soil stabilization using bioenzyme
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SOIL STABILISATION USINGBIO-ENZYME EXTRACTED
FROM NEEM
Presented By
Ashokan K & Sreelekha B,M4, Geotechnical Engg,Dept of Civil Engineering.
Guided by
Dr. K BALAN,Professor,
Dept of Civil Engineering.
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INTRODUCTION
Mechanical stabilisation
Chemical stabilisation
Standard
Non standard
Enzyme
Stabilization, in a broad sense, incorporates the various methods employed for modifying the properties of a soil to improve its engineering performance.
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STABILISATION USING ENZYME
Enzyme is an organic catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction.
Natural, Non toxic, non flammable, Non Corrosive liquid enzyme formulation fermented from vegetable extracts.
Demonstrated by the termites and white Ants- Build the shelter by Ant Saliva.
Stabilization is achieved by Microbial process.
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MECHANISM OF SOIL STABILISATION BY ENZYME
Clay Particle –Water Relation
Negative charge on the surface of clay particles attracts positive (Hydrogen) end of water molecule.
Water molecules are arranged in a definite pattern-Adsorbed layer
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Absorbed water in the structure of soil
Elimination of the absorbed water in the soil
Removal of absorbed water by enzyme
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Role of Enzyme;
Catalyze the reaction between the clay and the organic cations and reduces the adsorbed layer thickness.
Replaces adsorbed water with organic cations, thus neutralizing the negative charge on a clay particle.
Promotes the development of cementatious compounds using the following, general reaction:
H2O + clay Enzyme Calcium Silicate Hydrates
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NEED FOR THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION
Recently developed technique.
Can produce from locally available material
Unclear how these product will work and under what
condition.
To better understand their potential value for road
construction.
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OBJECTIVES
To study the quantitative changes in geotechnical properties of
soil with different dosage of enzyme.
To find out the optimum dosage of enzyme.
To evaluate the influence of curing period, on properties of
soil
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MATERIALS USED Soil sample obtained from Karamana river bank
Bio enzyme extracted from Neem
Bio Enzyme Soil sample
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Andrew et al (2003)
USA Conducted laboratory experiment for effectiveness in sub grade.
CBR value is a poor indicator of direct soil strength
Isaac et al (2003)
India Conducted test on lateritic soil and clay type soil in Kerala
Significant increase in CBR ascuring period increases
Manoj et al (2003)
India Six different types of soil with varying clay content
CBR and UCS increased considerably for soils with high clay content
Roger Bergmann(2000)
USA Practical application for roads
Minimum 2% clay content is required for successful stabilisation
LITERATURE REVIEW
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METHODOLOGY
Chemical analysis of bio-enzyme. Chemical analysis of Soil. Particle size analysis of soil. Atterberg limits of soil. Proctor compaction test for untreated soil. Proctor compaction test for soil treated with bio enzyme. CBR test for untreated soils in dry and soaked conditions CBR test for soils treated with bio enzyme in soaked
conditions and after curing period.
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Sl. No.
Property Value
1 Specific gravity 2.61
2 Particle size
Gravel Nil
Sand
Coarse 0.25
Medium 2.90
Fine 57.98
Silt 38.87
Clay Nil
Sl. No.
Property Value
Cu 12.22
Cc 3.64
IS Classification SM
4 Liquid limit 32.0
5 Max. Dry density, g/cc
1.708
6 Opt. moisture content 18.69
7 CBR
Unsoaked 9.74
Soaked 6.21
Geotechnical Properties of soil;
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TEST RESULTS
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Clay SiltSand
Fine Medium Coarse
Particle size distribution curve;
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TEST RESULTS … Contd
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Liquid limit curve;
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TEST RESULTS … Contd
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Chemical composition;a. Soil
Sl No Chemical Constituents Percentage
1 N 1.742 C 3.843 H 10.814 S 0
LocationChemical Constituents
Sulphate(mg/100gm of soil)
Chloride(mg/100gm of soil) Organic matter
Mankattu Kadavu(Top Layer)
1320 35 19
Mankattu Kadavu (Bottom Layer)
1100 30 11
b. Enzyme
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TEST RESULTS … Contd
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TEST RESULTSCompaction curve;
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… Contd
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Variation of MDD;
TEST RESULTS … Contd
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Variation of OMC;
TEST RESULTS … Contd
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Variation of MDD;
TEST RESULTS … Contd
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Variation of CBR (Soaked);
TEST RESULTS … Contd
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ANALYSIS OF RESULTS Untreated soil;
The soil contains 0.25% coarse, 2.90% medium, 57.98% Fine sand and 38.87% silt & clay. IS classification is SM (silty sand)
The liquid limit of the soil is 32.00%.
For light compaction test, the MDD and OMC are 1.708 gm/cc and 18.69% respectively.
CBR values for unsoaked and soaked condition for light compaction are 9.74% and 6.21%.
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Soil treated with enzyme; The seven different enzyme dosages are used to stabilize the
soil for finding the optimum dosage. Effect on Light Compaction; There is no significant variation in MDD for dosage up to
0.70% and further increase in dosage, MDD values are decreasing.
Effect on CBR; CBR test is conducted with 19% Enzyme dosage for curing
period of one and two weeks under soaked condition. Soaked CBR value after two weeks curing increased by 81%
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS … Contd
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CONCLUSION MDD of the soil sample has been reduced considerably after
increasing the dosage of bioenzyme. This may be due to the soil sample is being sandy soil are less reactive with enzyme.
Reasonable amount of clay content (min. 2%) is essential for better result.
The CBR value under soaked condition has increased by 81% on addition of enzyme and after a curing period of two weeks.
The recommendation of bioenzymes for field use has to be done only after conducting independent laboratory testing.
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REFERENCES
1. Andrew, R.T., Fadi, M.S., Nicholos, E.H. and Elahe, M., (2003), “An Evaluation of Strength change on Sub grade soils stabilized with an Enzyme Catalyst solution using CBR and SSG comparisons”, Geomatrics, Inc. Columbia, Sc 29210, USA.
2. Bergmann, R., (2000), “Soil Stabilizers on Universally Accessible Trials”, Federal Highway Administration, Unites States Department of Transportation.
3. Brazetti, R. and Murphy, S.R., (2000), “General usage of Bio-Enzyme stabilizers in Road Construction in Brazil”, 32nd annual meeting on paving Brazil
4. Hitam, A. and Yusof, A., (1998), “Soil stabilizers for plantation road”, National seminar on Mechanisation in Oil Palm Plantation, Selangor, Malaysia.
5. Isaac, K.P., Biju, P.B. and Veerararagavan, A., (2003), “Soil stabilization using Bio-Enzyme for Rural Roads”, Presented at the IRC Seminar: integrated Development of Rural an Arterial Road Networks for Socio- Economic development, New Delhi.
6. Lacuoture, A. and Gonzalez, H., (1995), “Usage of Organic Enzymes for the stabilization of Natural base soils and sub bases in Bagota”, Pontificia Universidad Jevariana, Faculty of Engineering.
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7. Manoj Shukla, Sunil Bose and Sikdar, P.K., (2003), “Bio-Enzyme for stabilization of soil in Road construction a cost effective approach”, Presented at the IRC Seminar: Integrated Development of Rural and Arterial Road Networks for Socio-Economic development, New Delhi.
8. Mohd Raihan Taha, Tanveer A Khan, Ibtehaj Taha Jawad, Ali Akbar Firoozi and Ali Asghar Foroozi,(2013), “Recent Experimental Studies in Soil Stabilisation with Bio-Enzyme-A Review”, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineer-ing, Vol.18,Bund.R.,pp 3881-3894.
9. Ravi Shankar, A.U., Harsha Kumar, Rai and Ramesha Mithanthaya, I.,(2009), “Bio-enzyme stabilized lateritic soil as a highway material”. Journal of Indian Road Congress, 553, pp 143-151.
10. Shirsavkar,S.S. and Karanne,S.S.,(2010),“Innovation in road construction using natural polymer”, Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineer-ing, Vol.15,Bund.O.,pp 1614-1624.
REFERENCES … Contd
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THANK YOU