Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My...
Transcript of Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My...
![Page 1: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
LOTS OF HAMMERS
An Overview of Soil Remediation
Santa Susana Site
111
Charles Newell, Ph.D., P.E., BCEEGSI Environmental [email protected] 522 6300
Santa Susana Site
THERE’S A PROBLEM.
22
![Page 2: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
33
IT’S BEEN DIFFICULT TO FIX.
44
BUT WE’VE BEEN CLEVER
![Page 3: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
55
WE CAN MAKE IT BETTER
Road Map
66
![Page 4: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Who is This Person? “Activist?”
77
Who is This Person? Student
88
![Page 5: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Who is This Person? Environmental Engineer
99
Recent Projects
1010
![Page 6: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
• General Overview of Soil Remediation
My Assignment Here
• Easy on the Nerd Quotient
• “Cold Eyes Review” – No site conditions
1111
• Assume this is first and last trip
• My opinions only
1. Releases Happened
What’s the Game, What Are the Rules
2. You’ve Got Find It
3. Pick the Hammer You Are Going To Use
4. Use the Hammer
1212
![Page 7: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
1313
Common Soil Contaminant Chemicals
Fuels ue s
benzene
1414
Tri – chloro - etheneChlorinated Solvents
![Page 8: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Others
PAHs: Polycyclic
PCBs: Polychlorinated
Dioxins: Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
15
Metals Cr(III), Cr(VI), Pb, Hg
Radionuclides 99Tc, 90Sr, 129I
16
![Page 9: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Common Soil Contaminant Chemicals
Fuels
F S O M R !Chlorinated Solvents
Others
17
Metals
Radionuclides
Chemicals Have Personalities
● Toxic personality?Toxic personality?
● Restless personality?
● Stable personality?
18
![Page 10: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Things That Happen in Soil
Volatilization(Smell it?)(Smell it?)
Adsorption (Stickiness)
19
Leaching(Sugar in tea)
Factors that affect personality:
But Environmental Factors are Important
- Mixtures of contaminants
- Clay vs Sand
20
- Oxygen vs no oxygen
![Page 11: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Part 1: Releases Happened….
Volatilization
Surface Runoff
1 Into air, water?
2 Held in soil. Sorption / Biodegradation /
21
3 Reach groundwater?
Groundwater
Risk/Concern:On-Site Off-Site
Soil ExposuresConcerns and Response
• Vapor / dust inhalation
• Dermal contact
22
= Point of Exposure
• Impact groundwater
![Page 12: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Dig it up, put in landfill
Example Responses (“Hammers”)
landfill
or
Apply In-Place Treatment Technologyr ….
or
On-Site Off-Site
23
= Point of Exposure
or
Immobilize / contain
1. Releases Happened
2. You’ve Got Find It
What’s the Game, What Are the Rules
2. You ve Got Find It3. Pick the Hammer You Are Going To Use
4. Use the Hammer
24
![Page 13: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
N
TCE
500
SCALE (FT)
>10 ug/kg>10 ug/kg
>100 ug/kg>100 ug/kg
>1000 ug/kg>1000 ug/kg
>1 ug/kg>1 ug/kg
Non-DetectNon-Detect
25
50-60 feet
What is a μg/kg?
“g” stands for a gram.
“h d d di id b illi ” 2
N D t tN D t t
μ “hey dude, divide by a million”
K “hey dude, multiply by a thousand”
2 grams
Just assume it is a“P t P Billi ” b
>10 ppb>10 ppb
>100 ppb>100 ppb
>1000 ppb>1000 ppb
>1 ppb>1 ppb
Non DetectNon Detect
26
“Part Per Billion” or ppb
Key thing: you compare to the cleanup goal
![Page 14: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
South
B'North
B
Silt
Fill
Silt/ClSilt/Clay
Silt
Silt/Clay
Silt/Clay
Silt
Silt/Cla
27
Silt
Clay
Silt/Clay
y
Silt
Clay
Silt/Clay
Site Assessment Procedures
Subsurface Soil Sampling
DrillHydrogeologist: Ready for Core
Logging
Drill Rig
Auger
28
Drums for Soil
Cuttings
MovieMovie
![Page 15: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
29
Soil Sample Collection
TYPES OF SAMPLES
•Background
•Duplicate (“Dup”)
Put Sample in Jar
Ship to a Lab
30
Preserve samples
on ice
a Lab
![Page 16: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Petroleum Products:What’s In There?Petroleum Products:What’s In There?
GasGas Chromatography Analysis:
Crude Oil
Gasoline
31
Lube OilFuel OilKerosene
Diesel
Site Description: 2006 Soil Conc.
TCE 500
SCALE (FT)
N
cis-DCE
>10 ug/kg>10 ug/kg>100 ug/kg>100 ug/kg>1000 ug/kg>1000 ug/kg
>1 ug/kg>1 ug/kgNDND
0-20 ft-bgs 20-50 ft-bgs 50-60 ft-bgs
>10 ug/kg>10 ug/kg>100 ug/kg>100 ug/kg>1000 ug/kg>1000 ug/kg
>1 ug/kg>1 ug/kgNDND
0-20 ft-bgs 20-50 ft-bgs 50-60 ft-bgs
32
![Page 17: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
EVS-PROC Tech
33
Animation provided courtesy C Tech Development Corporation - www.ctech.com
Group Exercise:
“Its dark down there..”
34
![Page 18: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
1. Releases Happened
2 Y ’ G t Fi d It
What’s the Game, What Are the Rules
2. You’ve Got Find It
3. Pick the Hammer You Are Going To Use
4. Use the Hammer
35
Key Hammers
Change and
Dig and haul
move to surface
36
Convert with bugs or
chemicals Immobilize
![Page 19: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
37
Excavation & Disposal / Treatment: Overview
Haul To Off-Site Landfill
On-Site or Off-Site
Thermal Treatment
38
On-Site Treatment
![Page 20: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
39
40
![Page 21: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Excavation & Disposal / Treatment: Design Considerations
● Depth: < 25 feet
● Above water table
● Diggable?
● How far away is away
● Community issues,
41
Community issues, Sustainability
Stockpiled soil
42
Google: EPA Citizen's Guide remediation technology
42
![Page 22: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
NERDNERDNERDALERTNERDALERT
43
Excavation & Disposal: How Many Trucks?
Assume football field of dirt, dig down 20 feet
44
![Page 23: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
● Dump truck holds 25 tons of soil
S il i f t dd 30%
Excavation & Disposal: Design Considerations
● Soil expansion factor: add 30%
● 360 feet by 160 feet by 20 feet
● Volume: 1.5 million cubic feet of soil
● 120 pounds per cubic foot soil
● 2000 pounds per ton
45
● 2000 pounds per ton
● 90,000 tons of soil to be moved
TOTAL: 3600 trucks
Soil Vapor Extraction: Overview
Vapors are
Blower - released- soaked up- burned
Air vacuum extracts volatile contaminants from the
46
Well Screen
soil.
![Page 24: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Likelihood ofSuccess
�CV OCVapor Pressure
(mm Hg)
Soil AirPermeability
Design ConsiderationsSoil Vapor Extraction:
104
103
102
101
100
Butane
Benzene
Xylene
HIGH(Coarse Sand /Gravel)
MEDIUM(Fine S d)
VeryLikely
SomewhatLikely
47
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4Aldicarb
Sand)
LOW(Clay or Silt)
LessLikely
Source: CDM, 1988
Likelihood ofSuccess
�CV OCVapor Pressure
(mm Hg)
Soil AirPermeability
Design ConsiderationsSoil Vapor Extraction:
104
103
102
101
100
Butane
Benzene
Xylene
HIGH(Coarse Sand /Gravel)
MEDIUM(Fine S d)
VeryLikely
SomewhatLikely
48Source: CDM, 1988
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4Aldicarb
Sand)
LOW(Clay or Silt)
LessLikely
![Page 25: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Soil Vapor Extraction:Equipment Options
Radius of Well Influence) Well
49
Contaminated Soil
50
![Page 26: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
5151
52
![Page 27: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Asymptote
53
Contaminant storage and release processes in low permeability zone is is governed by concentrations gradients that occur at scales of centimeters to millimeters.
Diffusion into Clays
84 cm
A
54
107 cm
B
C
D
Day 28 MovieMovie
![Page 28: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
5555Microblowe Baroball
56
![Page 29: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Chemical Oxidation: OverviewChemical Oxidation: Overview
Add Chemical:
• Ozone Peroxide Permanganate
57
Chemical Oxidation: OverviewChemical Oxidation: Overview
Using variety methods:• Direct-push probes
• Drilled wells
• Specialized injectors
• Soil mixingTreated columnsTreated columns
58
![Page 30: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
59
mic
al
H2O2
t al,
2011
. In
Situ
Che
mnd
wat
er R
emed
iatio
nNaMnO4 Injection Wells: TCE
2 2Direct-Push Probes: CB
60
Sou
rce:
Sie
gris
t e
Oxi
datio
n fo
r G
rou
Na2S2O8 Direct-Push Propes: Pesticides
NaMnO4 Multi-Level Inj. Wells: VOCs
![Page 31: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Direct Push Injection
61MovieMovie
X-SECTION
Silt
62
Sand
Adapted from: ITRC 2005
![Page 32: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
X-SECTION
Silt
63
Sand
Adapted from: ITRC 2005
X-SECTION
Silt
64
Adapted from: ITRC 2005
Sand
![Page 33: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Fuel TerminalAbout 0.5 acresTreatment zone 2 to 8 feet
Fuel TerminalAbout 0.5 acresTreatment zone 2 to 8 feet
10 sparge pointsAdded Ozone gasOperated for 8 weeks90% reduction
10 sparge pointsAdded Ozone gasOperated for 8 weeks90% reduction
65
Source: ITRC 2005
Photo Courtesy of Redox Tech 66
![Page 34: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Applying Persulfate
Photo Courtesy of Redox Tech 67
Photo Courtesy of Redox Tech
![Page 35: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Photo Courtesy of Redox TechPhoto Courtesy of Redox Tech 69
RegenOx InjectionsGalveston Sulfur TerminalOctober‐November 2011
![Page 36: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Reagents
Part B(Activator‐ Liquid)
Part A(Oxidizer ‐ Powder)
Part B(Activator‐ Liquid)
Part A(Oxidizer ‐ Powder)
![Page 37: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Part A + B
Injection Equipment
Mixing TanksDirect Push Rig
Injection Pump
![Page 38: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
RegenOx Mixing (Part A)
80 lbs Part A40 lbs Part B190 gallon solution(totals per location)
Mixing Rod
GSI
Part A
Solution –190 gals
GSI
Recirculation Hose
Issues
Minor breakthrough in borehole
Injection Location
Breakthrough Location
Breakthrough at surface
![Page 39: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Looking to the N
Completed LocationsCompleted LocationsGSI
10‐ft
10‐ft
6‐ft?
Event Points Days Reagents(lbs)
H20(gal)
Total Solution (gal)
1 60 11 7,200 lbs 10,620 11,400
2 59 10 7,080 lbs 10,443 11,210
Total 119 21 14,280 lbs 21,063 22,610
Deep Soil Mixing/ ZVI Clay
Technology Developers: DuPont, now all Colorado State
Destroys chlorinated solvents
Mixes iron filings and special clay together
78
Source: CSU 78MovieMovie
![Page 40: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
79
Soil Flushing
Add Detergent, Run Through Soil Zone
80
![Page 41: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Thermal Remediation: Overview
HEAT: MOBILIZES, DESTROYS CHEMICALS
RUN ELECTRICITYTHROUGH SOIL
HOT RODS IN GROUND
81
Source: TerraTherm
Thermal:ApplicabilityThermal:Applicability
Better performance than other in placethan other in-place technologies
Can be costly
Need SVE
Access, sustainability
82Source: TerraTherm, Conley et. al
issues
![Page 42: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Areas to be Cleaned Up in Southwestern Tank Farm
84
![Page 43: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
Richmond Site Cross-Section
8585
86
![Page 44: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
87
RichmondResultsRichmondResults
on
)S
oil
Co
nc.
(p
art
per
bill
io
99.96% 99.63% 99.03% 99.49%Results
PCE TCE Cis-1,2-DCE
VC
88
![Page 45: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Project completed on time and on budget-- Performance guaranteed-- Remedial goals achieved
7 months for construction and treatmentTotal TT Project Cost: $1.7 MCost of power: $250KCost of power: $250KPost-development value: ~ $300M
89
90
![Page 46: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
Biodegradation: OverviewBiodegradation: Overview
91
Bioventing System (for “F” Chemicals)Bioventing System (for “F” Chemicals)
92
![Page 47: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
ADD VEGETABLE OIL (for “S” Chemicals)ADD VEGETABLE OIL (for “S” Chemicals)
93
94
![Page 48: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
95
NERDNERDNERDALERTNERDALERT
96
![Page 49: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
Research Team – Hydrogen Addition
97
Why Researching Hydrogen?Why Researching Hydrogen?
Hydrogen+Bugs Converts Chlorinated Solvents
9898
![Page 50: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
Gas Injection System Gas Injection System
99
PHYTOREMEDIATIONPHYTOREMEDIATION
100
http://srel.uga.edu/outreach/snapshots/phytoremediation.htmMovieMovie
![Page 51: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
Sunflower Arsenic
Willow Cadmium
PLANTS USED FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION
Indian Mustard Lead
Barley Salt
Poplars Chlorinated Solvents Hydrocarbons
101
y
Bullrush Explosives
Beet, sorghum Cesium
Guadalupe Oil FieldCal Poly
![Page 52: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
2001
2005
![Page 53: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
106
![Page 54: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
Monitored Natural Attenuation
Volatilize
Biodegrade Immobilize
Immobilize metals and rads?
Immobilize metals and rads? NERD
ALERTNERDALERT
108
![Page 55: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
The Scenarios Approach to Attenuation-Based Remedies for Inorganic and Radionuclide Contaminants
The Scenarios Approach to Attenuation-Based Remedies for Inorganic and Radionuclide Contaminants
109
Michael Truex, Pat Brady, Charles Newell, Michal Rysz,
Miles Denham, and Karen Vangelas
Three Key Factors for Metals & Rads Immobilization
ORP: Oxidation Reduction Potential
Translation: Oxygen or no oxygen?Translation: Oxygen or no oxygen?
CEC: Cation Exchange Capacity
Translation: Lot of reactive clay?
110
SIO: Sediment Iron Oxide
Translation: Red soil?
![Page 56: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
Another Example of Contaminant Mobility Chart
Source: Truex et al. 2011. SRNL‐STI‐2011‐00459
1111SIO: Sediment Iron Oxide 111
Very Briefly…
112
![Page 57: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
Very briefly….
► Solidification / StabilizationStabilization
113
► Electrokinetic Separation
When Do I Use What Hammer?
Usually Look at Excavation
Reliable proven technology- Reliable, proven technology
- Sometimes cost, community concerns
In-situ Remediation - Immobilization
- Can be complicated – lots of physics, h i t bi l
114
chemistry, biology
- Lots of rules (and exceptions!) (see next slides)
![Page 58: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
BetterBetter
AverageAverage
WorseWorse
ww
w.epa.g
ov/tio/tsp/dow
nloa
d/542f06
115115
6013.pdf
Fuels(F)
Soil Vapor Extraction Light
Heavy
Ch i l O id tiChemical Oxidation
Bioremediation
Phytoremediation
116
Phytoremediation
Thermal
Better WorseBetter Average Worse
![Page 59: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
Radionuclides(R)
Soil Vapor Extraction
S lidifi ti /St bili ti
For detailed info, see EPA’s 1996 Technology Screening Guide for Radioactive Sites.
Solidification/Stabilization
BioremediationDepends
Phytoremediation
117
Phytoremediation
Electrokinetic Stabilization
Better WorseBetter Average Worse
Key Resources Regarding Hammers
1. EPA Citizen’s Guide to Technology
Google: epa Citizen's Guide remediation technology
2. Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable
http://www.frtr.gov/
3. U.S. EPA’s In-Situ Treatment Technologies for Contaminated Soil
www.epa.gov/tio/tsp/download/542f06013.pdf
4. Environmental Consultants and Vendors
118
5. Regulatory Agencies
6. Universities
7. Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council
http://www.itrcweb.org/
![Page 60: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
SMART means:
Functional Objectives Should be SMARTFunctional Objectives Should be SMART
Specific
Measureable
Attainable
Relevant
119
http://www.itrcweb.org/guidancedocument.asp?TID=70
Time-bound
1. Releases Happened
What’s the Game, What Are the RulesWhat’s the Game, What Are the Rules
2. You’ve Got Find It
3. Pick the Hammer You Are Going To Use
4. Use the Hammer
120
![Page 61: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
THERE’S A PROBLEM..
121
Four Main Hammers..
Change and
Dig and haul
move to surface
122
Convert with bugs or chemicals Immobilize
![Page 62: Soil Remediation Overview Final · 2012-03-13 · 6 • General Overview of Soil Remediation My Assignment Here • Easy on the Nerd Quotient • “Cold Eyes Review” – No site](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022040601/5e8f48ba147ca007e0002906/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
We Can Make It Better
123