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SOIL HAZARD DEFINITION:

Soil hazard is caused the presence of human-made chemical or other alteration in the natural soil environment.

It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals and improper disposal of waste.

Toxic wastesReactive wastesIgnitable wastesCorrosive wastesInfectious wastesExplosive wastesMunicipal solid wastesAgricultural wastes

Types of soil hazards

Toxic wastes are those that are poisonous in small or trace amounts.

Carcinogenic or mutagenic causing biological changes in children of exposed people and animal.

Ex: pesticides, heavy material.

Toxic wastes

Which have a tendency to react vigorously with air or water are unstable to shock or heat, generate toxic gases.

Ex: gun powder, nitroglycerine.

Reactive wastes

Are those that burn at relatively low temperature

(<600c) and are capable of spontaneous combustion during storage or disposal.

Ex: Gasoline, Paint thinners and Alcohol.

Ignitable wastes

Corrosive materials are those that destroy material and living tissues by chemical reactions.

Ex: Acids and base.

Corrosive wastes

Infectious wastes includes human tissue from surgery, used bandages, hypoderm needles, hospital wastes.

Infectious wastes

An explosive waste is a gaseous waste which is in itself capable, by chemical reaction.

Producing gas at such a temperature, pressure and speed, as to cause damage to the surroundings.

Explosive wastes

• Municipal solid wastes are also called as trash or garbage. It contains food wastes like vegetable and meat material, left over food, egg shells, paper, plastic, glass bottles, cardboard boxes, aluminium foil.

Municipal solid wastes

Common domestic wastes Time taken for degeneration

Kitchen wastes vegetables, fruits

1-2 weeks

Paper, card board paper 15 days-1 month

Cotton clothes 2-5 months

Woolen clothes About a year

Metal cans, tin, aluminum 100-500 years

plastics 1 million year

Domestic wastes and their degeneration time

The wastes generated by agriculture wates includes waste from crops and live stock.

Agricultural wastes are rice husk, bagasse, ground nut shell, maize cobs and straw of cereal.

Agricultural wastes

Proportion of agricultural and live stock waste

Protective And Preventive Measures In Hazards Control

Principle 1: Conducting a hazard analysis

Principle 2: Identifying the critical control

points(CCP)

Principle 3: Establishing critical control point

monitoring requirements. 

Principle 4: Establishing critical limits for each critical

control point. 

Preventive and protective measures in hazard control

Principle 5: Establishing corrective actions

Principle 6: Establishing record keeping procedures. 

Principle 7: Establishing procedures for ensuring the

HACCP system is working as intended

Email Based Assignment Help in Protective And

Preventive Measures In Hazards Control

Management practices

1)Reduce

2)Reuse

3)Recycle

1) Reduce: Reduce the amount and toxicity of garbage and trash

that you discard. Source reduction means consuming and discarding less,

is a successful method of reducing waste generation.

Waste production can be minimized by adopting the 3R’s principle:

2) Re-use: It is a process it involves re-using items by repairing

them, donating them to charity, and community groups, or selling them.

3)Recycling: The process of recycling, including composting, has

diverted several million tons of material away from disposal.

It create vulnerable resources and it generates a host of environmental, financial, and social benefits.

. Wastes to energy

1) Gasification

2) Pyralysis

Biogas production

Methane and organic fertilizer.

Agricultural wastes like corn cobs, paddy husk, bagasse of sugarcane, waste of wheat, coconut wastes, jute waste, rice and other cereals, cotton stalks etc can be used in making of paper and hard board.

Management

Thank

you…K. SuneethammaTAM 2014-11