Soil information demand for crop simulation, Introducing AquaCrop - Pasquale Steduto
Transcript of Soil information demand for crop simulation, Introducing AquaCrop - Pasquale Steduto
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Soil information demand for crop simulation Introducing AquaCrop
Pasquale STEDUTO Deputy Director
Land & Water Division FAO, Rome
Towards Global Soil Information 20-23 March, 2012 - FAO Headquarters
Rome, Italy
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Atmosphere
Soil
Crop
AquaCrop Conceptual Framework
Man
agem
ent
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CLIMATE Rain
AquaCrop Conceptual Framework | Atmosphere
RS, T, RH, u
ETo T (oC) CO2
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T (oC) Es Ta ETo
Phenology Canopy Cover Leaf expansion gs
Senescence Biomass
WP
Yield HI
Rooting depth
AquaCrop Conceptual Framework | Crop
CO2
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Canopy Cover (CC)
Vertical projection of canopy foliage
Shaded area over ground area
(%)
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CGC
CCx
start of canopy senescence
time to harvest
cano
py c
over
timetime to full canopy
CDC
CCo
• CC follows the exponential growth during the first half of the full development (Eq. 1) and an exponential decay during the second half of the full development (Eq. 2)
tCGCoeCCCC ⋅= (1) tCGC
oxx e)CCCC(CCCC ⋅−⋅−−= (2)
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WP Water Productivity
(g m-2 mm-1) ∑
=CT
BiomassWP(g m-2)
)2000(COO
C
*
2ETT
BiomassWP
=
∑
Σ ETc (mm x 1000)0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9
Bio
mas
s (k
g m
-2)
0
1
2
3
SorghumSunflowerChickpeaWheat
∑ CT Σ(ETc/ETo)0 40 80 120 160
Bio
mas
s (k
g m
-2)
0
1
2
3
SorghumSunflowerChickpeaWheat
∑ )ET/T( OC
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multiplier x HIo (reference)
upward or downward adjustment
Harvest Index
Y = HIadj x B
adjusted for: water and/or temperature stress
Y HI (biomass) B (yield)
Yield
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root
ing
dept
hsowing transplanting
emergencetransplanting
timeZini
Zn
Zx
averageexpansion rate
to/2
to
tx
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Soil water (& salt) balance Infiltration
Uptake Redistribution
Runoff
Rain
Ks
Es Ta
AquaCrop Conceptual Framework | Soil
deep percolation
capillary rise
Leaf expansion gs
Senescence
HI
Texture 1
Texture 2
Texture …
Ksat
FC
PWP
Irrig.
Runoff
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runoff
irrigationrainfall
capillaryrise
deeppercolation
stor
ed s
oil w
ater
(mm
)
Wr
evaporation
0.0
transpiration
Field Capacity (FC)
Permanent Wilting Point (PWP)
TAW
Total Available soil Water
soil water balance
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Ks
(1) leaf expansion
HI (4)
(2) gs
(3) senescence
Ks for leaf expansion, maize
Ks for stomata, maize
Ks for senescence, maize
+ aeration & T stresses
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Field Management
Water Management
• Fertility level (non-limiting; moderate; poor)
• Field-surface practices (mulching; soil bunds)
Rainfed
• User defined schedule (timing and depth)
• Model-generated schedule (fixed interval; fixed depth; % of RAW) • Irrigation method (drip; sprinkler; surface » basin; border; furrow)
Irrigation
AquaCrop Conceptual Framework | Management
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Atmosphere
Soil
Crop
Man
agem
ent
Summing up
CLIMATE
T (oC) Es Ta
Phenology Canopy Cover Leaf expansion gs
Senescence Biomass
WP
Yield HI
CO2
Soil water (& salt) balance Infiltration
Uptake Redistribution
deep percolation
capillary rise
Rooting depth
ETo
Rain
Runoff
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Soil information demand • Texture of different layers along the profile
• Derivation of FC, PWP & Ksat from pedo- transfer functions or measurements
• Status of soil fertility (CEC, OM, others)
• Presence of impermeable, or other constraining, layers
• Information on depth and underlying geology, for drainage and deep percolation inferences
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•Main scientific publications 2009
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Crops dealt by AquaCrop
• Wheat • Maize • Rice • Sugarbeet • Soybean • Cotton • Potato • Quinoa • Sunflower • Bambara groundnut
• Sugarcane • Tomato • Teff • Barley • Sorghum
• Forage crops (Alfalfa)
• Millet • Chickpea • Cassava • Amaranths • Sweet potato
Already calibrated
For the near future
NO TREE CROPS
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Thank You
www.fao.org/nr/water