Soil respiration and cropping system diversityagresearch.montana.edu/carc/reports-pdf/Eberly...
Transcript of Soil respiration and cropping system diversityagresearch.montana.edu/carc/reports-pdf/Eberly...
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Soil respiration and cropping system diversity
Jed Eberly Central Ag Research Center
December 10, 2019
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What is soil respiration?
• Emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the soil • Due to activity of macro- and microorganisms
in the soil
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Why is it important?
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/
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http://changingclimate.osu.edu/features/accounting-for-carbon
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Biomass nitrogen
Plant available nitrogen
Mineralization
N-mineralization
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Nitrogen Management• Maximize return• Minimize cost
http://www.smart-fertilizer.com/articles/nitrogenHawkesford (2014) J Cereal Science. 59(3): 276-283
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What controls soil respiration rates?
• Temperature• Moisture• Soil physical properties• Nutrient availability (e.g. N, P, Ca)• Availability and quality of soil carbon• Type and abundance of soil microorganisms
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What controls soil respiration rates?
• Temperature• Moisture• Soil physical properties• Nutrient availability (e.g. N, P, Ca)• Availability and quality of soil carbon• Type and abundance of soil microorganisms
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Project Objectives
• Determine the impact of increased cropping system diversity on respiration
• Measure the contribution of N mineralization to the N budget
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Rotation And Tillage Study
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Rotation And Tillage Study
• Microbial activity• Nitrogen
mineralization• Microbial community– Structure– Function
Winter wheat Fallow
Winter wheat
Spring wheat
Winter wheat Barley Winter
lentil
Winter wheat Barley Spring
pea
Spring wheat
Spring pea
Prosomillet Safflower
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Methods
• Soil sampling– Total N– Nitrate N
• Soil respiration• N mineralization
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age
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mol
m−2
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Treatment SP−MIL−SAF−SW WW−SW
Methods
+ ATP Luciferase
LuciferinLight
Soil core
Resin
Mineralization
Biomass
Soil Respiration
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Respiration rate of changeRain event WW-SW SP-MIL-SAF-SW
5/16/19 0.42 0.225/27/19 0.44 0.316/11/19 0.16 0.246/22/19 0.37 0.279/24/19 0.20 0.18
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Fall 2018 Spring 2019
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Factor Rs (2018) Rs (2019)
Cropping system (CS) <0.001 0.192
Soil Temperature <0.001 <0.001
Soil Moisture 0.899 <0.001
Air Temperature <0.001 0.010
CS*Soil Temperature 0.333 0.391
CS*Soil Moisture 0.732 0.088
CS*Air Temperature 0.001 0.042
Soil temp*Soil moisture 0.038 <0.001
CS*Soil temp*Soil moisture <0.001 0.667
ANOVA
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Results
SW-WW
SP-MIL-
SAF-SW
0
1
2
3
4
Nitr
ate-
N (p
pm)
SW-W
W
SP-MIL-
SAF-SW
1000
1500
2000
2500
Tota
l N (p
pm)
**
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Expected OutcomesTemperature & Precipitation effects on activity
Determine differences in N-mineralization in diversified cropping systems
• Provide guidance for fertilizer application
• Leaching risk
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Acknowledgements
Project Personnel• Pat Carr• Clain Jones• Simon Fordyce
CARC Staff• Eva Magnuson• Jenni Hammontree
FundingMontana Fertilizer Advisory Committee
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Questions
Jed EberlyAssistant ProfessorMSU Central Ag Research Center52583 US Hwy 87Moccasin, MT 59462Phone: 406.423.5421Email: [email protected]
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