Soil & Landscape Mapping Technologies
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Transcript of Soil & Landscape Mapping Technologies
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Soil & Landscape Mapping Technologies
Brendan Torpy, Precision Agriculture
@AgPrecision
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Actively manage PREDICTABLE and KEY YIELD CONSTRAINT issues
Direct map soil pH, Colwell P & Colwell K variability
Map soil/landscape variability – Texture, rooting depth, subsoil constraints, OC
Use NDVI and yield maps to record the success of above and help define problem areas for targeted actions
Precision Ag Principles
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Our PA cycle
DATA
INSIGHT ACTION
Powering agriculture through the application of technology
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Typical Precision Ag Road Map
1) Digital Farm Maps
2) Variable Rate Lime
3) Variable Rate P
4) EM38 & Topography Mapping – Gypsum, Nitrogen, Drainage
5) Satellite Imagery & Yield Data
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Typical Precision Ag Road Map
1) Digital Farm Maps
2) Variable Rate Lime
3) Variable Rate P
4) EM38 & Topography Mapping – Gypsum, Nitrogen, Drainage
5) Satellite Imagery & Yield Data
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Direct Soil Mapping
Rapid soil sampling and soil laboratory analysis enables grid:
Soil pH(cacl2) VR Lime
Phosphorus VR Phosphorus Potassium VR Potassium
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Direct Soil Mapping
2ha sampling grid 8 x 0-10cm cores collected over 100m transect per 2ha
Each soil sample lab analysed at accredited lab
Strategic soil texture & PBI measurements
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VR Lime South West VIC 51ha paddock, Pura Pura - Target pH 5.5 (CaCl2)
Traditional Approach (2.5t/ha lime blanket rate) = 128 tonnes
VR Approach (average rate = 1.1t/ha) = 56 tonnes
Lime Cost = $45/tonne (delivered & spread)
Lime Saving = 72 tonnes or $3,240 (56%)
Mapping Cost = $714
Total Saving = $2,526 (3.5:1 ROI)
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VR Phosphorus Colwell P measurements on 2ha grid
20% savings without yield penalties
Integrate PBI, target yields into VR
decisions
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45ha paddock, South West Victoria 10ha (22%) below critical Colwell P level 23ha (50%) standard rate
12ha (28%) reduced rate
Opportunities for 20-30% MAP savings
VR Phosphorus
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VR Phosphorus Seeder vs Spreader
Seeder limitations limiting VR P – not wanting to vary traces/fungicides Seeding base rate
Pre-sowing VR P spreading
Science suggests surface spread OK if being applied for maintenance
purposes NOT for response that season
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Typical Precision Ag Road Map
1) Digital Farm Maps
2) Variable Rate Lime
3) Variable Rate P
4) EM38 & Topography Mapping – Gypsum, Nitrogen, Drainage
5) Satellite Imagery & Yield Data
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An EM38 sensor measures the bulk/apparent electrical conductivity of soils. Water Salts Clay Rock
Within the soil profile
Soil Conductivity Mapping
EM38 sensors are most sensitive to soil conductivity at depths of 0.3-0.5m and 0.75-1m.
Ideally mapped at drained upper limit or
when profile is completely dry
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Why map your soils?
When it makes sense to do so!
When there is a clear link between soil type and production, thus potential for zonal management
Accurately defining known soil/landscape constraints such as salinity, sodicity, waterlogging and sand ridges
You may only need to map certain paddocks? Integrate into a Precision Ag Implementation Plan for your farm
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Landscape Zoning – EM38 & Elevation EM38 & Elevation
One off investment Delineate soil texture zones, PAWC
Ground truth to understand soil
characteristics/constraints
Assist with gypsum, drainage and nitrogen management
Sandy Loam Organic Carbon 1.7%
Salt below 60cm
Sandy Clay Loam Organic Carbon 3.5%
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3.8t/ha
2.5t/ha
Soil Conductivity (EM38) Survey 2015 Wheat Yield
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Soil & Plant Relationships
Avoid trying to draw conclusions from years of historical data Focus on key years/crop types relevant to the issue being managed
First focus on yield unlock opportunities
Second focus on managing inputs to potential
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Yield Maps and Farmer Knowledge
Prescription map with calibration strip
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520ha
Crop establishment response to soil texture
Crop biomass (NDVI) tells the story
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Potential Actions from Soil Maps
pH Mapping VR lime
Nutrient Mapping VR P & K fertiliser
Elevation Mapping Drainage Soil EM mapping coupled with zonal soil testing VR nitrogen * VR gypsum and manure * VR seeding* Crop rotations Strategic pest control*
* Integrate yield and/or NDVI data to develop strategy
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Rapid Soil Analysis on the Horizon
X-Ray and Spectrometry technology Potential for instant results for soil
WHC, pH and numerous chemical and physical attributes
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Use PA to help address key yield limiting constraints first
Focus on the need, not the technology!
Have a road map for implementing PA
Direct soil mapping - VR Lime & P
EM38 & Elevation mapping - VR Gypsum, drainage, N management
Integrate NDVI & Yield to develop yield unlock strategies
Summary