Soil Long-term Nutrient Dynamics Under No-Till A Farm Experience in Brazil
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Long-term Nutrient Dynami Under No-Till A Farm Experience in Brazil Romulo Pisa Lollat
description
Soil Long-term Nutrient Dynamics Under No-Till A Farm Experience in Brazil. Romulo Pisa Lollato. Climate characteristics. Temperature: Average: 65.5ºF or 18.6ºC Winter average < 64.4F or 18C Summer average > 71.6F or 22C Altitude: 2690 feet or 820m Climate: Humid Subtropical - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Soil Long-term Nutrient Dynamics Under No-Till A Farm Experience in Brazil
Soil Long-term Nutrient Dynamics Under No-Till
A Farm Experience in BrazilRomulo Pisa Lollato
Climate characteristics
• Temperature:– Average: 65.5ºF or 18.6ºC– Winter average < 64.4F or 18C– Summer average > 71.6F or 22C
• Altitude: 2690 feet or 820m • Climate: Humid Subtropical • Rainfall
– Total year: 74 inches or 1879mm
Graph 1. Rainfall distribuiton along the year
Year
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rai
nfal
l (in
ches
)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Farm HistorySanto Expedito Farm Marco Antônio Lollato (Farmer) Land acquired in 1978 Total area - 277 acres (112 ha)
- Cropland: 218 acres (88ha)- Natural vegetation (forest): 59 acres (24ha)- Tamarana – PR, Brazil- Lat. 23°68`S- Rhodic Hapludox
HISTORY
CROP ROTATION- 1978: half of the area in cropland and half in native weeds and bushwoods
- whole area was cleaned, except legal reserve (20%) - 1978 – 1982: corn/dry beans/lupine – conventional till
- 1983 – 1985: corn/dry beans/lupine – no-till- 1986 – today: summer - two year soybean
- one year corn/dry beans winter – wheat/triticale/oat – no-till
no-till
HISTORY
LIMING
• 1980 - 1988: Dolomitic Aglime - 4,000 Kg/ha one in each two years
• 1988 – 2000: Calcitic Aglime - 2,000 Kg/ha one in each four years
CONSERVATION HISTORY
- 1978 – Cropland terraced
- 1982 – Started no-till
half of the terraces were removed (alternating)
- 1984 – Removed half of the remaining terraces (alternating)
- 1986 – All remaining terraces removed
- Use of high biomass corn, soybean, dry bean, wheat, oat and triticale
varieties (seeking high straw production)
- 2007 – Plowing small area to correct soil microrelieve – water
erosion
Soil Organic Matter, pH and main nutrients levelsat the Santo Expedito farm
Soil Samples
- Depth: 0 – 8 inches (0 – 20 cm)
- One representative sample of five to eight subsamples, to each 44 acres (approximately)
- 5 representative samples for the whole area
Graph 2. Soil organic matter levels along the years under no tillage system
Year
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
O.M
. (%
)
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
Forest SoilField Soil
Graph 3. Soil phosphorus levels along the years under no tillage system
Year
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
P (p
pm)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Forest SoilField Soil
Graph 4. Soil potassium levels along the years under no tillage system
Year
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
K (p
pm)
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Forest SoilField Soil
Graph 5. Soil calcium levels along the years under no tillage system
Year
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Ca
(mE
q/10
0g)
2
3
4
5
6
7
Year vs Ca forest Year vs Ca field
Graph 6. Soil magnesium levels along the years under no tillage system
Year
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Mg
(mE
q/10
0g)
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
Forest SoilField Soil
Graph 7. Soil pH levels along the years under no tillage system
Year
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
pH
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
Forest SoilField Soil
SOM, pH and main nutrients levels at the Santo Expedito farm. Tamarana, PR, Brazil. 1980 - 2006.
N.F. Till (3 yrs) No Till (5 yrs) No Till (26 yrs)
O.M. (%) 5.6 3.3 4.1 5.6
P (ppm) 1 5 8 17
K (ppm) 142 85 160 160
Ca (mEq/100g) 3.9 2.6 5.1 5
Mg (mEq/100g) 1.7 1.6 2.5 2.7pH (CaCl2) 4.1 5.3 5.4 5.5
O.M – Organic matterN.F. – Natural Forest
Romulo Pisa [email protected]@hotmail.com405 385 1982
