqualfs, Cryalfs, Udalfs, Ustalfs, and Xeralfs.
Inceptisols - soils with weakly developed subsurface horizons Aquepts, Anthrepts, Gelepts, Cryepts, Ustepts, Xerepts, and
Udepts.
Entisols - soils with little or no morphological development Wassents, Aquents, Arents, Psamments, Fluvents, andOrthents.
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MOLLISOLS Grassland soils with high base status
Albolls - wet Mollisols with a light- colored horizon formed through Fe reduction
Aquolls - Mollisols with a water table at or near the surface for much of the year
Rendolls - shallow Mollisols over calcareous parent material
Gelolls - Mollisols of very cold cimates (mean annual soil temperature <0°C)
Cryolls - Mollisols of cold climates Xerolls - temperate Mollisols with very dry summers and
moist winters Ustolls - Mollisols of semiarid and subhumid climates Udolls - Mollisols of humid climates
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MOLLISOL DIAGRAM
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MOLLISOL SUBORDER DISTRIBUTION
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EXAMPLE: RENDOLL Southeastern Minnesota Shallow soil Very dark A horizons
overlying calcareous sedimentary PM
Humid Regions: Mean annual precipitation is approximately 35 inches.
Highly calcareous parent material
Not extensive in the US.
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ALFISOLS Moderately leached soils with a subsurface zone
of clay accumulation and >35% base saturation
Aqualfs - Alfisols with a water table at or near the surface for much of the year
Cryalfs - Alfisols of cold climates Ustalfs - Alfisols of semiarid and
subhumid climates Xeralfs - temperate Alfisols with very dry
summers and moist winters Udalfs - Alfisols of humid climates
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ALFISOL DIAGRAM
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ALFISOL SUBORDER DISTRIBUTION
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EXAMPLE: AQUALF Mollic Albaqualf Central Missouri Parent Material: loess with clay
contents of 16% in the Ap horizon to 59% in the Bt horizon.
Abrupt increase in clay across the E-Bt horizon boundary.
Relatively fertile soils because of the high base saturation.
Clay-rich subsoil causes saturation during winter and spring problems for their use and management.
Used for corn, soybean, sorghum production with artificial drainage
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INCEPTISOLS Soils with weakly developed subsurface horizons
Aquepts - Inceptisols with a water table at or near the surface for much of the year
Anthrepts - Inceptisols with evidence of human habitation and farming
Gelepts - Inceptisols of very cold climates (mean annual soil temperature <0°C)
Cryepts - Inceptisols of cold climates Ustepts - Inceptisols of semiarid and subhumid
climates Xerepts - temperate Inceptisols with very dry
summers and moist winters Udepts - Inceptisols of humid climates
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INCEPTISOL DIAGRAM
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INCEPTISOL SUBORDER DISTRIBUTION
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EXAMPLE: UDEPT Lithic Eutrudept Northern Michigan Formed in glacial drift over
limestone Very shallow to bedrock. Note the irregular
boundary between the Bw horizon and the bedrock (R).
Although relatively fertile, too shallow for cultivation
Used for pasture land and timber production.
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ENTISOLS Soils with little or no morphological development
Wassents - Entisols that are submerged for more than 21 hours every day
Aquents - Entisols with a water table at or near the surface for much of the year year
Arents - Entisols that have been disturbed and contain fragments of diagnostic horizons that are not arranged in any discernable order
Psamments - very sandy Entisols Fluvents - alluvial Entisols commonly found on
floodplains Orthents - common Entisols that don't meet
criteria of other suborders
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ENTISOL DIAGRAM
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ENTISOL SUBORDER DISTRIBUTION
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EXAMPLE: FLUVENT SW Wisconsin Fluvial landscapes Stratified layers form
from deposition of fluvial sediment
Thick buried A horizon
Irregular decrease in organic carbon with depth.